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Engineering organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) to be sensitive cell-based biosensor through tuning of channel area
摘要： The barrier integrity of epithelial tissue is crucial to many physiological functions in multicellular organisms. Hence, several scientific techniques, such as epithelial voltohmmeter (EVOM) and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS), were developed to assess barrier function for in vitro assays. Organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), in particular, outperforms many biosensors because of its multiple advantages such as high transconductance, mixed ionic-electronic conductivity and high biocompatibility. Despite its extensive application in cell impedance sensing, little was reported on how its geometrical dimensions would affect the device performance and quality of cell-based measurement. In this work, OECTs in different dimensions were fabricated and characterized. Specifically investigated were their time and frequency responses towards the presence of epithelial cells (i.e. tightly packed colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line caco-2 and a novel leaky nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line NPC43). Results show that the sensitivity of cell-based measurement is closely related to the impedance of the whole cell-OECT system. The performance of cell-based sensor would be affected by the tightness of target cell and can be tuned by controlling the active area of OECT.
关键词： Conducting polymer,Frequency response,Biosensor,Impedance spectroscopy,Transepithelial electrical resistance,Organic electrochemical transistor
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Side chain dynamics in semiconducting polymer MEH‐PPV
摘要： The characteristic nanoscale dynamics of the alkyl side groups in the light-emitting polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(20-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] have been investigated using quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). The measurements were taken below the polymer’s glass transition (T ≤ Tg ’ 353 K), where the main backbone is in a rigid state and does not contribute to the broadening of the QENS signal. An analytical diffusion model consisting of a static term and two dynamical components, characterizing the flexible side groups, provide an excellent fit to the experimental data. The two observed dynamical processes are all localized in character, with no meaningful dependence on temperature. The faster process, with characteristic timescale of (cid:2)18 ps at room temperature (RT), can be linked to the average mobility of the terminal protons of the alkyl chain, while the slower process, with characteristic timescale of (cid:2)170 ps at RT, to those protons at the other end of the alkyl chain, closest to the backbone. While the fraction of mobile protons contributing to the QENS signal increases with increasing temperature, the characteristic timescale and confining volume within which the protons are able to move locally depend chiefly on the polymer conformational state. ? 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47394.
关键词： quasi-elastic neutron scattering,semi-conducting polymer,optical and photovoltaic applications,polymer dynamics,spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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GNRs/PPy/m-SiO2 Core/Shell Hybrids as Drug Nanocarriers for Efficient Chemo-Photothermal Therapy
摘要： Combination therapy as a novel strategy with the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy (photothermal-chemotherapy) has aroused the tremendously increasing interest owing to the synergistic therapeutic effect on destroying cancer cells since that the hyperthermia generated from photothermal therapy can promote drug delivery into tumors, which would highly increase therapeutic efficacy as compared to those sole treatments. Herein, we fabricated a novel nanomaterial-based carrier composed of GNRs, polypyrrole (PPy) and mesoporous silica to form GNRs/PPy/m-SiO2 core/shell hybrids. After loading the anticancer drug of doxorubicin (DOX), the photothermal effect and the drug-release behavior of GNRs/PPy@m-SiO2-DOX hybrids were investigated. The in vitro and in vivo near-infrared (NIR) photothermal-chemotherapy were also revealed. The results indicated the NIR-induced photothermal effect was beneficial to promote the release of the drug. In addition, combination therapy demonstrated the enhanced synergistic efficacy and excellent treatment efficacy for cancer therapy.
关键词： drug-controlled release,gold nanorod,mesoporous silica,combination therapy,photothermal,conducting polymer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Ratiometric Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Cytosensor Based on Conducting Polymer Hydrogel Loaded with Internal Standard Molecules
摘要： A sensitive and reliable bimodal electrochemiluminescent (ECL) system based on CdTe Quantum Dots (QDs) and luminol as double luminophores is constructed. CdTe QDs tagged with the aptamer (CdTe-Apt 2) of cancer cells are used as the detection signal, while luminol molecules are used as internal standards. The electrodeposited polyaniline based conducting polymer hydrogel (CPH) on the electrode surfaces improves the biocompatibility and conductivity of the sensing interfaces effectively. Furtherly, electron transfer is probably much easier when luminol and coreactant potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) immobilized in the CPH compared to that in solution. Cancer cells are captured to the electrode surface by another aptamer linked to the Au nanoparticles immobilized in the CPH through Au-S bonds. In the developed bimodal ECL system, internal standard method is used to quantify cancer cells by comparing the differences in sensitivity of the double-peak ECL signals with that of target analytes. The internal standard method of ECL strategy can provide very accurate detection results in complex environment because interferences in the system can be eliminated through the self-calibration of two emission spectra. A linear relation is found based on the ?ECLCdTe/?ECLluminol against the concentration of cancer cells within 100 to 6500 cells mL-1 under optimized conditions. The developed ratiometric ECL cytosensor with internal standard can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of cell assay in complex biological media, demonstrating promising applications in healthcare monitoring and clinical diagnostics.
关键词： Cytosensor,Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence,Internal standard method,Conducting Polymer Hydrogel,Cancer cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Bulk electronic transport impacts on electron transfer at conducting polymer electrode–electrolyte interfaces
摘要： Electrochemistry is an old but still flourishing field of research due to the importance of the efficiency and kinetics of electrochemical reactions in industrial processes and (bio-)electrochemical devices. The heterogeneous electron transfer from an electrode to a reactant in the solution has been well studied for metal, semiconductor, metal oxide, and carbon electrodes. For those electrode materials, there is little correlation between the electronic transport within the electrode material and the electron transfer occurring at the interface between the electrode and the solution. Here, we investigate the heterogeneous electron transfer between a conducting polymer electrode and a redox couple in an electrolyte. As a benchmark system, we use poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and the Ferro/ferricyanide redox couple in an aqueous electrolyte. We discovered a strong correlation between the electronic transport within the PEDOT electrode and the rate of electron transfer to the organometallic molecules in solution. We attribute this to a percolation-based charge transport within the polymer electrode directly involved in the electron transfer. We show the impact of this finding by optimizing an electrochemical thermogalvanic cell that transforms a heat flux into electrical power. The power generated by the cell increased by four orders of magnitude on changing the morphology and conductivity of the polymer electrode. As all conducting polymers are recognized to have percolation transport, we believe that this is a general phenomenon for this family of conductors.
关键词： thermogalvanic cell,electron transfer,conducting polymer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A new way to obtain black electrochromism: Appropriately covering whole visible regions by absorption spectra of the copolymers composed of EDOT and carbazole derivatives
摘要： There are limited numbers of studies in the literature about the materials show electrochromic properties between black and transparent. In this study, black-to-transmissive electrochromic materials have been obtained as a result of electrochemical co-polymerization of carbazole derivatives (Cz1 and Cz2) and EDOT. Homopolymer and copolymers synthesizing different monomer feed ratios have been characterized by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. Thus, a new simple and fast method for obtain black electrochromic material has been proposed.
关键词： copolymerization,electrochemistry,Black-electrochromic,conducting polymer,polycarbazole
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Self-assembled electrodes based on polyaniline grafted with reduced graphene oxide and polystyrene sulfonate
摘要： In this work, composites based on polyaniline (PAni) grafted with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were obtained by the in situ chemical polymerization of aniline with rGO (mass ratio of 1 and 2.5%) dispersed into the monomer solutions. PAni and its PAni-rGO composites were used to prepare self-assembled (SA) films by depositing them onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates with alternating layers of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), RAMAN spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oxidation states of PAni and its PAni-rGO composites were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Vis spectroscopy during the SA procedure. The electrochemical behavior of the obtained SA films was also characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS results showed a significant decrease in the polarization resistance (Rp), from 1020 to 302 Ω, for the film with 1% of rGO (PAni-1%rGO/PSS) when compared with its unmodified counterpart (PAni/PSS). The synergic effects observed for the PAni-1%rGO/PSS film showed that controlling the rGO mass ratio plays an important role in the improvement of the charge transfer processes, and that this electrode has potential for electrochemical applications, such as sensors and charge storage devices.
关键词： Conducting polymer composites,Polyaniline,Reduced graphene oxide,Self-assembly
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Charge transfer in Nanowire-Embedded PEDOT:PSS and Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells
摘要： Hybrid metallic nanowires-embedded, highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with synergetic properties is indispensable for enhancing the performances of conductive polymer-based electronic devices. Here we report embedment of silver nanowires (AgNWs), with diameter ~100 nm and a high concentration (500 mg/ml) of nanowires dispersed in either ethanol or isopropanol, in PEDOT:PSS and compare the effects of the nanowire-dispersing solvents as well as its thicker diameter and high concentration on the overall properties, and particularly its charge transfer characteristics and planar heterojunction solar cell (HSC) properties. Furthermore, electrostatic force microscopy is applied to elucidate the direct charge transfer from AgNWs to the PEDOT:PSS matrix. The AgNW-embedded PEDOT:PSS-based planar HSCs show a very high open-circuit voltage of over 638 mV and a high power conversion efficiency greater than 15.3%, and without any significant influence from the AgNWs dispersing solvents. While charge transfer in PEDOT:PSS without AgNWs occurs through the conducting PEDOT grains, enhanced charge transfer is realized in AgNW-embedded PEDOT:PSS with charge transport from PEDOT grains to AgNWs and then to PEDOT grains before reaching the top electrode in the HSC. The AgNW-embedded PEDOT:PSS hybrid materials pave a simple way to enhance the charge transfer performance in not only HSCs but also other hybrid or heterojunction electronics.
关键词： heterojunction solar cell,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene):polystyrenesulfonate or PEDOT:PSS,silver nanowire,Conducting polymer,electrostatic force microscopy,charge transfer
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimizing Lignosulfonic Acid-Grafted Polyaniline as a Hole-Transport Layer for Inverted CH <sub/>3</sub> NH <sub/>3</sub> PbI <sub/>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： A conducting polymer of lignosulfonic acid-grafted, polyaniline-doped camphorsulfonic acid (LS-PANI-CSA), created via a low-temperature solution process, has been explored as an efficient hole-transport layer (HTL) for inverted single cation?anion CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells. The performance of the solar cell was optimized in this study by tuning the morphology and work function of LS-PANI-CSA films using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent in treatment. Results showed that DMSO washing enhanced the electronic properties of the LS-PANI-CSA film and increased its hydrophobicity, which is very important for perovskite growth. The perovskite active layer deposited onto the DMSO-treated LS-PANI-CSA layer had higher crystallinity with large grain sizes (>5 μm), more uniform and complete surface coverage, and very low pinhole density and PbI2 residues compared to untreated LS-PANI-CSA. These enhancements result in higher device performance and stability. Using DMSO-treated LS-PANI-CSA as an HTL at 15 nm of thickness, a maximum 10.8% power conversion efficiency was obtained in ITO/LS-PANI-CSA/MAPbI3/PCBM/BCP/Ag inverted-device configurations. This was a significant improvement compared to 5.18% for devices based on untreated LS-PANI-CSA and a slight improvement over PEDOT:PSS-based devices with 9.48%. Furthermore, the perovskite based on treated LS-PANI-CSA showed the higher stability compared to both untreated LS-PANI-CSA and PEDOT:PSS HTL-based devices.
关键词： stability,hole-transport layer,hydrophobicity,perovskite solar cells,device performance,work function,lignosulfonic acid-grafted polyaniline,DMSO treatment,conducting polymer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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High-performance and -stability graphene quantum dots-mixed conducting polymer/porous Si hybrid solar cells with titanium oxide passivation layer
摘要： Recently, conducting polymer/Si hybrid solar cells (HSCs) based on simple fabrication processes are highly attractive due to their low cost, but low conductivity of the polymer, high reflection index of Si, and large recombination loss on the Si back contact are major drawbacks that should be solved for the practical applications. Here, we first report HSCs composed of graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-mixed poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:GQDs)/porous Si (PSi)/n-Si/titanium oxide (TiOx, back passivation layer). Maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.49 % is obtained from the HSCs at an active area of 5 mm2, resulting from the enhanced conductivity of the PEDOT:GQDs, the reduced reflectivity of Si (the increased absorption) by the formation of PSi, and the prevented recombination loss at the Si backside due to the passivation. In addition, the HSCs of 16 mm2 active area maintain ~78 % (absolutely from 8.03 to 6.28 %) of the initial PCE even while kept under ambient conditions for 15 days.
关键词： conducting polymer,passivation,hybrid solar cell,titanium oxide,porous Si,reflectivity,graphene quantum dot
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04