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Triboelectric Nanogenerator: A Foundation of the Energy for the New Era
摘要： As the world is marching into the era of the internet of things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence, the most vital development for hardware is a multifunctional array of sensing systems, which forms the foundation of the fourth industrial revolution toward an intelligent world. Given the need for mobility of these multitudes of sensors, the success of the IoTs calls for distributed energy sources, which can be provided by solar, thermal, wind, and mechanical triggering/vibrations. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting developed by Z.L. Wang’s group is one of the best choices for this energy for the new era, since triboelectrification is a universal and ubiquitous effect with an abundant choice of materials. The development of self-powered active sensors enabled by TENGs is revolutionary compared to externally powered passive sensors, similar to the advance from wired to wireless communication. In this paper, the fundamental theory, experiments, and applications of TENGs are reviewed as a foundation of the energy for the new era with four major application fields: micro/nano power sources, self-powered sensors, large-scale blue energy, and direct high-voltage power sources. A roadmap is proposed for the research and commercialization of TENG in the next 10 years.
关键词： Internet of Things,Energy Harvesting,Triboelectric Nanogenerators,Artificial Intelligence,Self-Powered
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Enhancing the Output Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerator via Grating‐Electrode‐Enabled Surface Plasmon Excitation
摘要： The surface charge density and the output impedance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are two critical factors for TENGs to speed up their commercialization, so it is important to explore unique methods to reduce the output impedance and increase the surface charge density. Here, an approach is demonstrated to effectively boost the output performance of TENG while reducing the output impedance of TENGs by utilizing grating-electrode-enabled surface plasmon excitation. A sustainable and enhanced output performance of about 40 μA (short-circuit current) and 350 V (peak-to-peak voltage at a resistance of 10 MΩ) is produced via grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance on the TENG with the aluminum grating electrode in the line density of 600 lines mm?1, and it delivers a peak output power of 3.6 mW under a loading resistance of 1 MΩ, giving over 4.5-fold enhancement in output power and a 75% reduction in the output impedance. Finally a self-powered ultrasonic ranging system is utilized to verify the capability of the TENG in powering portable electrics.
关键词： optical grating,surface plasmon resonance,hot electron–hole pairs,triboelectric nanogenerators
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Ferroelectric‐Polymer‐Enabled Contactless Electric Power Generation in Triboelectric Nanogenerators
摘要： Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are considered as one of the most important renewable power sources for mobile electronic devices and various sensors in the Internet of Things era. However, their performance should inherently be degraded by the wearing of contact surfaces after long-term use. Here, a ferroelectric polymer is shown to enable TENGs to generate considerable electricity without contact. Ferroelectric-polymer-embedded TENG (FE-TENG) consists of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, and a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer. In contrast to down- and non-polarization, up-polarized PVDF causes significantly large triboelectric charge, rapidly saturated voltage/current, and considerable remaining charge due to the modulated surface potential and increased capacitance. The remained triboelectric charges flow by just approaching/receding the ITO electrode to/from the PDMS without contact, which is sufficient to power light-emitting diodes and liquid crystal displays. Additionally, the FE-TENG can charge an Li-battery with a significantly reduced number of contact cycles. Furthermore, an arch-shaped FE-TENG is demonstrated to operate a wireless temperature sensor network by scavenging the irregular and random vibrations of water waves. This work provides an innovative and simple method to increase conversion efficiency and lifetime of TENGs; which widens the applications of TENG to inaccessible areas like the ocean.
关键词： contactless power generation,surface potential,capacitance,ferroelectric polymers,triboelectric nanogenerators
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[Nanostructure Science and Technology] Nanowire Electronics || Nanowires for Triboelectric Nanogenerators
摘要： Currently, the personal portable electronics are powered by traditional batteries. However, as the electronic elements and power consumption increase, the power source has become an issue because it is impractical to frequently recharge or replace the batteries. Especially, for implanted and biomedical electronic systems, to replace the power sources is unrealistic. Moreover, list of the shortcomings of the conventional power sources includes not only the limited capacity but also environmental pollution and possible explosion and health hazards. Besides, the heavy and rigid boxy batteries hinder the further development of ?exible and wearable electronics and biomedical electronics. On the other way, most of the existing sensing technologies need to be pre-supported and pre-offered electrical or optical signals to sense environmental information, which inevitably requires foreign power sources. With the increased number and density of sensing networks, the sensors that can be of low-power consumption or even self-powered will be desired for future electronic modules [1–7]. TENG was ?rst invented by Zhong Lin Wang’s group in 2012 [8]. A more and deep study and discussion about TENGs can be found in another reference book [1]. Such devices utilize the conjunction of the triboelectri?cation and electrostatic induction to convert ubiquitous mechanical energy into electricity. The devices can act as ef?cient and sustainable energy converters and providers from harvesting environment low-frequency mechanical energy, such as wind, wave, river ?ow, rain drop, human body motions, and so forth [2–6, 9]. The collected energy can be converted to electric energy sources for continuously powering electronic devices and even systems [10]. Triboelectric effect is a contact-induced electri?cation in which a material turns into electrically charged after it is physically contacted with another different kind of materials. It is a natural phenomenon, and, probably, most of the people have been experiencing the triboelectric phenomena in our daily life. However, the mechanisms and availability of triboelectri?cation were seldom to be explored [11, 12].
关键词： Flexible Electronics,Nanowires,Triboelectric Nanogenerators,Energy Harvesting,Self-powered Sensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Electrically Responsive Materials and Devices Directly Driven by the High Voltage of Triboelectric Nanogenerators
摘要： Smart materials with electrically responsive characteristics and devices relying on different electrostatic effects can be directly driven by triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The open circuit voltage from a TENG can easily reach thousands of volts with a separation distance of a few millimeters and this high output voltage can be used to effectively drive or control some devices with high internal resistance. This kind of combination is the most straightforward way for achieving a self-powered smart system. Hence, a detailed survey of electrically responsive materials and devices that can be successfully combined with TENG is summarized, including dielectric elastomers, piezoelectric materials, ferroelectric materials, electrostatic manipulators, electrostatic air cleaners, and field emission and mass spectrometers. Moreover, key factors in determining suitable materials or devices to work with TENG are clarified and an in-depth discussion of the current challenges related to these combined systems is provided. With the cost-effectiveness and simple manufacturing process, these TENG-based composite systems have great application prospects in the field of smart mechanics, human–machine interaction systems, intelligent storage systems, self-powered microfluidic chips, portable mass spectrometers, and so on.
关键词： piezoelectric materials,mass spectrometers,electrostatic air cleaners,dielectric elastomers,electrically responsive materials,self-powered systems,field emission,electrostatic manipulators,triboelectric nanogenerators,ferroelectric materials
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36