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Using differential spread laser infrared thermography to detect delamination and impact damage in CFRP
摘要： In this paper, the feasibility of differential spread laser infrared thermography (DSLIT) to detect delamination and impact damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is investigated. The proposed method can significantly eliminate the influence of the uneven laser energy distribution and improve the detectability of laser infrared thermography. First, numerical simulation is carried out following the procedure of DSLIT to verify the feasibility of this method. Secondly, through experiments on the detection of defects both in practical aviation CFRP and common CFRP, the feasibility of DSLIT is confirmed. For the common CFRP, this technique has excellent performance: a defect at a depth of 2.5 mm was detected successfully, with the width-to-depth ratio reaches to 2.4. Comparatively speaking, the defect detection results for the aviation CFRP are not as good as those for the common CFRP. However, defects at a depth of 1.125 mm were detected, with the width-to-depth ratio reaching 2.67. In addition, defects caused by a low-velocity impact in practical aviation CFRP were successfully detected. Finally, the thermal data were processed by image processing methods such as sequence differential preprocessing (SDP), phase analysis (PA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to enhance the defect imaging results.
关键词： Laser infrared thermography,Delamination,Impact damage,Differential processing,Aviation CFRP
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Airline Head-Up Display Systems: Human Factors Considerations
摘要： As the key source of information for pilots, the human visual system has necessarily driven much of the evolution in cockpit technology. In contrast to the complicated, gauge-based systems of the past, the electronic flight displays of today’s modern airliners are testament to advances in human factors engineering. The next step in flight instrumentation, although already used for some 50 years in the military, is just beginning to emerge in civil transport aircraft. Head-up displays (HUDs) allow pilots to see key flight instrumentation while viewing the outside world. The need to look down at the flight instruments is removed by the HUD, resulting in increased situational awareness and greater precision in aircraft control. While the head-up display is a welcome development, as with many instances of human-technology interface, the benefits provided by HUDs are not without potential drawbacks. The present report provides a thorough grounding in key areas of importance to the development and operation of HUD systems, including the human visual system, the history and development of conventional cockpit instrumentation, and a summary of the technical aspects and human factors considerations relating to HUD systems. This basis is built upon with a more practical assessment of the HUD system used in a modern airliner, the Boeing 787.
关键词： aviation,Boeing 787,Attention capture,Head-up display,Airline,Visual attention,Human factors,Cognitive tunneling,HUD
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Measurement of UV radiation in commercial aircraft
摘要： Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) is significantly higher at aviation altitudes with respect to sea level due to weaker attenuation by the atmosphere. At higher flight levels clear sky conditions cause permanent direct sunlight during the daytime hours. The transmittance of cockpit windshields and the UVR exposure of pilots have become subject of research due to the association of UVR with cataracts, carcinoma, melanoma and accelerated skin aging. In this work, the spectral properties of several windshields under flight conditions are investigated. Only one of the investigated windshields showed good UV-A attenuation. Furthermore, the altitude dependence of UV-A irradiance behind a windshield was measured with high spatial resolution. Measurements of the maximal UV irradiance behind the windshield surfaces and at the pilot’s position are compared to the recommendations by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Some recommended limits were exceeded at the surface of the windshields with direct sunlight and a large field of view. At the pilot’s position, with a more realistic field of view, the unweighted recommended level could have been exceeded within tens of minutes by looking in the direction of the Sun without visor or other protective measures. The weighted recommended maximal UVR exposure was not exceeded, neither with the use of the visor at the pilot’s position nor without it. The use of the visor for filtering direct sunlight was very effective in terms of UV-A reduction.
关键词： Aircraft Windshield,Aviation,Ultraviolet Radiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[ACM Press the 2018 ACM Symposium - Warsaw, Poland (2018.06.14-2018.06.17)] Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications - ETRA '18 - Training operational monitoring in future ATCOs using eye tracking
摘要： Improved technological possibilities continue to increase the significance of operational monitoring in air traffic control (ATC). The role of the air traffic controller (ATCO) will change in that they will have to monitor the operations of an automated system for failures. In order to take over control when automation fails, future ATCOs will need to be trained. While current ATC training is mainly based on performance indicators, this study will focus on the benefit of using eye tracking in future ATC training. Utilizing a low-fidelity operational monitoring task, a model of how attention should be allocated in case of malfunction will be derived. Based on this model, one group of ATC novices will receive training on how to allocate their attention appropriately (treatment). The other group will receive no training (control). Eye movements will be recorded to investigate how attention is allocated and if the training is successful. Performance measures will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the training.
关键词： air traffic control,Monitoring,aviation,eye movements,training,automation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Rare earth element, Sm, modified graphite phase carbon nitride heterostructure for photocatalytic hydrogen production
摘要： Establishing a secure, smooth, open, shared and intelligent information data system for civil aviation is the objective requirement of building a powerful country of civil aviation. Firstly, the characteristics and classification of civil aviation information data were systematically studied. Then, the existing problems in the current information exchange and application were analyzed. From three aspects of dynamic data fusion, static data management and specific data analysis, the management and application of civil aviation information data in the U.S. were systematically described. Finally, combined with the actual situation of China, the management and improvement of civil aviation operation information data were proposed and prospected.
关键词： air traffic control,civil aviation,SWIM,operation information data,informatization
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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A comparison between laser ceilometers at Hong Kong International Airport
摘要： The Vaisala LD12 ceilometer has been in use at the meteorological garden at Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) since its opening in mid-1998. Another model, the LD40, was installed at the airport in the early 2000s. These instruments are mainly used for providing cloud base height measurements for reference in aviation weather reporting. The data are available on several platforms, including the aerodrome meteorological observing system and a web-based self-briefing system for pilots. Technical support for the LD12 and LD40 models is no longer provided by the manufacturer, and they are due to be replaced at HKIA by a new model with the latest laser ceilometer technology, such as the CL31. To assure continuity of cloud base height measurement, a field comparison between the LD12 and the CL31 was conducted at the meteorological garden at HKIA between July 2010 and June 2011. Another field comparison was performed between the LD40 and the CL31 over a period of 2 years from January 2016 to December 2017. In each comparison, the two ceilometers were separated by about 10m and were pointing vertically upwards without mutual interference. Photographs of the ceilometer field comparison setups are shown in Figure 1. This paper describes the analysis of the ceilometer data for the assurance of continuity of cloud base height measurements following the equipment change. It is hoped that the findings presented here might provide a useful reference for other airports implementing similar equipment replacements.
关键词： ceilometer,CL31,LD40,Hong Kong International Airport,aviation meteorology,cloud base height,LD12
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04