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A Photon-Responsive Antibacterial Nanoplatform for Synergistic Photothermal-/Pharmaco- Therapy of Skin Infection
摘要： Abuse of antibiotics and their residues in the environment result in the emergence and prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria and lead to serious health problems. Herein, a photon-controlled antibacterial platform that can efficiently kill drug-resistant bacteria and avoid the generation of new bacterial resistance was designed by encapsulating black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) and pharmaceutical inside a thermal-sensitive liposome. The antibacterial platform can release pharmaceutical in a spatial-, temporal- and dosage-controlled fashion since the BPQDs can delicately generate heat under near-infrared (NIR) light stimulation to disrupt the liposome. This user-defined delivery of drug can greatly reduce the antibiotic dosage, thus avoiding the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and preventing the generation of superbugs. Moreover, by coupling the photothermal effect with antibiotics, this antibacterial platform achieved a synergistic photothermal-/pharmaco- therapy with significantly improved antibacterial efficiency towards drug-resistant bacteria. The antibacterial platform was further employed to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria-caused skin abscess and it displayed excellent antibacterial activity in vivo, promising its potential clinical applications. Additionally, the antibacterial mechanism was further investigated. The developed photon-controlled antibacterial platform can open new possibilities for avoiding bacterial resistance and efficiently killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making it valuable in fields ranging from anti-infective therapy to precision medicine.
关键词： black phosphorus,drug-resistant bacteria,skin abscess,liposome,photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Intrinsic correlation between electronic structure and degradation: from few layers to bulk black phosphorus
摘要： Black phosphorus (BP) has received much attention due to its fascinating properties, such as a high mobility and tunable band gap which covers the band gap lacuna between graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides. However, these advantages have been overshadowed due to the fast degradation of BP in ambient conditions. To overcome this obstacle, the degradation mechanisms should be unveiled with direct observation followed by a thorough analysis. Here, we reveal two sequential degradation processes and layer-dependent degradation rates of BP under dark conditions by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) measurements and theoretical modeling. The layer-dependent degradation is successfully interpreted with the oxidation model based on the Marcus-Gerischer theory (MGT). Under dark conditions, the electron transfer rate from BP to oxygen molecule depends on the number of layers that give different carrier concentrations. The oxidation rate is strongly dependent on the number of layers, and thus carrier concentrations. This suggests the possibility of stability improvement by carrier modulation. This work not only provides a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanism itself but also suggest new strategies for stable BP-based electronics design.
关键词： oxidation model,work function,degradation,black phosphorus,Marcus-Gerischer theory
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Azide Passivation of Black Phosphorus Nanosheets: Covalent Functionalization Affords Ambient Stability Enhancement
摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) has been attracting ever-growing interest due to its unique band structure, but suffers from low ambient stability owing to its high reactivity to oxygen. Covalent functionalization has been demonstrated to passivate the reactive BP effectively, however the reported covalent functionalization methods are quite limited to aryl diazonium and nucleophilic additions affording P-C and P-O-C single bonds, for which the retaining of one unpaired electron in the Group-VA phosphorus atom hampers the passivation effect. Herein, we report for the first time covalent azide functionalization of BP nanosheets (BPNSs), leading to significant enhancement of the ambient stability of BP as confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopic studies. The most stable configuration of the azide functionalized BPNSs is predicted by theoretical calculations, featuring the grafting of benzoic acid moiety onto BPNSs (f-BPNSs) via the unprecedented P=N double bonds formed through in-situ nitrene as a reactive intermediate.
关键词： covalent functionalization,2D nanosheets,nitrene,black phosphorus,azide
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Near-infrared light control of bone regeneration with biodegradable photothermal osteoimplant
摘要： Mild heat stimulation can promote the restoration of bone defects but unfortunately, the delivery of exo-hyperthermy into human body is not efficient enough. In this study, mild heat-induced osteogenesis with high efficacy is demonstrated on an osteoimplant composed of black phosphorus nanosheets and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (BPs@PLGA) with the participation of near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. BPs@PLGA with only 0.2 wt% BPs show the highly-efficient NIR photothermal response even when being covered by a biological tissue as thick as 7 mm. In addition, this composite is completely biodegradable and the final degradation products are harmless H2O, CO2 and PO4 3- which can serve as necessary bone ingredient. The BPs@PLGA specimen mediated by low intensity and periodic NIR irradiation can effectively up-regulate the expressions of heat shock proteins and finally promote osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Boasting good biodegradability and NIR-mediated osteogenetic performances, the BPs@PLGA implant has great potential in orthopedic applications and this study provides new insights into the design and fabrication of new-style osteoimplants which can be remotely controlled.
关键词： black phosphorus,tissue engineering,photothermal therapy,bone regeneration
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Revealing molecular-level surface redox sites of controllably oxidized black phosphorus nanosheets
摘要： Bulk and two-dimensional black phosphorus are considered to be promising battery materials due to their high theoretical capacities of 2,600 mAh g?1. However, their rate and cycling capabilities are limited by the intrinsic (de-)alloying mechanism. Here, we demonstrate a unique surface redox molecular-level mechanism of P sites on oxidized black phosphorus nanosheets that are strongly coupled with graphene via strong interlayer bonding. These redox-active sites of the oxidized black phosphorus are confined at the amorphorized heterointerface, revealing truly reversible pseudocapacitance (99% of total stored charge at 2,000 mV s?1). Moreover, oxidized black-phosphorus-based electrodes exhibit a capacitance of 478 F g–1 (four times greater than black phosphorus) with a rate capability of ~72% (compared to 21.2% for black phosphorus) and retention of ~91% over 50,000 cycles. In situ spectroelectrochemical and theoretical analyses reveal a reversible change in the surface electronic structure and chemical environment of the surface-exposed P redox sites.
关键词： energy storage,pseudocapacitance,graphene,black phosphorus,redox-active sites
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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3D reticulated carbon nitride materials high-uniformly capture 0D black phosphorus as 3D/0D composites for stable and efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
摘要： Black phosphorus has recently emerged as an excellent 2D semiconductor with high charge-carrier mobility and wide tunable bandgap for photocatalysis. In the research, a simple method was developed to manufacture reticulated carbon nitride materials (CN-4N). Utilizing the self-capturing property of CN-4N to catch the black phosphorus quantum dots (BQ) that were uniformly dispersed in aqueous solution, the BQ were successfully implanted into the interior surface of CN-4N, to form a unique structure instead of the normal exterior surface contact pattern. The optimized CN-4N(BQ) showed good stability and achieved an excellent hydrogen production rate of 13.83 mmol h?1 g?1, which was is 3.3 and 35.5 folds larger than that of CN-4N and bulk CN (NCN), respectively. The experimental results illustrated that greatly improved photocatalytic performance of CN-4N(BQ) was attributed to the joint actions of the abundant active sites provided by ultra-porous structures, the excellent vis-NIR absorption capability, the spatially separated reactive sites for the redox reaction, and the greatly enhanced photoinduced electron-hole separation efficiency. This research provides a novel insight for the rational fabrication of CN-based hybrids for various applications.
关键词： Black phosphorus,carbon nitride,photocatalysis,quantum dots,hydrogen evolution
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Complementary Black Phosphorus Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors
摘要： Band-to-band tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) have emerged as promising candidates for low-power integration circuits beyond conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and have been demonstrated to overcome the thermionic limit, that results intrinsically in subthreshold swings of at least 60 mV/dec at room temperature. Here we demonstrate complementary TFETs based on few-layer black phosphorus, in which multiple top gates create electrostatic doping in the source and drain regions. By electrically tuning the doping types and levels in the source and drain regions, the device can be reconfigured to allow for TFET or MOSFET operation and can be tuned to be n-type or p-type. Owing to proper choice of materials and careful engineering of device structures, record high current densities have been achieved in 2D TFETs. Full band atomistic quantum transport simulations of the fabricated devices agree quantitatively with the I-V measurements which gives credibility to the promising simulation results of ultra-scaled phosphorene TFETs. Using atomistic simulations, we project substantial improvements in the performance of the fabricated TFETs when channel thicknesses and oxide thicknesses are scaled down.
关键词： black phosphorus,TFET,low-power,reconfigurable,transistor,tunneling
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) - Austin, TX, USA (2018.9.24-2018.9.26)] 2018 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) - Design Guidelines and Limitations of Multilayer Two-dimensional Vertical Tunneling FETs for UltraLow Power Logic Applications
摘要： New designs for vertical 2D-materials-based TFETs are proposed in this paper adopting asymmetric layer numbers for the top and bottom layer with undoped source/drain using Black Phosphorus as an example. The results show that abrupt turn-on and Ion/Ioff > 105 can be sustained when the channel length is down to sub-5 nm. The results are benchmarked against other TFETs based on promising 2D materials homo-/hetero-structures, meanwhile, the limitations, as well as guidelines, are presented.
关键词： DFT,tunnel FETs,Non-equilibrium Green’s Function,TMDCs,black phosphorus,Two-dimensional Materials Heterojunctions
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Intrinsic correlation between electronic structure and degradation: from few layers to bulk black phosphorus
摘要： Black phosphorus (BP) has received much attention due to its fascinating properties, such as a high mobility and tunable band gap which covers the band gap lacuna between graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides. However, these advantages have been overshadowed due to the fast degradation of BP in ambient conditions. To overcome this obstacle, the degradation mechanisms should be unveiled with direct observation followed by a thorough analysis. Here, we reveal two sequential degradation processes and layer-dependent degradation rates of BP under dark conditions by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) measurements and theoretical modeling. The layer-dependent degradation is successfully interpreted with the oxidation model based on the Marcus-Gerischer theory (MGT). Under dark conditions, the electron transfer rate from BP to oxygen molecule depends on the number of layers that give different carrier concentrations. The oxidation rate is strongly dependent on the number of layers, and thus carrier concentrations. This suggests the possibility of stability improvement by carrier modulation. This work not only provides a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanism itself but also suggest new strategies for stable BP-based electronics design.
关键词： oxidation model,degradation,work function,Marcus-Gerischer theory,black phosphorus
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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The preparation of holey phosphorene by electrochemical assistance
摘要： Black phosphorus (BP), an emerging two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductor material, has been applied to various fields due to its excellent properties such as remarkable in-plane anisotropy, high carrier mobility, and high on-off ratio. It is well known that the properties of BP depend on its structure and morphology, and the nano-BP is usually superior to bulk BP in terms of application and performance. Up to now, the reported nano-BP with different structure and morphology only includes two-dimensional phosphorene and zero-dimensional BP quantum dots. It is very possible to develop nano-BP with a novel structure to improve the performance and expand its application. In this work, a novel phosphorene with a holey structure was prepared by electrochemical assistance for the first time. The obtained holey phosphorene was characterized by TEM, XPS, Raman, XRD, SEM, AFM and UV–Vis techniques. The relevant results indicate that the thickness of the synthesized holey phosphorene was 1–2 nm (ca. 1–2 layers), and the pore size ranges from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers.
关键词： Holey phosphorene,Black phosphorus,Electrochemical assistance
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14