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Silicon nanocrystal hybrid photovoltaic devices for indoor light energy harvesting
摘要： Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) featuring size-dependent novel optical and electrical properties have been widely employed for various functional devices. We have demonstrated SiNC-based hybrid photovoltaics (SiNC-HPVs) and proposed several approaches for performance promotion. Recently, owing to the superiorities such as low power operation, high portability, and designability, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been extensively studied for their potential indoor applications as power sources. SiNCs exhibit strong light absorption below 450 nm, which is capable of sufficient photocurrent generation under UV irradiation. Therefore, SiNC-HPVs are expected to be preferably used for energy harvesting systems in indoor applications because an indoor light source consists of a shorter wavelength component below 500 nm than solar light. We successfully demonstrated SiNC-HPVs with a PCE as high as 9.7%, corresponding to the output power density of 34.0 mW cm?2 under standard indoor light irradiation (1000 lx). In addition, we have found that SiNC defects working as electron traps influence the electrical properties of SiNCs substantially, a thermal annealing process was conducted towards the suppression of defects and the improvement of the SiNC-HPVs performance.
关键词： Silicon nanocrystals,Power conversion efficiency,Indoor light energy harvesting,Thermal annealing,Hybrid photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improving the performance of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cell by engineering the ITO film thickness
摘要： In this work, the effects of tin doped indium oxide (ITO) thin films with different thicknesses (50 nm–476 nm) on the optoelectronic performance were investigated. Meanwhile, the sputtered ITO layers were annealed at 180°C for 60min under air atmosphere. The result indicated that the electro-optical properties of ITO films with the thickness (383 nm) were optimum, and the corresponding resistivity and average reflectance in the spectrum range (350–860 nm) were 4.73 × 10?4 Ω cm and lower than 20%, respectively. Finally, impacts of ITO layers with various thicknesses on the performance of CZTS solar cells were also studied. The open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CZTS solar cells had been increased significantly from 576 mV to 636 mV, from 15.8 mA/cm2 to 20.2 mA/cm2, from 31.2% to 43.4% and from 3.04% to 5.56%, respectively, and eventually the highest PCE of CZTS solar cell based on 383 nm ITO window layer thickness was 5.56%.
关键词： Power conversion efficiency,ITO films,Reflectance,Optoelectronic performance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Structure-Property Correlation Study for Organic Photovoltaic Polymer Materials Using Data Science Approach
摘要： A study workflow that utilizes several data science methods to apply on polymer materials databases is introduced to reveal correlations among their properties, structural information, or molecular descriptors. The data science methods used in this pipeline include unsupervised machine learning (ML) method self-organizing mapping (SOM) and polymer molecular descriptor generator, both of which have been tailored to fit the polymer materials study. To demonstrate how this pipeline can be applied in this context, we used it on an organic photovoltaic (OPV) donor polymer database to investigate which properties or structural factors positively correlate with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OPV materials. This led us to discover that among the studied 8 properties and 11 molecular descriptors, only the photon energy loss (Eloss) and the number of fluorine atoms (nF) show strong positive correlations with PCE values, which is consistent with other verified studies. We also discovered that research trends can also be statistically visualized using our method. In our case study, we found that most of the studied OPV donor materials in the database have branched side chains and typically 7 to 12 non-Hydrogen atoms, and high PCE materials usually have 6 to 9 aromatics rings as well. These results proved that the data science pipeline proposed in this study provides a fast and effective way to obtain research insights for polymer materials.
关键词： self-organizing mapping,data science,molecular descriptors,polymer materials,organic photovoltaic,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Carbazole Green and Blue-BODIPY Dyads and Triads as Donors for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Two BODIPY derivatives with one (B2) and two (B3) carbazole moieties were designed, synthesized and applied as electron-donor materials in organic photovoltaic cells (OPV). The optical and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated. These BODIPY dyes exhibit excellent solubility in organic solvents and present high molar extinction coefficients (1.37–1.48 x 105 M-1 cm-1) in solutions with absorption maxima at 586 nm for mono-styryl group and at 672 nm for di-styryl groups. The introduction of the styryl moieties result in a large bathochromic shift and a significant decrease in the HOMO-LUMO energy-gaps. The BODIPY dyes show relatively low HOMO energies ranging from -4.99 to -5.16 eV as determined from cyclic voltammetry measurements. Cyclic voltammetry measurements and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the frontier molecular orbital levels of these compounds match with PC71BM as the acceptors, supporting their application as donor materials in solution-processed small molecule bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. After the optimization of the active layer, B2:PC71BM and B3:PC71BM based organic solar cells showed the overall power conversion efficiency of 6.41% and 7.47%, respectively. The higher PCE of B3 based OSC is ascribed to the more balanced charge transport and exciton dissociation, better crystalline and molecular packing.
关键词： bulk heterojunction,Green and blue-BODIPY,electrochemistry,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Readily Accessible Benzo[d]thiazole Polymers for Nonfullerene Solar Cells with >16% Efficiency and Potential Pitfalls
摘要： Here we report facile, high-yield synthetic access to the difluoro BTA building block, 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-(2-hexyl-decyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2-(pentadecan-7-yl)-benzo[d]thiazole (BTAT-2f) for use in Donor (D)-Acceptor 1(A1)-D-Acceptor 2(A2) polymers [D = bithiophene, A1 = BTA-2f, A2 = benzothiadiazole (BT) derivative] for organic solar cells (OSCs). Fine tuning of polymer optical and electronic properties is achieved by incrementally varying the A2 fluorination level. Bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) PBTATBT-4f:Y6 solar cells deliver a noteworthy power conversion (PCE) efficiency of 16.08 % (Voc =0.81 V, Jsc =27.25 mAcm-2, FF =72.70 %) without processing additives. In contrast, PBTATBT-2f:Y6 exhibits an irregular morphology and low PCE, ascribable to co-crystal formation-induced recombination, which is unprecedented for non-fullerene (NFA) OSCs. This result should be of guiding significance for future NFA design.
关键词： Benzo[d]thiazole Polymers,Power Conversion Efficiency,Organic Solar Cells,Co-crystal Formation,Nonfullerene Solar Cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Review: Crystal Growth for High-Performance All-inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Recently, halide perovskites have become one of the most promising materials for solar cells owing to their outstanding photoelectric performance. Among them, metal halide all-inorganic perovskites (CsPbX3; where X denotes a halogen) show superior thermal and light stability. In particular, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) based on a CsPbX3 active layer has shown a steady increase from 2.7% to 19.03% with the improvement of the CsPbX3 crystal quality. In this review, we summarize methodologies that have been employed for controlling the growth of all-inorganic perovskite films so far, including precursor solution deposition, substrate modification, composition doping, and surface engineering. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of perovskite crystal characteristics on defects and perovskite film morphology, both of which are closely related to device performance. Finally, conclusions and perspectives are presented along with useful guidelines for developing all-inorganic pero-SCs with high PCE and robust stability.
关键词： light stability,halide perovskites,precursor solution deposition,all-inorganic perovskites,surface engineering,substrate modification,thermal stability,power conversion efficiency,CsPbX3,composition doping,solar cells,crystal growth
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Exploiting ternary blends for improved photostability in high efficiency organic solar cells
摘要： Ternary organic solar cells based on polymer donor and nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are delivering high power conversion efficiencies (PCE). Now, further improvement needs to be directed to enhance the operational lifetime of organic photovoltaics. Here, we selected three NFAs with different electron affinities and structural properties and found that the most crystalline third component, O-IDTBR, is selectively miscible within the acceptor phase. This reduced trap-assisted recombination and delivered a PCE of 16.6% and a fill factor of 0.76, compared to PM6:Y6 binary devices (15.2% PCE). Charge transport and recombination analyses revealed that O-IDTBR acts as a charge relay for improved charge transfer of both donor and acceptor materials leading to a more ordered transport. We find that minimizing traps formation in ternary devices deactivates light-induced traps upon full sun illumination (AM1.5G). As a result, ternary devices do not show any PCE drop in 225h, in comparison to binary cells which lose more than 60% of their initial performances.
关键词： photostability,nonfullerene acceptors,ternary organic solar cells,power conversion efficiency,charge transport
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Roll-to-Roll Slot-Die Coated P-I-N Perovskite Solar Cells Using Acetonitrile Based Single Step Perovskite Solvent System
摘要： Roll-to-roll coating of all active layers is demonstrated for a P-I-N perovskite solar cell stack, using a single step perovskite ink with an acetonitrile solvent system and flexible plastic substrate. A slot-die coating roll-to-roll process (with a common coating speed for all layers) is developed by using appropriate length meniscus guides as part of the coating head for each ink rheology. High performance devices are demonstrated with four roll-to-roll slot-die coated layers and evaporated top electrode. The drying conditions of the perovskite layer are optimized and found to be critical to achieving good performance. Multi solvent blend systems for the electron collection layer are developed that are more industrially compatible than the commonly used chlorobenzene solvent system and make use of a gradient of solvent volatilities to give both good macro film formation and rapid drying. A stabilised power conversion efficiency of 12.2% is demonstrated, that is the highest reported to date for devices with all layers other than the top electrode deposited roll-to-roll. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a roll-to-roll fabrication process for perovskite solar cells that could be transferred to a fully inline roll-to-roll process with all coating and drying stages made sequentially on one line running at a common coating speed and further demonstrates the potential to produce high efficiency photovoltaics using roll-to-roll fabrication methods.
关键词： Stabilised power conversion efficiency,Perovskite solar cells,Slot-die coating,Roll-to-roll,Acetonitrile solvent system
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Enhanced Photosensitization by Carbon Dots Co-adsorbing with Dye on p-Type Semiconductor (Nickel Oxide) Solar Cells
摘要： In this work, the effect of carbon dots (C-dots) on the performance of NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was explored. NiO nanoparticles (NPs) with a rectangular shape (average size: 11.4 x 16.5 nm) were mixed with C-dots, which were synthesized from citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA). A photocathode consisting of a composite of C-dots with NiO NPs (NiO@C-dots) was then used to measure the photovoltaic performance of a DSSC. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.85 % (430 nm LED@50 mWcm-2) was achieved by a DSSC fabricated via the adsorption of N719 sensitizer with a C-dot content of 12.5 wt% at a 1.5:1 EDA:CA molar ratio. This PCE value was far larger than the PCE value (2.44 or 0.152 %) obtained for a NiO DSSC prepared without the addition of C-dots or N719, respectively, indicating the synergetic effect by the co-adsorption of C-dots and N719. This synergetically higher PCE of the NiO@C-dots-based DSSC was due to the larger amount of sensitizer adsorbed onto the composites with a larger specific surface area and the faster charge transfer in the NiO@C-dots working electrode. In addition, the C-dots bound onto the NiO NPs shorten the bandgap of the NiO NPs due to energy transfer and give rise to faster charge separation in the electrode. The most important fact is that C-dots are the main sensitizer and N719 tightly adsorbed on C-dots and NiO behaves as an accelerator of a positive electron transfer and a restrainer of the electron-hole recombination. These results reveal that C-dots are a remarkable enhancer for NiO NPs in DSSCs, and that NiO@C-dots are the promising photovoltaic-electrode materials for DSSCs.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,power conversion efficiency,nickel oxide@carbon dots composite,Nickel oxide,carbon dot
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Enhanced stability of ?±-phase FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells by insertion of 2D (PEA)2PbI4 nanosheets
摘要： Methylammonium (MA) is one of the main obstacles that hold back the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite is a promising photovoltaic material for its higher thermal stability and smaller bandgap. However, despite the introduction of Cs+ in FAPbI3, the photoactive α-phase FAPbI3 can quickly transform into a non-perovskite hexagon phase δ-FAPbI3, which limits its use in perovskite solar cell. In this work, we show the dispersed of 2D (PEA)2PbI4 nanosheets into the Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 thin film successfully prevents the transformation of the α-phase Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 to the δ-phase. Because of the 2D (PEA)2PbI4 nanosheets, higher quality perovskite thin-film was obtained with longer carrier lifetime, lower trap state density, and enhanced stability. The resulting device reaches a high power conversion efficiency of 20.44%, which is one of the highest for MA-free perovskites and retains 82% of their initial efficiency after 800 h aging study.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,2D perovskite nanosheets,formamidinium,stability,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01