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Impact of high resistivity transparent (HRT) layer in cadmium telluride solar cells from numerical simulation
摘要： In this study, Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) is utilized to examine the properties of cadmium telluride (CdTe) based solar cell. The key aim of this study is to explore the prospects of enhancing the ef?ciency of CdTe solar cells by adding a high resistivity transparent (HRT) layer to the conventional cell structure. For that purpose, novel HRT layer structures are suggested in CdTe solar cells between a cadmium sul?de (CdS) window layer and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer. Simulation results presented in this paper are from four proposed structures with three different HRT materials compared to the conventional design. The optimal parameters that offer the optimum functionality of the conventional design (SnO2/CdS/CdTe/MoTe2), with and without the HRT layer, are determined. Obtained results validate an enhancement in ef?ciency of the solar cell with Zn2SO4 as the HRT layer due to lower recombination loss and barrier height at the back contact region. The suggested cell with Zn2SO4 demonstrates an ef?ciency of 17.61% (Voc ? 0.92 V, Jsc ? 25.41 mA/cm2, FF ? 75.35), with only 20 nm HRT layer and 25 nm CdS as a window layer. In the meantime, the reference cell (no HRT layer) depicts an ef?ciency of 17.01% with 4000 nm thick CdTe as an absorber layer. However, the normalized ef?ciency of the suggested cells decreases linearly with increased temperature.
关键词： SCAPS-1D,solar cells,cadmium telluride,high resistivity transparent layer,numerical simulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Aerial Infrared Thermography of a CdTe Utility-Scale PV Power Plant
摘要： Aerial Infrared Thermography (aIRT) is a fast and flexible inspection method to monitor and assess utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants. The literature is abundant on aIRT for crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules, but very little investigation has been carried out and reported thin-film PV. As Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is currently the leading thin-film technology, and a good performer in warm and sunny climates, this paper aims to investigate the application of aIRT on CdTe PV plants in Brazil. Results demonstrate that aIRT is a reliable, cost-effective and fast method to detect faults on CdTe modules in large-scale PV plants.
关键词： Fault Inspection,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV),Photovoltaic Power Plants,Aerial Infrared Thermography (aIRT),Thin-Film,Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Higha??efficiency quantum dot lighta??emitting diodes with blue cadmiuma??free quantum dots
摘要： We report outstanding electroluminescence properties of high-efficiency blue cadmium-free quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LED). External quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.7% was achieved for QD-LED emitting at 428 nm. Furthermore, we developed high-efficiency and narrow wavelength emission zinc selenide (ZnSe) nanocrystals emitting at 445 nm and achieved QD-LED with an EQE of 10.7%. These new QDs have great potential to be used in next-generation QD-LED display with wide color gamut.
关键词： cadmium-free,blue quantum dot,QD-LED,EQE
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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X-Ray Analysis of Cadmium Oxide Nanostructured Films Synthesized with Different Precursor Molarities by Silar Method
摘要： Nanostructured cadmium oxide thin films have been synthesized onto suitably cleaned glass substrates by SILAR (successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction) method. X-ray diffraction study confirms the formation of nanocrystalline cubic phase of cadmium oxide in the films. Lattice constant is determined using Nelson Riley plots. Using X-ray broadening, crystallite sizes, lattice strain, stress and energy density were studied by using Williamson-Hall method and modified Williamson-Hall method. From literature review, it is seen that a number of researchers have applied these two methods for structural characterization of thin films of different nanocrystals, but till now modified Williamson-Hall method has not been used for CdO nanocrystals. Hence, we have used these methods for structural characterization of deposited CdO thin films. The ultra-high resolution transmission electron microscopic (UHRTEM) study shows that the shape of the particles is nearly spherical and the average particle size agrees well with the result obtained from X-ray diffraction study. Selected area electron diffraction patterns have also supported the formation of cubic phase of cadmium oxide.
关键词： Nelson-Riley plot,Cadmium oxide thin films,Williamson-Hall plot,Size-strain plot
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fragmentation of Magica??Size Cluster Precursor Compounds into Ultrasmall CdS Quantum Dots with Enhanced Particle Yield at Low Temperatures
摘要： Colloidal small-size CdS quantum dots (QDs) are produced usually with low particle yield, together with side products such as the particular precursor compounds (PCs) of magic-size clusters (MSC). Here, we report our synthesis of small-size CdS QDs without the coexistence of the PC and thus with enhanced particle yield. For a conventional reaction of cadmium oleate (Cd(OA)2) and sulfur (S) in 1-octadecene (ODE), we show that after the formation of the PC in the pre-nucleation stage, the addition of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) facilitates the production of small-size QDs. We demonstrate that TOPO fragmentizes the PC that have formed, which enables the nucleation and growth of small-size QDs even at room temperature. Our findings introduce a new approach to making small-size QDs without the coexistence of the PC and with improved particle yield. Providing experimental evidence for the two-pathway model proposed for the pre-nucleation stage of colloidal binary QDs, the present study aids in the advance of non-classical nucleation theory.
关键词： crystal growth,nucleation,cadmium sulfide,magic-size clusters,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fragmentation of Magica??Size Cluster Precursor Compounds into Ultrasmall CdS Quantum Dots with Enhanced Particle Yield at Low Temperatures
摘要： Colloidal small-size CdS quantum dots (QDs) are produced usually with low particle yield, together with side products such as the particular precursor compounds (PCs) of magic-size clusters (MSC). Here, we report our synthesis of small-size CdS QDs without the coexistence of the PC and thus with enhanced particle yield. For a conventional reaction of cadmium oleate (Cd(OA)2) and sulfur (S) in 1-octadecene (ODE), we show that after the formation of the PC in the pre-nucleation stage, the addition of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) facilitates the production of small-size QDs. We demonstrate that TOPO fragmentizes the PC that have formed, which enables the nucleation and growth of small-size QDs even at room temperature. Our findings introduce a new approach to making small-size QDs without the coexistence of the PC and with improved particle yield. Providing experimental evidence for the two-pathway model proposed for the pre-nucleation stage of colloidal binary QDs, the present study aids in the advance of non-classical nucleation theory.
关键词： crystal growth,nucleation,cadmium sulfide,magic-size clusters,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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ZnSe:Te/ZnSeS/ZnS Nanocrystals: An Access to Cadmium-Free Pure-Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： Cadmium-free quantum dots (QDs) are attracting considerable research attention because of their low toxicity. However, the bandgap of most cadmium-free QDs avoids the pure-blue region, which confers difficulty in realizing pure-blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). In this work, we successfully tuned the emission wavelength of ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots from the violet region (~ 420 nm) to the pure-blue region (450 – 460 nm) by doping Te into the ZnSe core. The ZnSe:0.03Te/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs sample with an emission position of 450 nm and quantum yield of 30% was the most balanced formula. To overcome the energy gap between the hole-transfer layer and QD layers, a specific hole-transfer layer was developed for normal-structure QLEDs. Such structure QLED by ZnSe:0.03Te/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs achieved the pure-blue light emission at 455 nm, a low turn-on voltage of 4.4 V, and external quantum efficiency of 0.33%. Overall, our cadmium-free QLED achieved pure-blue emission, revealing the potential of ZnSe-based pure-blue QLEDs for future displays.
关键词： Pure-blue emission,Cadmium-free,QLEDs,Quantum dots,ZnSe
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Cadmium Sulfide Quantum-Dot-Photocatalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Functionalized Difluoromethyl Chlorides with Unactivated Olefins
摘要： A cadmium sulfide quantum-dot-photocatalyzed C(sp3)?Cl bond cleavage of ethyl chlorodifluoroacetate and cascade cyclization with unactivated olefins is described herein. This reaction provides a cost-efficient method for synthesizing a wide range of CF2-containing azaheterocycles from functionalized difluoromethyl chlorides. Furthermore, the results of a preliminary anti-proliferative activity study indicate an in vitro anti-proliferative activity superior to that of doxorubicin with IC50 values of 1.140 μM on triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and 2.129 μM on lung (A549) carcinoma cells.
关键词： anti-proliferative activity,photocatalysis,C(sp3)-Cl activation,fluorine,cadmium sulfide quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Photoelectrochemical performances of Fe2O3 nanotube films decorated with cadmium sulfide nanoparticles via photo deposition method
摘要： Hematite is an appropriate compound for photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, passive surface state, high recombination rate of the photo induced electron-hole pairs and poor and slow charge transfer kinetics restrict the performance of hematite. In this work, CdS/Fe2O3NTs samples have been successfully prepared by coating of CdS nanoparticles on the surface of the self-organized Fe2O3NTs via photo deposition technique in order to enhance charge separation and charge transfer kinetics. FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), DRS (Diffraction Reflection Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) analyses have been used to characterize the CdS/Fe2O3NTs photoelectrodes obtained. CdS/Fe2O3NTs has an intense visible light absorption and displays a red-shift of the band edge in comparison with the bare Fe2O3NTs, according to DRS test. The photocurrent density of Fe2O3NTs increased approximately 5 times upon coating with CdS, as shown by photoelectrochemical measurements, indicating the significant role of the introduction of CdS in the enhancement of photo catalytic activity. CdS/Fe2O3NTs may be promising and effective photoanodes in PEC water splitting given their simple preparation and good performance.
关键词： Cadmium sulfide,Photo deposition,Fe2O3 nanotube,Photoelectrochemical water splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Synthesis, structure and photoluminescence properties of a three-dimensional cadmium(II) (4,5)-connected coordination network
摘要： The assembly of coordination polymers from metal ions and organic moieties is currently attracting considerable attention in crystal engineering due to their intriguing architectures and potential applications as functional materials. A new coordination polymer, namely poly[[(cid:2)2-trans-1,2-bis(pyridin-3-yl)-ethylene-(cid:3)2N:N0]bis((cid:2)4-4,40-oxydibenzoato-(cid:3)6O:O,O0:O00:O00,O000)dicadmium(II)], [Cd2(C14H8O5)2(C12H10N2)]n or [Cd2(4,40-OBB)2(3,30-BPE)]n, has been synthesized by the self-assembly of Cd(NO3)2(cid:2)4H2O, 4,40-oxydibenzoic acid (4,40-H2OBB) and trans-1,2-bis(pyridin-3-yl)ethene (3,30-BPE) under hydrothermal conditions. The title compound was structurally characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Each CdII centre is coordinated by six carboxylate O atoms from four different 4,40-OBB2(cid:3) ligands and by one pyridyl N atom form a 3,30-BPE ligand. Adjacent crystallographically equivalent CdII ions are bridged by 4,40-OBB2(cid:3) ligands, affording a two-dimensional [Cd(4,40-OBB)]n net extending in the ac plane. Neighbouring [Cd(4,40-OBB)]n nets are interlinked by 3,30-BPE along the b axis to form a three-dimensional (3D) [Cd2(4,40-OBB)2(3,30-BPE)]n coordination network. In the network, each CdII centre is linked by four different 4,40-OBB2(cid:3) ligands and one 3,30-BPE ligand. Meanwhile, each 4,40-OBB2(cid:3) ligand connects four separate CdII ions. Therefore, if the 4,40-OBB2(cid:3) ligands and CdII ions are considered as 4- and 5-connecting nodes, the structure of the title compound can be simplified as a 3D (4,5)-connected binodal framework with the rare (4462)(4466) TCS topology (Pearson, 1985; Blake et al., 2011). The thermal stability and photoluminescence properties of the title compound have also been investigated.
关键词： coordination polymer,crystal engineering,crystal structure,photoluminescence properties,TCS network,cadmium(II),topology
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01