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- 2019
- charge – discharge energy efficiency
- Lithium-ion battery
- degradation diagnosis
- photovoltaic surplus energy
- working electric vehicle
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Ritsumeikan University
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Laser additive manufacturing of Zn-2Al part for bone repair: Formability, microstructure and properties
摘要： Zinc (Zn) alloys are promising bone repair materials due to their inherent degradability, favorable mechanical property and biocompatibility. In this investigation, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) known as a representative additive manufacturing technique was applied to fabricate Zn-2Al (wt.%) part for bone repair application. A low energy density (Ev) led to the formation of pores and resultant insufficient densification rate due to the high liquid viscosity within the molten pool. In contrast, a high Ev caused the evaporation of Zn powder and resultant failure of LPBF. With Ev increasing, the obtained grains and the precipitated lamellar eutectic structure contained η-Zn and α-Al phase became coarsened, which could be attributed to the enhanced heat accumulation and consequently decreased cooling rate. At optimized Ev of 114.28 J/mm3, fully dense Zn-2Al part with a densification rate of 98.3±1.4% was achieved, which exhibited an optimal hardness of 64.5±1.8 Hv, tensile strength of 192.2±5.4 MPa and a moderate corrosion rate of 0.14 mm/year. In addition, in vitro cell tests confirmed its good biocompability. This study indicated that LPBF processed Zn-2Al part was a potential material for bone repair.
关键词： Zn alloys,laser additive manufacturing,mechanical properties,degradation rate,biocompability
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Visible-Light Induced Photodegradation of Organic Contaminants in Water Using Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Modified Polypyrrole/Fly Ash Cenosphere Composite
摘要： Ternary nano-composites of polypyrrole/iron oxide/fly ash cenosphere (PPY/Fe3O4/FAC) were synthesized and used as magnetic photocatalyst. The synergistic effect of FAC, a buoyant carrier and polypyrrole, a conducting polymer enhanced the photocatalytic activity. Different composites were synthesized by varying the concentration of Fe3O4 and FAC to evaluate its effect on the photocatalytic properties of composites. The presence of Fe in Fe2+ and Fe3+ oxidation states at binding energies of 709.3 and 711.4 eV respectively was depicted by XPS curve. PPY/Fe3O4/FAC (1 : 3) composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity with rate constant (k) 0.0058 min–1. The removal efficiency of BPA was found to be around 75% and ~62% total organic content (TOC) was eliminated at optimized conditions from the solution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the cluster morphology of the PPY/Fe3O4/FAC nano-composites with ~6–10 nm size of Fe3O4. X-ray diffraction studies elucidated the characteristic peaks of both PPY and Fe3O4 at 2θ ~ 20°–30°, and 26.04°, respectively in the composites which also confirmed the interaction of PPY with Fe3O4.
关键词： photo-degradation,polypyrrole,XPS,Fe3O4,fly ash cenosphere
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Reusability and photocatalytic activity of bismuth-TiO2 nanocomposites for industrial wastewater treatment
摘要： In this study, bismuth-TiO2 nanotube (Bi-TNT) composites were used for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Bi-TNT were synthesized using two- and one-step anodization methods. The obtained composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the two-step Bi-TNT composites, we investigated the effect of different Bi deposition times, Bi concentrations, and Bi deposition voltages on photodegradation efficiency. For the one-step Bi-TNT composites, we investigated the effect of different anodization voltages, anodization times, and Bi concentrations. Initially, the optimal synthesis conditions for two- and one-step Bi-TNT catalysts were identified and then these optimized conditions were used for industrial wastewater treatment that was collected from Banwol Sihwa Industrial Complex Republic of Korea. The Bi-TNT two- and one-step composites showed 2.0 and 2.5 times higher photocatalytic activity, respectively, for industrial wastewater treatment than that of TNT in visible-light. Recycling of Bi-TNT composites showed that the one-step composite method was more efficient and stable than the two-step method because Bi coupling and nanotube formation simultaneously occurred.
关键词： Recycling,Two- and one-step methods,Visible-light,Pollutant degradation,Bi-TiO2 composite
更新于2025-11-21 11:01:37
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Electrochemical synthesis of Zn: ZnO/Ni2P and efficient photocatalytic degradation of Auramine O in aqueous solution under multi-variable experimental design optimization
摘要： Present work is devoted to synthesis Zn: ZnO/Ni2P by electrochemical method and identification and properties investigation by various techniques such as SEM, EDS, XRD and DRS. The experimental results reveal have ability for degradation of Auramine O (AO) following estimation of correlation among response to (main effect and variables interactions) variable like irradiation time, nanocomposite mass, pH and initial AO concentrations by a central composite design (CCD). The optimum condition for the photo-degradation of AO by photocatalyst was 6.72, 61.66 min, 13.13 mg.L-1 and 0.014 g correspond to the pH, irradiation time, AO concentration and photocatalyst mass, respectively. At these optimum conditions, the AO photocatalytic degradation percentages with desirability of 0.94 was 95.47% using reasonable consumption of reagent. The quasi first-order kinetic model derived from Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) efficiently represent real behavior of experimental data of correspond to under study system. The photocatalytic reaction, L–H rate constants and L–H adsorption constants for Zn: ZnO/Ni2P were 0.0375 min-1, 27.39 mg.min-1.L and 0.00048 L.mg-1, respectively.
关键词： photocatalytic degradation,Auremine O,electrochemical synthesis.,Zn: ZnO/Ni2P,response surface methodology
更新于2025-11-21 11:01:37
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Spray pyrolysis synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 microspheres and their post modification for improved photocatalytic activity
摘要： Mesoporous TiO2 microspheres were prepared by spray pyrolysis for photocatalysis. Post modification of TiO2 by heat treatment was performed to optimize its photocatalytic performance. First, spherical TiO2 particles with mesoporous structure were synthesized at pyrolysis temperatures of 500, 600, and 700 oC. After characterization by XRD, SEM, and N2 adsorption, a sample prepared at 500 oC was found to possess desirable properties for photocatalytic performance through post-modification. In methylene blue degradation, mesoporous TiO2 microspheres synthesized at 500 oC outperformed other microspheres. Furthermore, samples obtained by spray pyrolysis at 500 oC were calcined at various temperatures as a post-modification process. The sample calcined at 350 oC showed improved photocatalytic activity due to optimal anatase crystallinity and surface area.
关键词： Spray Pyrolysis,MB Degradation,Post Modification,Mesoporous TiO2 Spheres
更新于2025-11-21 10:59:37
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Z-scheme Bi2WO6/CuBi2O4 heterojunction mediated by interfacial electric field for efficient visible-light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
摘要： In order for the removal of Tetracycline (TC) in wastewaters, an efficient binary Bi2WO6/CuBi2O4 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by loading Bi2WO6 (BWO) nanoparticles on CuBi2O4 (CBO) nanorods via a solvothermal route. The obtained Bi2WO6/CuBi2O4 composite displays photocatalytic activity for TC degradation more than five times higher than that for pure CBO nanorods. The recycling experiment shows that over 91% of TC can be photo-degraded by the optimal Bi2WO6/CuBi2O4 photocatalyst within 60 min even after four cycles. Results of SEM, transient photocurrent response, EIS measurement prove that solvothermal process for BWO loading can introduce rough surface with high-density negative charge on CBO, contributing to effective photo-induced carrier transfer. XPS, Mott?Schottky plots and PL spectra reveal that the loading of BWO as well as interfacial charge redistribution can induce the formation of interfacial electric field for Z-scheme heterojunction, contributing to the high oxidation and reduction capabilities ability of Bi2WO6/CuBi2O4 composite. The study on photocatalytic mechanism discloses that hole (h+) and superoxide radical (?O2?) are dominating reactive oxidation species (ROS) in the photodegradation process. This study has provided a novel route to fabricate Z-scheme photocatalysts for effective photocatalytic degradation processes.
关键词： charge transfer,Z-scheme heterojunction,environmental materials,interfacial electric field,photocatalysis,tetracycline degradation
更新于2025-11-21 10:59:37
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New Strategy to Overcome the Instability That Could Speed up the Commercialization of Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Current efficiency of perovskite solar cells has reached 23.7%, which is comparable with silicon solar cells. However commercial development is seriously hindered by the instability of the perovskite, especially under moisture conditions. Therefore it is crucial to gain clear understanding of the mechanism of degradation of organic–inorganic perovskite in order to achieve stable perovskite devices. In this paper, the formation and the degradation of perovskite film on different charge transport layers such as a compact TiO2 layer, compact ZnO layer, and ZnO foil, Si nanowires, and porous Si are studied. In addition, density functional theory studies are carried out to better understand the interaction between the perovskite film and substrates. Experimental and theoretical results are combined to draw more reliable conclusion regarding the degradation mechanism. Most notably, the investigations show that the interaction between the iodine (I) atom in the perovskite layer and substrate determine the stability of perovskite cells. As a result, Si has minimum interaction with I atoms and shows maximum stability, while perovskite film degrades on TiO2 film almost immediately.
关键词： degradation,stability,perovskite solar cells,mechanism
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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Valorization of tire wastes to carbon quantum dots (P-CDs) and photocatalytic degradation enhancement of organic wastes using ZnO-CDs nanocomposites
摘要： Valorization of solid wastes for the production of valuable materials is of great importance for sustainable development. In this paper, removal for solid and liquid wastes via hydrothermal and catalytic degradation was reported. The first removal process is the hydrothermal conversion of solid waste, here solid wastes of tire, to phosphorous and nitrogen doped carbon nanodots (P-CDs). The second removal is the visible-NIR light driven photocatalytic degradation of liquid waste, here methylene blue (MB) solution, using P-CDs loaded on ZnO nanoparticles. Energy-efficient light emitting diode (LED) was used as a weak sufficient irradiation source. Photodegradation rate constants for ZnO-P-CDs were almost 10 times higher (0.08 h?1 for ZnO-P-CDs) comparing to pure ZnO (0.008 h?1), such enhancement is significant for a weak light source. Cyclic voltammetry and optical properties were used to find HOMO and LUMO of P-CDs. Based on the energy levels of ZnO and P-CDs, the catalytic enhancement was attributed to increasing the separation rate of photogenerated electrons and hole due to the transfer of electrons from the conduction bands of P-CDs to the conduction band of ZnO. Up-conversion photoluminescence of P-CDs is another reason for increasing the separation of excitons and harvesting the longer wavelength light. The proposed approach, solid and liquid waste removal via hydrothermal and catalytic degradation combined with weak LED light, would be a powerful approach in solid waste treatment and water purification technology, simultaneously.
关键词： Valorization,Tire wastes,Carbon quantum dots,Photocatalytic degradation,ZnO-P-CDs nanocomposites
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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Visible light-driven photoelectrocatalytic degradation of Acid Yellow 17 using Sn3O4 flower-like thin films supported on Ti substrate (Sn3O4/TiO2/Ti)
摘要： This article reports a new method for preparing mixed valence tin oxide (Sn3O4) flower-like nanostructures using a microwave-assisted route. Thin-film Sn3O4/TiO2/Ti electrodes demonstrated highly efficient visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of monoazo acid yellow 17 (AY17) dye, reaching 95% color removal after 60 min at pH 2. Moreover, under low bias potential (0.5 V), the photoelectrocatalytic efficiency increased to 97% color removal and 83% removal of total organic carbon at a kinetic rate almost 3 times higher than in photocatalysis. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to identify intermediate formation, and oxidation performance was proposed for photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic degradation with no organics identified after 120 min of treatment. The results indicate that Sn3O4/TiO2/Ti photoelectrodes offer a simple, green method for wastewater treatment employing visible light source.
关键词： Dye degradation,Photoelectrocatalysis,Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis,Sn3O4,Visible-light photocatalysis
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Self-generating CeVO4 as conductive channel within CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 to induce Z-scheme-charge-transfer driven photocatalytic degradation coupled with hydrogen production
摘要： The construction of highly efficient Z-scheme photocatalytic system is regarded as a hot research topic in the fields of environmental remediation and renewable energy production. In this work, a novel Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 photocatalyst is successfully prepared by using solid phase reaction method. The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant (Methylene Blue) with simultaneous hydrogen production is efficiently realized over the prepared Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 photocatalysts under visible-light irradiation. The effects of treatment temperatures and treatment times of CeO2/V2O5 composite on the photocatalytic performance of Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 photocatalyst are studied. The as-prepared Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 (550-3) photocatalyst heat-treated at 550 °C for 3.0 h exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance. It can be ascribed to a moderate amount of CeVO4 nanoparticles generated between CeO2 and V2O5. The generated CeVO4 nanoparticles can be used as effective conductive channel to transfer the photo-generated carriers. At the same time, as redox reaction centers it can further accelerate the transfer of photo-generated electrons, effectively enhancing the separation efficiency of photo-generated electron and hole pairs. Furthermore, cyclic test demonstrates that the as-prepared Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 (550-3) photocatalyst still maintains a high level of photocatalytic activity within five periods under the same conditions. Moreover, the related photocatalytic mechanism for degradation of organic pollutants with simultaneous hydrogen evolution over the Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 (550-3) photocatalyst is proposed. Perhaps, this study affords a simple and novel method to design and develop next generation of highly efficient Z-scheme photocatalysts.
关键词： Conductive channel,Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 photocatalyst,Solid phase reaction method,Simultaneous hydrogen evolution,Visible-light photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-11-19 16:51:07