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Plasma treatment of zinc oxidea??nanoparticles:polyaniline blend as an active layer for the hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cell applications
摘要： In this experimental work, plasma treatment of the active layer in the bulk heterojunction solar cells was studied. The active layers consisting of zinc oxide nanoparticles:polyaniline were spin-coated on indium tin oxide covered glasses then kept in the cold plasma medium for different treatment times. The J-V characteristics were considered under air mass 1.5G standard illumination, and variations of the open-circuit voltages and short circuit currents were studied under different treatment times. The results show that there is an optimum treatment time to improve the properties of the layers. In order to understand the origin of this effect, the Hall coefficient, along with ultraviolet-visible spectra were measured, and for studying the topological impact of plasma on the surface of the layers, atomic force microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were considered. The measurements confirmed the time dependency of the open-circuit voltages and short circuit currents of the cells on the plasma treatment times. Atomic force microscopy of the layers shows the significant topological effects of the plasma treatments on the surface of the active layers for different treatment times.
关键词： plasma applications,photovoltaic cells,hybrid solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A Multiparametric Evaluation of Quantum Dot Size and Surface-Grafted Peptide Density on Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity
摘要： Despite the progress in nanotechnology for biomedical applications, great efforts are still being employed in optimizing nanoparticle (NP) design parameters to improve functionality and minimize bionanotoxicity. In this study, we developed CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) that are compact ligand-coated and surface-functionalized with an HIV-1-derived TAT cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) analog to improve both biocompatibility and cellular uptake. Multiparametric studies were performed in different mammalian and murine cell lines to compare the effects of varying QD size and number of surface CPPs on cellular uptake, viability, generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial health, cell area, and autophagy. Our results showed that the number of cell-associated NPs and their respective toxicity are higher for the larger QDs. Meanwhile, increasing the number of surface CPPs also enhanced cellular uptake and induced cytotoxicity through the generation of mitoROS and autophagy. Thus, here we report the optimal size and surface CPP combinations for improved QD cellular uptake.
关键词： cellular uptake,mitochondrial health,cytotoxicity,biomedical applications,reactive oxygen species,nanotechnology,autophagy,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Two-dimensional transition metal carbide and nitride (MXene) derived quantum dots (QDs): synthesis, properties, applications and prospects
摘要： The progress of two-dimensional (2D) MXene-derived QDs (MQDs) is in the early stages, but the materials have aroused great interest due to their high electrical conductivity, abundant active catalytic sites, easily tunable structure, satisfactory dispersibility, remarkable optical properties, good biocompatibility, manifold functionalizations, and so on. However, up to now, there is still no review paper on MQDs. Herein, the research advances of MQDs, including their synthetic routes (top-down and bottom-up methods), properties (structural, electronic, optical and magnetic properties), functionalizations (surface modifications, heteroatom doping and the construction of composites) and applications (sensing, biomedical, catalysis, energy storage and optoelectronic devices etc.), are critically highlighted, and the future prospects and challenges of MQDs are discussed. This review will serve as a one-stop point for comprehending the most advanced developments of MQDs, and will hopefully enlighten researchers to employ MQDs for satisfying the growing requirements of the diverse applications.
关键词： transition metal carbide,MXene,prospects,properties,nitride,Two-dimensional,applications,synthesis,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Stability, reliability, upscaling and possible technological applications of Kesterite solar cells
摘要： We review the stability and reliability results of Kesterite (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, CZTSSe) based solar cells and we complete the reviewed data with additional as yet unpublished data on these matters. We also review published and new data on upscaling and the possible technological applications for this material. The Kesterite material is composed of mainly earth abundant elements and therefore very attractive for large scale applications. Stability data are so far quite scarce and the main results are the accelerated ageing tests carried out for the CZTSSe monograin technology, as well as yet unpublished data on long indoors and outdoors irradiance tests carried out on thin film CZTSSe technology deposited by a wet processing method. On upscaling and technological applications we point out the works on three main large scale photovoltaic technologies (monograin, in-line vacuum thin film, and wet-deposited thin film), as well as some work on water splitting applications.
关键词： applications,Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4,Kesterite,stability,review,photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Spatially Controlled Lateral Heterostructures of Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides toward Atomically Thin and Multi-Functional Electronics
摘要： Edge contacts between two-dimensional (2D) materials in the in-plane direction can achieve minimal contact area and low contact resistance, producing atomically thin devices with improved performance. Specifically, lateral heterojunctions of metallic graphene and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit small Schottky barrier heights due to graphene’s low work-function. However, issues exist with fabrication of highly transparent and flexible multi-functional devices utilizing lateral heterostructures (HSs) of graphene and TMDs via spatially controlled growth. This review demonstrates growth and electronic applications of lateral HSs of graphene and TMDs, highlighting key technologies controlling wafer-scale growth of continuous films for practical applications. It deepens the understanding of the spatially controlled growth of lateral HSs using chemical vapor deposition methods, and also contribute to the applications for the scale-up of all-2D electronics with ultra-high electrical performance.
关键词： electronic applications,graphene,lateral heterostructures,chemical vapor deposition,transition metal dichalcogenides
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Quantum cascade laser based, fiber coupled demultiplexed mid-infrared local oscillator for cryogenic applications
摘要： We have developed a fiber coupled demultiplexed local oscillator (LO) source for cryogenic applications based on a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (QCL) at an operating wavelength of 10.6 μm. The coupling scheme relies on the combination of a phase grating generating multiple LO beams and a polycrystalline fiber delivering the demultiplexed LO signal to a superconducting mixer at 4 K in a closed-cycle cryostat. This scheme eases the use of a beam splitter in front of the mixer. Reflection phase grating generating 2 × 2 beams has been achieved with a total power efficiency of 64% based on a gold covered etched silicon nanostructure. The diffraction beam has been readily coupled into a 2 m long polycrystalline fiber, where a single-lobe circular beam has been delivered at the fiber output. By aligning the fiber core position to the center of a superconducting hot electron bolometer mixer at the rear side, we demonstrate the application of a fiber coupled demultiplexed QCL source for pumping the superconducting mixer with adequate LO power.
关键词： cryogenic applications,fiber coupled,local oscillator,quantum cascade laser,mid-infrared
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Tailoring of Bandgap to Tune the Optical Properties of Ga1?xAlxY (Y = As, Sb) for Solar Cell Applications by Density Functional Theory Approach
摘要： The bandgap was tuned to investigate the electronic and optical aspects using first-principle calculations for solar cells and other optical applications. The bandgap range varies from 1.6 to 2.1 eV for Ga1?xAlxAs and from 0.8 to 1.5 eV for Ga1?xAlxSb (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0). The dispersion, polarisation, and attenuation have been illustrated in terms of transparency and maximum absorption of light. The inversion of polarised atomic planes near the resonance allows the maximum absorption in ultraviolet to visible region. The Penn’s model (ε1(0) ≈ 1 + ((cid:126)ωp/Eg)2) and optical relation ε1(0) = n2(0) confirm the reliability of our finding. The maximum absorption, optical conduction, and minimum optical energy loss increase the credibility of the studied materials for energy storage device manufacture.
关键词： Bandgap Tune,Optical Properties,Semiconductors,Solar Cells Applications
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effect of chlorination and fluorination of benzothiadiazole on the performance of polymer solar cells
摘要： In order to explore the effects of chlorine and fluorine on photophysical properties and the differences, in this work, we synthesized five new polymers, P1–P5, in which benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene as the electron donating and benzothiadiazole as electron withdrawing. Analysis of these five polymers showed that the introduction of Cl and F atoms can deeper the highest occupied molecular orbital of these polymers and enhance the absorption of light by the species, thereby improving Voc and Jsc. Chlorination has a stronger ability to reduce energy levels and broaden the absorption spectrum compared to fluorination. Among them, P2 showed an efficiency of 4.08% with Jsc of 11.28 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.79 V, and fill factor (FF) of 0.45. Since chlorination is easier than fluorination in terms of synthesis, it is advantageous for practical applications. Therefore, we think that chlorination should not be ignored when designing high efficiency photovoltaic materials, especially when their fluorinated counterparts have proven to have good properties.
关键词： optical properties,copolymers,optical and photovoltaic applications
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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MAPbI <sub/>3</sub> Self‐Recrystallization Induced Performance Improvement for Oxygen‐Containing Functional Groups Decorated Carbon Nanotube‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The specific interactions (i.e., molecular recognitions) between receptors at membrane and ligands at the extracellular matrix (ECM) are crucial in various cellular processes [1]. The occurrence of these molecular recognitions as a consequence of ECM remodeling gives rise to specific cell-signaling and intracellular cascades. Therefore the natural receptor(cid:1)ligand interactions are central in physiology and pathological processes. From the point of view of materials science, the specific binding of natural receptors to targeted ligands also shows great promise in the design of biomaterials with advanced affinity [2]. Despite the successful development of a plethora of biomaterials or biomedical devices based on natural receptor(cid:1)ligand interactions in the last decade, natural species like proteins or DNAs still have inherent drawbacks [3,4]. First, the chemical and physical stability and shelf life of natural receptors or antibodies are limited, which restricts their applications in nonphysiological environments. Second, it is expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive to isolate and purify them from nature or by biochemical synthesis. Finally, practical requirements in materials science are more extensive than the limited yield, functions, and diversity in currently available molecular recognition in nature. As a result, an advanced material design with more durable and robust receptor-like substitutions is sought [5].
关键词： Bioaffinity,Synthetic Receptors,Affinity Screening,Molecular Imprinting,Biomedical Applications
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Effects of Fabrication Atmosphere on Bulk and Back Interface Defects of CdTe Solar Cells with CdS and MgZnO Buffers
摘要： A technique to estimate tropical cyclone (TC) current intensity based on geostationary satellite infrared window (IRW) and water vapor (WV) imagery is explored in this paper. First, to combine the advantages of the IRW imagery and the WV minus IRW (WV-IRW) imagery, a WV-IRW-to-IRW ratio (WIRa)-based indicator is proposed. This indicator not only can display the inner-core convection’s symmetrization level and vigor but also is able to screen out thin cirrus, stratospheric WV anomaly, and overshooting tops from average deep convection. It is highly correlated with the best track minimum sea-level pressure and thus used to estimate the western North Pacific TC current intensity. Detailed analyses have demonstrated that the WIRa-based indicator can further improve the estimation of TC current intensity alongside the existing algorithms. The WIRa-based indicator is designed based on the hypothesis that “overshooting top is more useful for forecasting than initial estimation,” and the satisfying results of the WIRa-based method perhaps provide indirect evidence to support this hypothesis in turn.
关键词： tropical cyclone,Meteorology,remote sensing,satellite applications
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59