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Nucleus-targeted organoiridium-albumin conjugate for photoactivated cancer therapy
摘要： A novel organoiridium-albumin bioconjugate (Ir1-HSA) was synthesized via reaction of a pendant maleimide ligand with human serum albumin. The phosphorescence of Ir1-HSA was enhanced significantly compared to the parent complex Ir1. The long phosphorescence lifetime and high 1O2 quantum yield of Ir1-HSA are highly favourable properties for photodynamic therapy. Ir1-HSA mainly accumulated in the nucleus of living cancer cells and showed remarkable photocytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines and tumor spheroids (light IC50; 0.8-5 μM, photo-cytotoxicity index PI = 40-60) while remaining non-toxic to normal cells and normal cell spheroids, even after photo-irradiation. This nucleus-targeting organoiridium-albumin is a strong candidate photosensitizer for anticancer photodynamic therapy.
关键词： Photodynamic therapy,Photosensitizer,Albumin,Organoiridium
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Combination of light-driven co-delivery of chemodrugs and plasmonic-induced heat for cancer therapeutics using hybrid protein nanocapsules
摘要： Background: Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic drugs, increasing their accumulation in tumor tissue and allowing their simultaneous action by different pathways are essential issues for a successful chemotherapeutic activity in cancer treatment. Considering potential clinical application in the future, it will be promising to achieve such purposes by developing new biocompatible hybrid nanocarriers with multimodal therapeutic activity. Results: We designed and characterised a hybrid nanocarrier based on human serum albumin/chitosan nanoparticles (HSA/chitosan NPs) able to encapsulate free docetaxel (DTX) and doxorubicin?modified gold nanorods (DOXO?GNRs) to simultaneously exploit the complementary chemotherapeutic activities of both antineoplasic compounds together with the plasmonic optical properties of the embedded GNRs for plasmonic?based photothermal therapy (PPTT). DOXO was assembled onto GNR surfaces following a layer?by?layer (LbL) coating strategy, which allowed to partially control its release quasi?independently release regarding DTX under the use of near infrared (NIR)?light laser stimulation of GNRs. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments using triple negative breast MDA?MB?231 cancer cells showed that the developed dual drug encapsulation approach produces a strong synergistic toxic effect to tumoral cells compared to the administration of the combined free drugs; additionally, PPTT enhances the cytostatic efficacy allowing cell toxicities close to 90% after a single low irradiation dose and keeping apoptosis as the main cell death mechanism. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that by means of a rational design, a single hybrid nanoconstruct can simultaneously supply complementary therapeutic strategies to treat tumors and, in particular, metastatic breast cancers with good results making use of its stimuli?responsiveness as well as its inherent physico?chemical properties.
关键词： Multimodal therapy,Gold nanorods,Photo?therapy,Stimuli?responsiveness,Human serum albumin nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Degradation of Human Serum Albumin by Infrared Free Electron Laser Enhanced by Inclusion of a Salen-Type Schiff Base Zn (II) Complex
摘要： A salen‐type Schiff base Zn(II) complex included in human serum albumin (HSA) protein was examined by UV‐Vis, circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence (PL) spectra. The formation of the composite material was also estimated by a GOLD program of ligand–protein docking simulation. A composite cast film of HSA and Zn(II) complex was prepared, and the effects of the docking of the metal complex on the degradation of protein molecules by mid‐infrared free electron laser (IR‐FEL) were investigated. The optimum wavelengths of IR‐FEL irradiation to be used were based on experimental FT‐IR spectra and vibrational analysis. Using TD‐DFT results with 6‐31G(d,p) and B3LYP, the IR spectrum of Zn(II) complex could be reasonably assigned. The respective wavelengths were 1652 cm?1 (HSA amide I), 1537 cm?1 (HSA amide II), and 1622 cm?1 (Zn(II) complex C=N). Degradation of HSA based on FT‐IR microscope (IRM) analysis and protein secondary structure analysis program (IR‐SSE) revealed that the composite material was degraded more than pure HSA or Zn(II) complex; the inclusion of Zn(II) complex enhanced destabilization of folding of HSA.
关键词： IR‐FEL,TD‐DFT,human serum albumin,Schiff base,fluorescence,Zn(II) complex
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Protein-based microsphere biolasers fabricated by dehydration
摘要： Biolasers made of biological materials have attracted considerable research attention due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, and have the potential for biosensing and biointegration. However, the current fabrication methods of biolasers suffer from several limitations, such as complicated processing, time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly nature. In this study, a novel approach with green processes for fabricating solid-state microsphere biolasers has been demonstrated. By dehydration via a modified Microglassificationt technology, dye-doped bovine serum albumin (BSA) droplets could be quickly (less than 10 minutes) and easily changed into solid microspheres with diameters ranging from 10 mm to 150 mm. The size of the microspheres could be effectively controlled by changing either the concentration of the BSA solution or the diameter of the initial droplets. The fabricated microspheres could act as efficient microlasers under an optical pulse excitation. A lasing threshold of 7.8 mJ mm?2 and a quality (Q) factor of about 1700 to 3100 were obtained. The size dependence of lasing characteristics was investigated, and the results showed a good agreement with whispering gallery mode (WGM) theory. Our findings contribute an effective technique for the fabrication of high-Q factor microlasers that may be potential for applications in biological and chemical sensors.
关键词： microspheres,dehydration,whispering gallery mode,bovine serum albumin,biolasers
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Liquid crystal-based capacitive, electro-optical and dielectric biosensors for protein quantitation
摘要： The electrical, electro-optical and dielectric properties of liquid crystals (LCs) are routinely manipulated in liquid-crystal display (LCD) devices, but their potential application in the development of biosensors is still in a nascent stage. In this review, utilising the electrical properties, electro-optical effect and dielectric anisotropy in LCs, we provide insights into several possible modes of label-free biodetection and describe how capacitance, electro-optical and dielectric measurements of various LCs assist in quantitative analysis of biomolecules. It is concluded that the electrically induced biosensing techniques proposed here provides new incentives for researchers to study the interaction between LCs and biomolecules and to resolve technical hurdles facing the development of LC-based biosensors.
关键词： bovine serum albumin,biosensing,dielectric spectroscopy,Electro-optical measurement,protein,capacitance
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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New 55Co-labeled Albumin-Binding Folate Derivatives as Potential PET Agents for Folate Receptor Imaging
摘要： Overexpression of folate receptors (FRs) on di?erent tumor types (e.g., ovarian, lung) make FRs attractive in vivo targets for directed diagnostic/therapeutic agents. Currently, no diagnostic agent suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) has been adopted for clinical FR imaging. In this work, two 55Co-labeled albumin-binding folate derivatives-[55Co]Co-cm10 and [55Co]Co-rf42-with characteristics suitable for PET imaging have been developed and evaluated. High radiochemical yields (≥95%) and in vitro stabilities (≥93%) were achieved for both compounds, and cell assays demonstrated FR-mediated uptake. Both 55Co-labeled folate conjugates demonstrated high tumor uptake of 17% injected activity per gram of tissue (IA/g) at 4 h in biodistribution studies performed in KB tumor-bearing mice. Renal uptake was similar to other albumin-binding folate derivatives, and liver uptake was lower than that of previously reported [64Cu]Cu-rf42. Small animal PET/CT images con?rmed the biodistribution results and showed the clear delineation of FR-expressing tumors.
关键词： folate receptors,cobalt-55,PET imaging,albumin binder,ovarian cancer,folic acid
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Fluorescence ON-OFF switching, Boolean logic gates like behavior of carbon quantum dots and highly sensitive bovine serum albumin sensing
摘要： We demonstrate ?uorescence “ON-OFF” switching and photonic logic gates based on ?uorescence response of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in the presence of graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). We study the excited state electron and energy transfer interactions among the carbon based materials in detail through steady state ?uorescence (SSF) and time resolved ?uorescence (TRF) spectroscopy. CQDs function as donor; GO and RGO function as acceptors. SSF results show the ?uorescence “turn-OFF” behavior of CQDs in the presence of GO and RGO, and the reason is explained through Stern-Volmer plots. TRF results reveal a decrease in the decay time components of CQDs in the presence of GO and RGO. The gradual recovery of quenched ?uorescence of CQDs is observed by the addition of BSA at nanomolar concentrations which shows the highly sensitive “turn-ON” BSA sensing. Single input and two inputs photonic logic gates are implemented based on the ?uorescence response of CQDs in the presence of GO, RGO, and BSA in di?erent input combinations. The NOT, PASS1, NOR, and IMPLICATION gates like behavior of CQDs is demonstrated.
关键词： bovine serum albumin sensing,fluorescence ON-OFF switching,carbon quantum dots,Boolean logic gates
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Dynamic intermolecular interactions control adsorption from mixtures of natural organic matter and protein onto titanium dioxide nanoparticles
摘要： Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) will obtain macromolecular coatings in environmental systems, changing their subsequent interactions. The matrix complexity inherent in natural waters and wastewaters greatly complicates prediction of the corona formation. Here, we investigate corona formation on titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs from mixtures of natural organic matter (NOM) and a protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), to thoroughly probe the role of mixture interactions in the adsorption process. Fundamentally different coronas were observed under different NP exposure conditions and time scales. In mixtures of NOM and protein, the corona composition was kinetically determined, and the species initially co-adsorbed but were ultimately limited to monolayers. On the contrary, sequential exposure of the NPs to pure solutions of NOM and protein resulted in extensive multilayer formation. The intermolecular complexation between NOM and BSA in solution and at the NP surface was the key mechanism controlling these distinctive adsorption behaviors, as determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and in situ attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Overall, this study demonstrates that dynamic intermolecular interactions and the history of the NP surface must be considered together to predict corona formation on NPs in complex environmental media.
关键词： corona formation,adsorption,bovine serum albumin,Engineered nanoparticles,titanium dioxide nanoparticles,natural organic matter,intermolecular interactions
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Luminophore Formation in Various Conformations of Bovine Serum Albumin by Binding of Gold(III)
摘要： The purpose of the presented protocols is to study the process of Au(III) binding to BSA, yielding conformation change-induced red fluorescence (λem = 640 nm) of BSA-Au(III) complexes. The method adjusts the pH to show that the emergence of the red fluorescence is correlated with the pH-induced equilibrium transitions of the BSA conformations. Red fluorescent BSA-Au(III) complexes can only be formed with an adjustment of pH at or above 9.7, which corresponds to the "A-form" conformation of BSA. The protocol to adjust the BSA to Au molar ratio and to monitor the time-course of the process of Au(III) binding is described. The minimum number of Au(III) per BSA, to produce the red fluorescence, is less than seven. We describe the protocol in steps to illustrate the presence of multiple Au(III) binding sites in BSA. First, by adding copper (Cu(II)) or nickel (Ni(II)) cations followed by Au(III), this method reveals a binding site for Au(III) that is not the red fluorophore. Second, by modifying BSA by thiol capping agents, another nonfluorophore-forming Au(III) binding site is revealed. Third, changing the BSA conformation by cleaving and capping of the disulfide bonds, the possible Au(III) binding site(s) are illustrated. The protocol described, to control the BSA conformations and Au(III) binding, can be generally applied to study the interactions of other proteins and metal cations.
关键词： gold,fluorescence,Chemistry,Synthesis,conformation,Issue 138,bovine serum albumin,BSA,Au,pH
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Lectins at Interfaces—An Atomic Force Microscopy and Multi-Parameter-Surface Plasmon Resonance Study
摘要： Lectins are a diverse class of carbohydrate binding proteins with pivotal roles in cell communication and signaling in many (patho)physiologic processes in the human body, making them promising targets in drug development, for instance, in cancer or infectious diseases. Other applications of lectins employ their ability to recognize specific glycan epitopes in biosensors and glycan microarrays. While a lot of research has focused on lectin interaction with specific carbohydrates, the interaction potential of lectins with different types of surfaces has not been addressed extensively. Here, we screen the interaction of two specific plant lectins, Concanavalin A and Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin-I with different nanoscopic thin films. As a control, the same experiments were performed with Bovine Serum Albumin, a widely used marker for non-specific protein adsorption. In order to test the preferred type of interaction during adsorption, hydrophobic, hydrophilic and charged polymer films were explored, such as polystyrene, cellulose, N,-N,-N-trimethylchitosan chloride and gold, and characterized in terms of wettability, surface free energy, zeta potential and morphology. Atomic force microscopy images of surfaces after protein adsorption correlated very well with the observed mass of adsorbed protein. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy studies revealed low adsorbed amounts and slow kinetics for all of the investigated proteins for hydrophilic surfaces, making those resistant to non-specific interactions. As a consequence, they may serve as favorable supports for biosensors, since the use of blocking agents is not necessary.
关键词： lectin,gold,adsorption,bovine serum albumin,polystyrene,surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy,cellulose thin film
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36