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Conductive Holea??Selective Passivating Contacts for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
摘要： Defect state passivation and conductivity of materials are always in opposition; thus, it is unlikely for one material to possess both excellent carrier transport and defect state passivation simultaneously. As a result, the use of partial passivation and local contact strategies are required for silicon solar cells, which leads to fabrication processes with technical complexities. Thus, one material that possesses both a good passivation and conductivity is highly desirable in silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells. In this work, a passivation-conductivity phase-like diagram is presented and a conductive-passivating-carrier-selective contact is achieved using PEDOT:Nafion composite thin films. A power conversion efficiency of 18.8% is reported for an industrial multicrystalline silicon solar cell with a back PEDOT:Nafion contact, demonstrating a solution-processed organic passivating contact concept. This concept has the potential advantages of omitting the use of conventional dielectric passivation materials deposited by costly high-vacuum equipment, energy-intensive high-temperature processes, and complex laser opening steps. This work also contributes an effective back-surface field scheme and a new hole-selective contact for p-type and n-type silicon solar cells, respectively, both for research purposes and as a low-cost surface engineering strategy for future Si-based PV technologies.
关键词： solar cells,PEDOT,Nafion,passivation,conductivity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Pulsed laser ablation route assisted copper oxide nanoparticles doped in Polyethylene Oxide/Polyvinyl pyrrolidone blend for enhancement the electrical conductivity
摘要： Polyethylene Oxide/Polyvinyl pyrrolidone blend was doped by Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuONPs) prepared by laser ablation process. Synthesized Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared by ablating pure copper plate immersed in DDW by nanosecond Nd:YAG laser in different times. PEO/PVP/CuONPs nanocomposites have been synthesized via casting technique. Effect of CuONPs doping on enhancing PEO/PVP have been obtained. The influence of various times of laser ablation on the properties of the synthesized nanocomposite films was analyzed via several techniques. SEM and XRD proved the interaction between PEO/PVP blend and CuONPs. The presence of the distinctive absorption peak at UV-Vis range at 277 nm was due to copper oxide surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The direct and indirect optical band gap values illustrate a decrease following doping of copper oxide inside PEO/PVP matrix. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss activity gradually diminished as the frequency rises. AC conductivity were increased as laser time increased.
关键词： Copper oxide nanoparticles,Pulsed laser ablation,Ac conductivity,PEO/PVP
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Retarding System of the Diafraged Rectangular Waveguide Type
摘要： In this paper, we propose fast and sufficiently accurate models for retarding systems (RS) such as double-shifted combs in a rectangular screen and RS of the looping waveguide type based on the diaphragm conductivity calculation in a rectangular waveguide (RW). The conductivity of the capacitive diaphragm in the RW is obtained for electric and magnetic wide walls. Multimode models based on functionals of electric and magnetic types are also proposed. The models facilitate correct account of losses. The dispersion of a double comb and looping waveguide with infinitely thin walls is calculated.
关键词： rectangular waveguide,multimode models,diaphragm conductivity,retarding systems,dispersion
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2020 Pan Pacific Microelectronics Symposium (Pan Pacific) - HI, USA (2020.2.10-2020.2.13)] 2020 Pan Pacific Microelectronics Symposium (Pan Pacific) - Qualification of NIR, UV and Laser Irradiation as Alternative Photonic Sintering Methods for Printed Electronics
摘要： Printed Electronics creates new areas of applications with a new manner of manufacturing electronics. Due to its technical and 3D design freedom, new markets and innovative products arise that were initially unthinkable. However, the focus of research is currently on mastering and improving the printing process. The subsequent process step of drying and densifying the printed structures to achieve high conductivities in the shortest possible time is up to now hardly considered. This paper treats the inquiry of fitted and optimized parameters of alternative promising photonic sintering methods for printed electronics compared to the much more time-intensive state of the art sintering process in a furnace. These photonic sintering methods comprise the near infrared, ultraviolet light as well as laser irradiation of the printed structures. Photonic sintering promises faster and more efficient curing and sintering due to the direct and selective application of energy to the printing structures without damaging the temperature-sensitive substrates. As substrate materials ABS and PC-ABS, as well as a glass material were used. Both polymer materials are standard and technical thermoplastics which are available at the market in huge quantities at low price. For the manufacture of printed circuits, a dispense printer was used, in order to process a low-cost silver-based micro particle paste. The evaluation of the sintering result was carried out based on the electrical conductivity of the printed conductor path and the adhesion strength on the substrate. In addition, the sintering time required for the curing of the structures as well as impacts on the substrate or the printed tracks due to photonic treatment were taken into account. To perform the experiments, two different print layouts were set up in order to be able to assess the electrical properties on the first layout and the adhesion on the second layout. To obtain a detailed statement on the exploration on the photonic sintering methods, a fully factorial design plan was conducted. For the near-infrared irradiation, the important parameters were the irradiation duration and the irradiation power. While sintered by ultraviolet light, the parameters were irradiation time, as well as the distance between the sample surface and the UV emitter. In the treatment by means of laser radiation, laser power and the motion speed were identified as the relevant parameters. In order to be able to draw a comparison to the mainly used sintering method, samples were also sintered in a furnace. The results show a significant reduction of the sintering time to a few seconds with comparable and even significantly better electrical and mechanical properties.
关键词： Printed Electronics,Polymer,Photonic Sintering,Conductivity,Alternative Sintering
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of triple-cation perovskite halide materials for solar cells
摘要： We report on the measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity by a modulated thermoreflectance microscopy technique on a mixed-cation perovskite material [Cs0.05(formamidinium0.83methylammonium0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3] widely applied for solution-processed perovskite solar cells. Such materials are supposed to present improved thermal stability compared to methylammonium-based single cation perovskites. Our measurements are performed on perovskite/TiO2/SnO2:F/SiO2 structures, with perovskite thicknesses ranging between 250 nm and 1000 nm. This configuration is the one of a real solar cell, with the same substrate and intermediate layers as of an operating device. We measured a thermal conductivity kper of 0.26 ± 0.03 W m?1 K?1 and a thermal diffusivity Dper of 3.5 × 10?7 ± 0.5 m2 s?1. The value for thermal conductivity is comparable to the one measured on single cation perovskites, which is generally in the 0.2–0.6 range. The value for thermal diffusivity has not been reported previously.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,thermal conductivity,modulated thermoreflectance microscopy,thermal diffusivity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Tailoring PEDOT:PSS polymer electrode for solution-processed inverted organic solar cells
摘要： The review of this paper was arranged by A. Zaslavsky. Conductivity and work function of the conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), has been investigated for a top electrode of the solution-processed organic solar cells (OPV). It has been found that both conductivity and work function could be changed by adjusting the mixing ratio of different commercial grade PEDOT:PSS such as PH 1000 and AI 4083. A 2:1 vol ratio of PH 1000 and AI 4083 mixture provided the conductivity of 443 S/cm (corresponding sheet resistance (Rsh) of 260 Ω/sq) and the work function of 5.09 eV. Therefore, this PEDOT:PSS mixture may work as both a hole transport layer (HTL) and anode electrode of the OPV. For verifying, all-solution-processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) inverted OPVs were fabricated using developed PEDOT:PSS conductive polymers as both HTL and anode top electrode. Under the AM1.5G spectrum calibrated 100 mW/cm2 illumination, fabricated all-solution-processed OPV provides a best photo-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.04% accounted from an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 576 mV, a short circuit current (Jsc) of 6.91 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 51.2%. In addition, the final OPV exhibits semitransparency due to no metal electrode on top and transparency of the conductive polymer.
关键词： Organic photovoltaics,Semitransparency,All-solution-process,Work function,Conductivity,PEDOT:PSS
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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rGO based photo-anode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and its photovoltaic characteristics
摘要： On the attempt to increase transport properties of the photo-anode in DSSC, we synthesized rGO powder from graphite bar (commercially available) using modified Hummer’s method. The SEM-EDS results had confirmed the attachment of the rGO layer to the FTO substrate. For DSSC cells, we made two cells configuration, the first one was stacking layers of rGO and TiO2 resulting configuration of TiO2/rGO/ TiO2 (A2) and rGO/TiO2/rGO (A3), where rGO was deposited by spin coating and TiO2 was deposited by a screen printing technique. The second one, the rGO powder was mixed with TiO2 paste with several ratios in weight, namely TiO2:rGO 40:1 (B1), 40:2 (B2), and 40:8 (B3) and then deposited on the FTO substrate by screen printing. The reference cell was assigned as A1 (TiO2 only). From the conductivity measurement using the four-probe method, the utilization of rGO layer increased the conductivity of photo-anode layer, namely (1.37, 2.9 and 6.3)x10-2 Ω-1cm-1 for A1 to A3 and (1.5, 2.5, and 3.7)x10-2 Ω-1cm-1 for B1 to B3. From the photovoltaic measurement, we found that the efficiency of the DSSC cell firstly increased with the insertion of rGO layer, from 1.8% (A1) to 4.59% (A2), and decreased to 3.22%, as the conductivity increased in A3. While for the composite of TiO2:rGO, the efficiency of the cell reduced with the increased amount of rGO, from 3.45% (B1) to 2.9% and 1.9% for B2 and B3. We found that the reduction of photovoltaic performance was affected by two main factors, specifically, direct contact between rGO and redox species in the electrolyte, which induced recombination process, and conductivity of the photo-anode layer. To fully achieve the advantage of rGO utilization in photo-anode, once must be considered was the use of protection layer on top of the rGO layer to avoid direct contact between the rGO/electrolyte interface.
关键词： photovoltaic,rGO,efficiency,photo-anode,DSSC,conductivity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Structural and Electrical Investigation of Cobalt-Doped NiOx/Perovskite Interface for Efficient Inverted Solar Cells
摘要： Inorganic hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for stable and cheap inverted perovskite-based solar cells are highly desired. In this context, NiOx, with low synthesis temperature, has been employed. However, the low conductivity and the large number of defects limit the boost of the e?ciency. An approach to improve the conductivity is metal doping. In this work, we have synthesized cobalt-doped NiOx nanoparticles containing 0.75, 1, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mol% cobalt (Co) ions to be used for the inverted planar perovskite solar cells. The best e?ciency of the devices utilizing the low temperature-deposited Co-doped NiOx HTM obtained a champion photoconversion e?ciency of 16.42%, with 0.75 mol% of doping. Interestingly, we demonstrated that the improvement is not from an increase of the conductivity of the NiOx ?lm, but due to the improvement of the perovskite layer morphology. We observe that the Co-doping raises the interfacial recombination of the device but more importantly improves the perovskite morphology, enlarging grain size and reducing the density of bulk defects and the bulk recombination. In the case of 0.75 mol% of doping, the bene?cial e?ects do not just compensate for the deleterious one but increase performance further. Therefore, 0.75 mol% Co doping results in a signi?cant improvement in the performance of NiOx-based inverted planar perovskite solar cells, and represents a good compromise to synthesize, and deposit, the inorganic material at low temperature, without losing the performance, due to the strong impact on the structural properties of the perovskite. This work highlights the importance of the interface from two di?erent points of view, electrical and structural, recognizing the role of a low doping Co concentration, as a key to improve the inverted perovskite-based solar cells’ performance.
关键词： hole transport material,inverted planar perovskite solar cell,perovskite morphology,Co-doped NiOx,electrical conductivity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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How the Mixed Cations (Guanidium, Formamidinium, and Phenylethylamine) in Tin Iodide Perovskites Affect Their Charge Carrier Dynamics and Solar Cell Characteristics
摘要： Despite recent interest in lead-free Sn iodide perovskite (ASnI3) solar cells, the role of mixed A-site cations is yet to be fully understood. Here, we report the effect of the ternary mixing of organic A-site cations (guanidium, GA; formamidinium, FA; and phenylethylamine, PEA) on the solar cell performance and charge carrier dynamics that are evaluated using time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC). (GAxFA1?x)0.9PEA0.1SnI3 exhibits the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.90% at x = 0.15 and a drastic decrease with increasing GA content. Notably, our TRMC measurements of ASnI3 with/without a hole transport layer reveal the same trend with the devices. From the analyses, we suggest that a variation of electron mobility affected by the location of the GA cation in the grains significantly impacts the PCE. Our work sheds light on the role of mixed A-site cations and directs a route toward the further development of Sn perovskite solar cells.
关键词： time-resolved microwave conductivity,mixed A-site cations,solar cell performance,Sn iodide perovskite,charge carrier dynamics,lead-free
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Anion-Substituted Garnets Ca3Mn2 – x(Ni, Co)xVyGe3 – yO12 (x = 0, 1; y = 0, 1, 2): Preparation and Characterization
摘要： Garnets with the structure similar to that of Ca3Mn2Ge3O12 have been prepared with simultaneous substitutions of Ge4+ by V5+ in tetrahedra and of Mn3+ by Ni2+ or Co2+ in octahedra. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved the absence of V4+ in tetrahedra of the lattice of the compounds prepared and determined the valences of elements in octahedral sites. The increasing d-cation size in octahedra is accompanied by an increase in unit cell volume regardless of the composition of tetrahedra (VyGe3 – y)O12. The electrical conductivity of Ca3Mn2 – x(Ni, Co)xVyGe3 – yO12 (x = 0, 1; y = 0, 1, 2) garnet ceramic samples and the calculated bandgap widths make it possible to classify them with medium-gap semiconductors.
关键词： garnet,crystallographic radius,tetrahedron,electrical conductivity,octahedron,bandgap width,d elements
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01