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pH-sensitive fluorescent organic nanoparticles: Off-on fluorescent detection of furfural in transformer oil
摘要： Furfural content is considered as index to estimate transformer remnant life. Therefore, low cost, highly sensitive methods for determination of furfural are highly desirable. In the present work, we describe a new strategy for furfural detection by tracing the 'off-on' fluorescence signals of fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs). Significant H+-dependent emission characteristics in aprotic organic solvent was found for our synthesized poly(DOPA)-FONPs. The fluorescence of poly(DOPA)-FONPs can be quickly quenched by hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Furfural can react with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to produce furan-2-carbaldehyde oxime and release proton in a 1:1 proportion. Then H+ produced by the reaction caused the fluorescence intensity at 520 nm to increase as a linear function of furfural concentrations. Under the optimum conditions, the linear working concentration range was found to be 0.01~30 mg L-1 and the LOD for the determination of furfural was 0.0015 mg L-1. The proposed method was used to determine furfural in transformer oil samples satisfactorily, providing a convenient alternative to conventional techniques.
关键词： pH-sensitivity,Transformer oil,Fluorescent assay,Fluorescent organic nanoparticle,Detection of furfural
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON) - Guangzhou, China (2018.11.6-2018.11.8)] 2018 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON) - Partial Discharge Detection in Transformer Based on Optical Method
摘要： The paper presents a method for detecting partial discharge (PD) in transformer oil using fluorescence sensor and optical method. The main components and the experimental setup are described. The results show that the fluorescence sensor can effectively detect PD signals with high sensitivity and accuracy. The method has great potential for application in power equipment monitoring.
关键词： fluorescence sensor,power equipment,optical detection,transformer oil,partial discharge
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Enhanced hydrogen sensing properties of Pd-coated SnO2 nanorod arrays in nitrogen and transformer oil
摘要： We report enhanced sensing properties of Pd-coated SnO2 nanorod (NR) arrays for detecting H2 gas in N2 and dissolved in transformer oil. The Pd nanoparticles were coated on randomly ordered vertical SnO2 NR arrays by the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method, which utilizes an electron-beam evaporator and a DC magnetron sputtering system. The Pd-coated SnO2 NR arrays exhibited high response (104 at 1% H2) in N2. Pd-coated SnO2 NR arrays were immersed and in mineral oil that contains various concentrations of dissolved H2 and the electrical response was measured. We found that the Pd-coated SnO2 NR arrays showed superior response (R = ?96), low detection limit (0.3 ppm), and fast response times (300 s). The Pd-coated SnO2 NR arrays had a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 3.69 × 10-3 °C-1 at various oil temperatures (20–80 °C), indicating good thermal stability at high temperatures. The sensing mechanism of the Pd-coated SnO2 NR arrays was also demonstrated by using changes in the Schottky barrier height at the Pd/SnO2 interface upon exposure to H2.
关键词： Pd,SnO2,Transformer oil,Nanorod arrays,Hydrogen sensing
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Copper particle contamination detection of oil-immersed transformer using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
摘要： The deterioration of transformer oil caused by particle contamination, especially copper particle, seriously affects the safe operation of oil-immersed transformers. Therefore, it is very important for the detection of metal particles in transformer oil. A new method based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was first applied in the transformer oil diagnosis field. By screening out effective spots, the correlation between Cu particle concentration and LIBS signal was obtained after testing a set of oil samples with concentration range from 0.54 to 12.4 μg/g; the calibration curves of Cu I 324.75 nm / CN 358.6 nm and Cu I 327.39 nm /CN 358.6 nm were therefore established. The results shown high linearity, and the determination coefficient R2 of the two calibration curves in range from 0.54 to 3.1 μg/g were superior to 0.99. The limit of detection (LOD) inferred from Cu I 324.75 nm /CN 358.6 nm fitting curve was 0.77 μg/g and met the critical value specified by industry standards. Due to its flexibility, it can be used as a new-type of particle concentration detection method for transformer oil.
关键词： copper particle,filter paper substrate,transformer oil,laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Doping effects of ZnO quantum dots on the sensitive and selective detection of acetylene for dissolved-gas analysis applications of transformer oil
摘要： We report on the doping effect on the sensing properties of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) for the detection of acetylene. We found that In-doped ZnO (IZO) QDs exhibited a better sensing performance to 10 ppm acetylene than undoped ZnO (ZO) QDs and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) QDs. The higher sensing response of IZO QDs can be attributed to a greater number of reactive sites for detecting acetylene, which is likely to originate from the increased number of oxygen vacancies, and the larger optical band gap and surface area of IZO. This is due to a higher valence dopant and a smaller particle size. The sensing properties of IZO QDs to 10 ppm acetylene was also found to be superior to previously reported acetylene sensors that are based on semiconducting metal oxides. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 10 ppm of acetylene can be selectively detected in air within ～100 s using a recently developed miniaturized gas chromatography (GC) integrated with the IZO QDs sensor. In addition, we found that the device can detect the major fault gases of hydrogen and acetylene separately within ～100 s. Our study demonstrates that the device can be utilized in the GC-based on-line dissolved gas analysis to detect small amounts of acetylene gas in transformer oil.
关键词： Acetylene gas sensor,Dissolved gas analysis,Gas chromatography,Transformer oil,Quantum dots,ZnO
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Photonics (ICP) - Langkawi, Malaysia (2018.4.9-2018.4.11)] 2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Photonics (ICP) - Detection of Power Transformer Fault Conditions using Optical Characteristics of Transformer Oil
摘要： Power transformers are important in the power transmission and distribution network. A continuous monitoring of the transformer is important in ensuring the prolonged service of the transformer. This paper focuses on the characterization of transformer oil using optical detection method. 10 Transformer oil samples from the main tanks and 11 oil samples from the on-load-tap-changer (OLTC) were obtained for the optical characterization from 200 to 3300 nm. Based on the conventional results interpretation using dissolved gas analysis (DGA) and Duval Triangle, the optical characteristics of the samples in 2120 to 2220 nm clearly demonstrate the detection of electrical discharges of high energy (D2), electrical discharges of low energy (D1) and thermal faults at temperatures above 700°C (T3) faults. This approach provides a quicker and cheaper method to determine the condition of power transformers based on the optical characteristics of transformer oil.
关键词： spectrophotometer,On-load-tap-changer,main transformer tank,transformer oil aging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Pd-doped MoS2 monolayer: A promising candidate for DGA in transformer oil based on DFT method
摘要： Density functional theory (DFT) method was carried out to simulate the adsorption of three dissolved gases on Pd-doped MOS2 (Pd-MoS2) monolayer. We initially studied the possible structures of Pd-MoS2 monolayer and found that the Pd dopant preferred to be adsorbed onto the surface by TMo site. The adsorption and desorption performance, along with the sensing principle of Pd-MoS2 towards three typical gases, including H2, CH4 and C2H2, were analyzed. These analysis indicated that Pd-MoS2 could be a satis?ed material for C2H2 and H2 sensing at speci?c condition; while it is unsuitable for detection of CH4 due to the weak interaction and extremely short recovery time. All these give a ?rst insight into the application of Pd-MoS2 for DGA, evaluating the working operation of the transformer through sensitive detection of H2 and C2H2. We are hopeful that this work would support informative knowledge for experimentalists to realize the potential of Pd-MoS2 in the ?eld of electrical engineering in the near future.
关键词： DGA,Transformer oil,DFT,Pd-MoS2 monolayer
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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On-Line Analysis of Oil-Dissolved Gas in Power Transformers Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
摘要： To address the problem of on-line dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of a power transformer, a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer was used to develop an analysis instrument. Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethylene (C2H4) and acetylene (C2H2) were the analytes for the FT-IR spectrometer while propane (C3H8), propylene (C3H6), propyne (C3H4), n-butane (n-C4H10) and iso-butane (iso-C4H10) were the interferents, which might exist in the dissolved gas but are not currently used as analytes for detecting an internal fault. The instrument parameters and analysis approach are first introduced. Specifically, an absorption spectra reading approach by switching two cone-type gas cells into separate light-paths was presented for reducing the effects of gas in the gaps between gas cells and spectrometers, scanning the background spectrum without clearing the sample cell, and increasing the dynamics. Then, the instrument was tested with a standard gas mixture that was extracted from insulation oil in a power transformer. The testing results show that the detection limit of every analyte component is lower than 0.1 μL/L, and the detection limits of all analytes meet the detection requirements of oil-dissolved gas analysis, which means that the FT-IR spectrometer may be an ideal instrument due to its benefits, such as being maintenance-free and having a high stability.
关键词： power transformer,oil-dissolved gas,gas chromatograph,spectral analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Photonics (ICP) - Kuah (2018.4.9-2018.4.11)] 2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Photonics (ICP) - Characterizing Inhibitor Content of Transformer Oil in the UV-Visible Waveband
摘要： Over the years, transformer oil has been used in majority of the power transformers to provide a reliable insulating system that is effective against dielectric stresses. Oxidation often occurred in transformer oil in the presence of oxygen and moisture which will affect the stability and insulating properties of the oil. The oxidation process cannot be eliminated but it can be delayed with the presence of inhibitor content. Even though inhibitor content can reduce the oxidation rate, the amount of inhibitor content still depletes over time. Thus, a monitoring system to detect the inhibitor content concentration is very crucial as it will be able to prolong the life span of the transformer. This paper focuses on the optical characterization of inhibitor content in transformer oil by utilizing the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy technique. It was found that oil samples with inhibitor content produce multiple absorbance peaks in the range of 350 nm to 500 nm. A clear difference in peak absorbance near 450 nm indicates the difference in the inhibitor content concentrations. Based on the results of this work, a portable and low cost optical sensing device can potentially be developed for the detection of inhibitor content in transformer oil using UV-Vis spectroscopy.
关键词： Inhibitor,Visible spectroscopy,Power Transformers,Transformer Oil
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14