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Raman spectroscopy combined with advanced chemometric methods: A new approach for detergent deformulation
摘要： Deformulation of a commercial surfactant mixture using RAMAN spectroscopy and advanced chemometric tools have been investigated. Since the use of surfactants is drastically expanding, their fine identification and quantification are required for quality control and regulation. Dilution of the detergent mixtures combined with RAMAN spectroscopy for signal extraction tools allowed the extraction of the first information concerning the composition of the mixture. The raw materials identified were thus used in an experimental design to obtain a robust model for the determination of detergent composition. The combination of chemometric tools (Independent Component Analysis and Partial Least Square) and spectroscopic methods provided pertinent information for detergent composition. This methodology can easily be transposed to the industrial world.
关键词： detergents deformulation,RAMAN spectroscopy,surfactants characterization,design of experiments,Chemometrics,blind source separation methods
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Multi-FSR Silicon Photonic Flex-LIONS Module for Bandwidth-Reconfigurable All-to-All Optical Interconnects
摘要： Ballistic resistance testing is conducted in the Department of Defense (DoD) to estimate the probability that a projectile will perforate the armor of a system under test. Ballistic resistance testing routinely employs sensitivity experiment techniques where sequential test designs are used to estimate a particular quantile of the probability of perforation. Statistical procedures used to estimate the ballistic resistance of armor in the DoD have remained relatively unchanged for decades. In the current fiscal atmosphere of sequestration and budget deficits, efficiency is critical for test and evaluation. In this paper, we review and compare sequential methods, estimators, and stopping criteria used in the DoD to those found in literature. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we find that the three-phase optimal design, a probit model, and a break separation stopping criteria are most accurate and efficient at estimating V50, while the three-phase optimal design or Robbins–Monroe–Joseph method should be used to estimate V10.
关键词： Department of Defense,sequential design,ballistic resistance testing,three-phase optimal design,design of experiments
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Modelling and optimization of process parameters to obtain maximum tensile strength for laser butt welding of 316L austenitic stainless steel sheets
摘要： The attribute of high power density but low energy-input in Laser welding offers exciting solutions to the commonly encountered disadvantages with conventional joining techniques. In this paper, 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel metal sheets were butt welded using Nd:YAG Laser welding system. Owing to its low cost and specific properties such as excellent toughness, higher creep, stress to rupture at elevated temperatures, 316L A.S.S finds wide range of applications in the industrial arena especially in the automobile and marine sectors. Hence, it becomes imperative to examine its post weld properties after performing laser welding and find optimized values of the parameters. The prominent process parameters like Laser Power, Travel speed and Focal length were analysed and optimised. Design of experiment statistical tool was embraced for the systematic conduct of the tests. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques were employed to identify the significant process parameters affecting the weld. An empherical relationship involving the parameters was developed to predict the ultimate tensile strength. The 3D response surface plot and contour plots were generated for this model to elucidate the interaction effect of Laser parameters (Travel speed and Focal length), (Laser Power and Focal Length) & (Laser Power and Travel Speed) on Ultimate Tensile Strength. The welded specimens cut by electric discharge machining were prepared for tensile testing as per the ASTM standard. The Universal Testing Machine was used to test the welded specimen. Microhardness Testing was also carried out on the base material and the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) using Vickers Hardness Testing machine. The tensile tested specimens were used for metallurgical analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (S.E.M.). Specimen prepared for metallurgical analysis were sectioned, mounted, ground and polished in accordance with recommended procedures in ASTM practice E 3-11. The metallurgical observations showed the existence of undulating topography of ductile fracture surfaces. The investigations reveals that the actual values of the Ultimate tensile strength of the weld were falling close with the predicted strength obtained through the proposed model. It can be concluded that the proposed model in this work can be utilised to predict tensile strength of the weld with more precision.
关键词： Design of Experiments,Ultimate tensile strength,316 L A.S.S,Response Surface Methodology (RSM),Nd:YAG Laser welding
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Influence of Laser Modification on a Composite Substrate and the Resistance of Thin Layers Created Using the PVD Process
摘要： For physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology, cleaning a substrate is one of the key preliminary processes before depositing the metal layer. In this article, we present the results of research on the modification of a textile composite substrate using laser technology and its influence on the surface resistance of silver structures intended for use in wearable electronics. As a result of the substrate modification, the resistance of the layers increased as compared with the structures produced on an unmodified substrate. An experimental planning technique was used to optimize the laser modification process.
关键词： wearable electronics,textronics,design of experiments,physical vapor deposition,laser modification,PVD
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Design issues adumbrate conclusions on LED-mediated bycatch risk reduction of cetaceans and turtles in fishing nets: A comment on Bielli et al. (2020)
摘要： Worldwide, bycatch is one of the biggest threat to the long-term viability of cetaceans and turtles (Reeves et al., 2013; Wallace et al., 2013), or marine megafauna in general (Lewison et al., 2004). Reducing marine megafauna bycatch is urgent: Bielli et al. (2020) reported a decreased risk of bycatch for cetaceans and turtles by small-scale fisheries targeting elasmobranchs in Peruvian waters when green visible spectrum light emitting diodes (LEDs) were added on fishing nets. To estimate the causal effect of LEDs on bycatch, some nets had LEDs (treatment) and some nets had none (control). Due to intrinsic difficulties of collecting relevant data in realistic settings while not overburdening fishermen with additional constraints, nets with LEDs were, on average, shorter than nets without. The ratio of effort (in km of net soaked per day) in treatment versus control amounts to 40%. Because of this systematic difference between treatment and control in the experimental design, less bycatch (in absolute numbers) is expected in treatment than in control conditions. This may be taken into account in the statistical analysis of data. However, such a design results in treatment and effort being intrinsically confounded: estimating the causal effect of LEDs on bycatch with these data is problematic as any estimated effect will be model-dependent (Rubin, 2008).
关键词： Causal analysis,Marine megafauna,Design of experiments,Covariate overlap,Bycatch
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Multi-Objective Optimization of High Power Diode Laser Surface Hardening Process of AISI 410 by means of RSM and Desirability Approach
摘要： In this research, laser surface hardening of AISI 410 was carried out by a high power diode laser based on Response Surface Method (RSM). Laser power, scanning speed, and focal plane position were evaluated as input process changeable while geometry dimensions of hardened zone (i.e., Depth and width of hardness), maximum hardness, Microhardness deviation (MHD) from base material in depth, and ferrite phase percentage in the microstructure were evaluated as process output Results. The effect of input parameters on the response variations were studied by statistical investigation. Results indicated that by increasing the laser power and decreasing other parameters, higher surface hardness with significant penetration, and least ferrite percentage would be reached by means of the desirability function approach. By using experimental tests, validation of optimized results was performed. In this research in the optimum conditions, the maximum hardness, maximum depth of hardness and minimum ferrite percentage were achieved 670 Vickers, 2.2 mm and 0.45%, respectively.
关键词： Laser Surface Hardening,High Power Diode Laser,Design of Experiments,Laser Materials Processing,Optimization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Post-Processing of FDM 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid Parts by Laser Beam Cutting
摘要： In this paper, the post-processing of 3D-printed poly lactic acid (PLA) parts is investigated. Workpieces are manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, while they may have defects in some areas such as edges. A post-processing is introduced here for 3D-printed samples by low power CO2 laser. The thickness of the FDM samples are 3.2 mm and printed by optimum conditions. Effects of process parameters such as focal plane position (?3.2–3.2 mm), laser power (20–40 W), and laser cutting speed (1–13 mm/s) are examined based on the design of experiments (DOE). Geometrical features of the kerf; top and bottom kerf; taper; ratio of top to the bottom kerf are considered as output responses. An analysis of the experimental results by statistical software is conducted to survey the effects of process parameters and to obtain regression equations. By optimizing of the laser cutting process; an appropriate kerf quality is obtained and also optimum input parameters are suggested. Experimental verification tests show a good agreement between empirical results and statistical predictions. The best optimum sample with 1.19 mm/s cutting speed, 36.49 W power and 0.53 mm focal plane position shows excellent physical features after the laser cutting process when 276.9 μm top and 261.5 μm bottom kerf width is cut by laser.
关键词： fused deposition modeling,laser cutting,3D printing,additive manufacturing,post-processing,design of experiments
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP) - Guwahati, India (2019.12.13-2019.12.14)] 2019 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP) - Femtosecond Laser-patterned and Au-coated Iron Surfaces as SERS Platforms for Multiple Analytes Detection
摘要： Ballistic resistance testing is conducted in the Department of Defense (DoD) to estimate the probability that a projectile will perforate the armor of a system under test. Ballistic resistance testing routinely employs sensitivity experiment techniques where sequential test designs are used to estimate a particular quantile of the probability of perforation. Statistical procedures used to estimate the ballistic resistance of armor in the DoD have remained relatively unchanged for decades. In the current fiscal atmosphere of sequestration and budget deficits, efficiency is critical for test and evaluation. In this paper, we review and compare sequential methods, estimators, and stopping criteria used in the DoD to those found in literature. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we find that the three-phase optimal design, a probit model, and a break separation stopping criteria are most accurate and efficient at estimating V50, while the three-phase optimal design or Robbins–Monroe–Joseph method should be used to estimate V10.
关键词： Department of Defense,sequential design,ballistic resistance testing,three-phase optimal design,design of experiments
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Combining the Discrete NFT Spectrum with B-Modulation for High-Efficiency Optical Transmission
摘要： Ballistic resistance testing is conducted in the Department of Defense (DoD) to estimate the probability that a projectile will perforate the armor of a system under test. Ballistic resistance testing routinely employs sensitivity experiment techniques where sequential test designs are used to estimate a particular quantile of the probability of perforation. Statistical procedures used to estimate the ballistic resistance of armor in the DoD have remained relatively unchanged for decades. In the current fiscal atmosphere of sequestration and budget deficits, efficiency is critical for test and evaluation. In this paper, we review and compare sequential methods, estimators, and stopping criteria used in the DoD to those found in literature. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we find that the three-phase optimal design, a probit model, and a break separation stopping criteria are most accurate and efficient at estimating V50, while the three-phase optimal design or Robbins–Monroe–Joseph method should be used to estimate V10.
关键词： Department of Defense,sequential design,ballistic resistance testing,three-phase optimal design,design of experiments
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Impact Study on Power Generation from Photovoltaic System due to Change in Local Irradiance and Temperature at Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
摘要： Solar Photovoltaic system has become popular among the renewable energy due to free availability and low maintenance costs. Economically, the decreasing cost from continuous development adds another motive for the use of photovoltaic system. There has been a continuous study regarding the estimation on output of the photovoltaic system, in normal operating conditions. The output is subject to variations due to various environmental factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate how Design of Experiments (DoE) Method is used to model the impact of meteorological data on the electric power generated by the photovoltaic system. In this paper, the simulation and experiment based analysis has been presented and the degree of impact of irradiance and temperature on the output power of the photovoltaic module has been illustrated.
关键词： Irradiance,Design of Experiments (DoE),Photovoltaic,Temperature
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52