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Optical Solitons In (2+1)–Dimensions With Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar Equation By Extended Trial Function Scheme
摘要： This paper addresses Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation by the aid of extended trial function method to recover optical soliton solutions in (2+1)–dimensions. The integration algorithm revealed doubly periodic functions. Upon taking the limiting values of the modulus of ellipticity, bright and singular solitons as well as singular periodic solutions emerge. Additional solutions such as plane waves also fall out of the scheme.
关键词： Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation,extended trial function scheme,solitons
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A trial for EBT3 film without batch-specific calibration using a neural network
摘要： This note reports a trial to establish an ANN (artificial neural network) method applying to EBT3 films of different batches without batch-specific calibration. Based on Pytorch (Facebook, https://pytorch.org/), a feed-forward ANN model was built to convert the pixel values of scanned images from different batches into absorbed dose. Films from different batches exposed to X-ray doses were digitized in transmission mode on an Epson 11000XL scanner for training and testing. The calculated dose map of TPS (Radiation Therapy Planning System) was used as a label (the desired output) for the ANN model. To verify the performance and generalization of the ANN method, a cross-validation experiment was performed. Using the trained ANN method, the scanned images were converted into absorbed dose maps, and the converted dose maps have good agreement with the calculated dose maps from TPS. For films irradiated via the sliding window mode, the MSEs (mean square errors) of the trained batches were less than 16.0 cGy and the MSEs of the tested batches were less than 18.0 cGy. For patient intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) films, the γ(3%, 3 mm) between the dose maps obtained from the trained films and TPS exceeded 97.5%. The γ(3%, 3 mm) between most of the dose maps obtained from the tested films and TPS exceeded 97.0%. This shows that it is feasible to establish a method for EBT3 films from certain batches to convert pixel values into an absorbed dose without batch-specific calibration, and the method can be applied to other cases.
关键词： EBT3 film,Trial,ANN method
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Variational Solution of Steady-Structure in Exciton-Polariton Condensates with a Modified Lagrangian Approach
摘要： Exciton-polariton condensate is a new kind of system exhibiting spontaneous coherence, which is a new quantum dissipation system. Numerical simulation and analytical methods can be used to study the static and dynamical properties of exciton-polariton condensate. In this paper, A modified Lagrangian method is developed for exciton-polariton system to find the steady-state structure and regimes among the parameters of the system, and two new forms of trial wave function are proposed. The modified Lagrangian method is successfully applied to the exciton-polariton system described by the open-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the first time. Furthermore, static version of the modified Lagrangian method provides stationary shape of the steady-state structure, while the time-dependent version can be used to study small amplitude oscillations around stationary states. On the one hand, comparison of the profiles for steady-state structure, predicted by the modified Lagrangian and those found from numerical solution of the open-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii(dGP) equation shows good agreement, thereby proving the accuracy of the trial wave function and validating the proposed approach. Particularly, this new method promotes the deeper cognition and understanding for the dissipative exciton-polariton system and is helpful to explore the mechanism of the gain and dissipation effect on the steady-state structure of the system.
关键词： dissipative,Lagrangian method,trial wave function,exciton-polariton condensate,steady-state structure
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Randomized prospective phase III trial of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT molecular imaging for prostate cancer salvage radiotherapy planning [PSMA-SRT]
摘要： Background: Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence after prostatectomy offers long-term biochemical control in about 50–60% of patients. SRT is commonly initiated in patients with serum PSA levels < 1 ng/mL, a threshold at which standard-of-care imaging is insensitive for detecting recurrence. As such, SRT target volumes are usually drawn in the absence of radiographically visible disease. 68Ga-PSMA-11 (PSMA) PET/CT molecular imaging is highly sensitive and may offer anatomic localization of PCa biochemical recurrence. However, it is unclear if incorporation of PSMA PET/CT imaging into the planning of SRT could improve its likelihood of success. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the success rate of SRT for recurrence of PCa after prostatectomy with and without planning based on PSMA PET/CT. Methods: We will randomize 193 patients to proceed with standard SRT (control arm 1, n = 90) or undergo a PSMA PET/CT scan (free of charge for patients) prior to SRT planning (investigational arm 2, n = 103). The primary endpoint is the success rate of SRT measured as biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS) after initiation of SRT. Biochemical progression is defined by PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/mL and rising. The randomization ratio of 1:1.13 is based on the assumption that approximately 13% of subjects randomized to Arm 2 will not be treated with SRT because of PSMA-positive extra-pelvic metastases. These patients will not be included in the primary endpoint analysis but will still be followed. The choice of treating the prostate bed alone vs prostate bed and pelvic lymph nodes, with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), is selected by the treating radiation oncologist. The radiation oncologist may change the radiation plan depending on the findings of the PSMA PET/CT scan. Any other imaging is allowed for SRT planning in both arms if done per routine care. Patients will be followed until either one of the following conditions occur: 5 years after the date of initiation of randomization, biochemical progression, diagnosis of metastatic disease, initiation of any additional salvage therapy, death. Discussion: This is the first randomized phase 3 prospective trial designed to determine whether PSMA PET/CT molecular imaging can improve outcomes in patients with PCa early BCR following radical prostatectomy. Acronym: PSMA-SRT Phase 3 trial.
关键词： Randomized phase 3 trial,PET/CT,Prostate cancer,PSMA,Salvage radiation therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Optical solitons to Kundu–Eckhaus equation in the context of birefringent fibers by using of trial equation methodology
摘要： The current paper studies pretty important optical solitons namely bright as well as singular solitons in birefringent fibers through the governing model known as Kundu–Eckhaus equation which is coupled system and is modeled for soliton transmission along birefringent fibers. In order to get such solitons, the trial equation algorithm is employed. Also, singular-periodic solutions in addition to optical solitons are revealed by reversed restriction circumstances.
关键词： Optical solitons,Trial equation approach,The coupled Kundu–Eckhaus equation,Birefringent fibers
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Optical solitons for paraxial wave equation in Kerr media
摘要： This paper retrieves Jacobi elliptic, periodic, bright and singular solitons for paraxial nonlinear Schr?dinger equation (NLSE) in Kerr media. We use extended trial equation method to obtain these solitons solutions. For the existence of the soliton solutions, constraint conditions are also presented.
关键词： extended trial equation method,(2 + 1)-dimensional NLSE,Optical soliton
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) - Athens, Greece (2018.7.4-2018.7.6)] 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) - Field Trial of Alien Wavelengths on GARR Optical Network
摘要： At the Italian national level, GARR optical network is composed of two separate optical network domains. With the aim to integrate them we decided to use the alien wavelength technique. This is a hybrid solution based on the transmission and reception of optical signals, called alien wavelengths, that are transported on an infrastructure that is different from the one that generated them. We tested the technique first on a field trial, on two portions of our network of about 350 and 1200km long in order to measure the achievable performance. Based on the successful results we then implemented such technique on the production environment on about 3000km to deliver high-performance services. In this way we improved the overall efficiency of the Italian research and education network in a cost-effective way. This paper describes the overall activity, results and our experience in integrating the alien wavelengths in a production environment, with a special emphasis on deployment and operational issues.
关键词： Network Disaggregation,Open Network,Optical Networking,Alien Wavelengths,Field trial,DWDM
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Diode laser surgery versus electrocautery in the treatment of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
摘要： Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of diode laser and electrocautery techniques for inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) removal. Materials and methods In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 40 individuals were randomly allocated to two groups: group 1 (G1) consisted of 20 individuals assigned to treatment with diode laser and group 2 (G2) consisted of 20 individuals assigned to treatment with electrocautery. The following transoperative parameters were evaluated: bleeding, temperature, and surgical technique parameters (energy deposited on tissue, flow rate, and time of incision). The postoperative parameters evaluated were as follows: pain, functional alterations (chewing, speaking), analgesic medication intake, swelling, healing of the wound area, and patient satisfaction. Results Among the 40 individuals included in the study, four (two in G1 and two in G2) did not complete the entire follow-up. Therefore, 36 individuals (18 in G1 and 18 in G2) participated. Participants in G1 and in G2 had similar demographic characteristics. No difference regarding the trans- or postoperative parameters evaluated was observed between G1 and G2 (p > 0.05). Also, no difference regarding the time for healing was observed between groups. Conclusions Diode laser seems to be as effective and safe as electrocautery when applied under similar conditions for IFH removal. Clinical relevance IFH corresponds to 65% of the lesions observed in denture wearers. This study shows that under similar conditions diode laser is as effective and safe as electrocautery for removal of IFH.
关键词： Cautery,Clinical trial,Hyperplasia,Diode laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) - Edmonton, AB, Canada (2019.5.5-2019.5.8)] 2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) - Targets Illumination Region Effect on Laser RCS in Random Media for H-Wave Polarization
摘要： The classification accuracy of a brain–computer interface (BCI) frequently suffers from ill-posed and overfitting problems. To avoid and alleviate these problems, we propose a method of a multilinear discriminant analysis with constraints to augment parameter reduction, regularization, and additional prior information for event-related potential (ERP)-based BCIs. The method reduces the number of parameters by multilinearization, regularizes the ill-posedness via subspaces that constrain the parameter spaces, and incorporates a brain functional connectivity through the constraints. The experimental results show that the proposed method improved the classification accuracy rates in a single-trial ERP processing.
关键词： multilinear algebra,single-trial classification,linear discriminant analysis,Brain–computer/machine interface (BCI/BMI),event-related potentials,electroencephalogram (EEG)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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The effects of a clinically feasible application of low-level laser therapy on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: A triple-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial
摘要： This split-mouth trial aimed to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the amount of maxillary canine distalization when applied every 4 weeks over 12 weeks. Methods: Twenty-two adolescents and young adults (15 female, 7 male; aged 13-25 years; n 5 22) requiring bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions were recruited. After extractions and leveling-alignment, canines were retracted using closed-coil nickel-titanium springs delivering 150 g of force. LLLT was applied to 8 intraoral points on the buccal and palatal sides around the canine root for 10 seconds per point, on day 0, 28, and 56 with the control side receiving sham application. Alginate impressions were taken every 4 weeks on day 0, 28, 56, and 84. The amount of tooth movement, anchorage loss, and canine rotation were measured digitally. Randomization was through sequentially numbered, generated using www.randomisation.com and allocation concealment opaque, sealed envelopes. Participants, operator, and statistic assessor were blinded. Linear regression modeling accounting for clustering within each patient was used to identify differences between LLLT and control sides. Results: Twenty-one patients completed the study. The total amount of tooth movement was similar in the LLLT (2.55 6 0.73 mm) and control group (2.30 6 0.86 mm), whereas 0.25 mm (95% confidence interval, –0.21, 0.71 mm) of difference was insignificant (P 5 0.27). No significant differences were found for anchorage loss (P 5 0.22) or canine rotation (P 5 0.25). No harms were reported. Conclusions: Application of LLLT every 4 weeks did not result in differences in the amount of tooth movement, anchorage loss, and canine rotation during extraction space closure.
关键词： split-mouth trial,low-level laser therapy,maxillary canine distalization,orthodontic tooth movement
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01