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Inner Retinal Oxygen Delivery and Metabolism in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats
摘要： PURPOSE. The purpose of the study is to report global measurements of inner retinal oxygen delivery (DO2_IR) and oxygen metabolism (MO2_IR) in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. METHODS. Phosphorescence lifetime and blood flow imaging were performed in rats 4 (STZ/4wk; n = 10) and 6 (STZ/6wk; n = 10) weeks following injection of STZ to measure retinal arterial (O2A) and venous (O2V) oxygen contents and total retinal blood flow (F). DO2_IR and MO2_IR were calculated from measurements of F and O2A and of F and the arteriovenous oxygen content difference, respectively. Data in STZ rats were compared to those in healthy control rats (n = 10). RESULTS. Measurements of O2A and O2V were not significantly different among STZ/4wk, STZ/6wk, and control rats (P ≥ 0.28). Likewise, F was similar among all groups of rats (P = 0.81). DO2_IR measurements were 941 ± 231, 956 ± 232, and 973 ± 243 nL O2/min in control, STZ/4wk, and STZ/6wk rats, respectively (P = 0.95). MO2_IR measurements were 516 ± 175, 444 ± 103, and 496 ± 84 nL O2/min in control, STZ/4wk, and STZ/6wk rats, respectively (P = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS. Global inner retinal oxygen delivery and metabolism were not significantly impaired in STZ rats in early diabetes.
关键词： delivery,retina,rat,oxygen,metabolism,diabetes
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Overcoming Individual Discrepancies, a Learning Model for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement
摘要： Non-invasive Glucose Measurement (NGM) technology makes great sense for the blood glucose management of patients with hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Individual Discrepancies (IDs), e.g., skin thickness and color, not only block the development of NGM, but also become the reason why NGM cannot be widely used. To solve this problem, our solution is designing an individual customized NGM model that can measure these discrepancies through multi-wavelength and tune parameters for glucose estimating. In this paper, an NGM prototype is designed, and a learning model for glucose estimating with automatically parameters tuning based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Random Forest (RF) is presented. The clinic trial proves that the correlation coefficient between estimation and reference Blood Glucose Concentration (BGC) can reach 0.5 after merely 10 times of learning, and rise to 0.8 after about 60 times of learning.
关键词： Independent Component Analysis (ICA),random forest,non-invasive,blood glucose,diabetes
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Highly Sensitive Room-Temperature Sensor Based on Nanostructured K2W7O22 for Application in the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Diabetes
摘要： Diabetes is one of the most rapidly-growing chronic diseases in the world. Acetone, a volatile organic compound in exhaled breath, shows a positive correlation with blood glucose and has proven to be a biomarker for type-1 diabetes. Measuring the level of acetone in exhaled breath can provide a non-invasive, low risk of infection, low cost, and convenient way to monitor the health condition of diabetics. There has been continuous demand for the improvement of this non-invasive, sensitive sensor system to provide a fast and real-time electronic readout of blood glucose levels. A novel nanostructured K2W7O22 has been recently used to test acetone with concentration from 0 parts-per-million (ppm) to 50 ppm at room temperature. The results revealed that a K2W7O22 sensor shows a sensitive response to acetone, but the detection limit is not ideal due to the limitations of the detection system of the device. In this paper, we report a K2W7O22 sensor with an improved sensitivity and detection limit by using an optimized circuit to minimize the electronic noise and increase the signal to noise ratio for the purpose of weak signal detection while the concentration of acetone is very low.
关键词： non-invasive,biomarker,ferroelectric property,blood glucose,volatile organic compound,acetone,nanostructured K2W7O22,diabetes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 13th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG) - Sonderborg, Denmark (2019.4.23-2019.4.25)] 2019 IEEE 13th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG) - Modelling properties of solar cells irradiated from different lighting sources
摘要： The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes; however, to date, no study has assessed the predictive power of phenotypes based on individual anthropometric measurements and triglyceride (TG) levels. The aims of the present study were to assess the association between the HW phenotype and type 2 diabetes in Korean adults and to evaluate the predictive power of various phenotypes consisting of combinations of individual anthropometric measurements and TG levels. Between November 2006 and August 2013, 11 937 subjects participated in this retrospective cross-sectional study. We measured fasting plasma glucose and TG levels and performed anthropometric measurements. We employed binary logistic regression (LR) to examine statistically significant differences between normal subjects and those with type 2 diabetes using HW and individual anthropometric measurements. For more reliable prediction results, two machine learning algorithms, naive Bayes (NB) and LR, were used to evaluate the predictive power of various phenotypes. All prediction experiments were performed using a tenfold cross validation method. Among all of the variables, the presence of HW was most strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (p < 0.001, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.07 [95% CI, 1.72–2.49] in men; p < 0.001, adjusted OR = 2.09 [1.79–2.45] in women). When comparing waist circumference (WC) and TG levels as components of the HW phenotype, the association between WC and type 2 diabetes was greater than the association between TG and type 2 diabetes. The phenotypes tended to have higher predictive power in women than in men. Among the phenotypes, the best predictors of type 2 diabetes were waist-to-hip ratio + TG in men (AUC by NB = 0.653, AUC by LR = 0.661) and rib-to-hip ratio + TG in women (AUC by NB = 0.73, AUC by LR = 0.735). Although the presence of HW demonstrated the strongest association with type 2 diabetes, the predictive power of the combined measurements of the actual WC and TG values may not be the best manner of predicting type 2 diabetes. Our findings may provide clinical information concerning the development of clinical decision support systems for the initial screening of type 2 diabetes.
关键词： type 2 diabetes,hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype,Anthropometric measurements,triglycerides (TG),predictor,machine learning,data mining
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluation of plaque characteristics in coronary artery patients with impaired glucose tolerance through optical coherence tomography
摘要： OBJECTIVE: With the adoption of optical coherence tomography (OCT), this study targets the impacts on plaque characteristics brought about by impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: For this study, 150 patients with coronary artery disease were recruited. Regarding glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), the patients were sectioned into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes mellitus (DM) groups. Coronary angiography (CAG) and OCT were conducted for 150 patients. RESULTS: There were 186 plaques discovered in 150 patients (37, 40, 44, and 65 in the NGT, IFG, IGT, and DM groups, respectively). Compared to the NGT group, the lipid core size, which is presented as the average angle of the lipid arc, was markedly larger in the IFG,IGT and DM groups ( 135.7 ± 32.7 ê, 161.2 ± 55.7 ê, 162.5 ± 55.8 ê, and 170.2 ± 59.7 ê, respectively, all P values< 0.05). Meanwhile, the fibrous cap over the lipid core in the NGT group was remarkably thicker than that in the IFG, IGT, and DM groups (115.7 ± 47.7 μm vs. 77.7 ± 23.5 μm, 75.1 ± 23.2 μm, 71.2 ± 22.1 μm, all P values<0.05). CONCLUSION: Coronary plaques in coronary artery patients with NDT are more stable than in those with IGT and DM.
关键词： Diabetes Mellitus,Tomography, Optical Coherence,Coronary Artery Disease,Atherosclerosis,Coronary Disease
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Multifocal electroretinogram in diabetic macular edema; Correlation with visual acuity and optical coherence tomography
摘要： Purpose: To evaluate multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) changes in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) and investigate any possible correlation with optical coherence tomography (OCT) features and visual acuity (VA). Methods: Twenty?nine right eyes of 29 subjects with DME due to non?proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 30 eyes of 30 normal subjects were evaluated. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Sixty?one scaled hexagon mfERG responses were recorded. Components of the first order kernel of N1, N2, and P1 in five concentric rings centered on the fovea, were measured in both groups. Correlation and regression analyses were performed among VA, central macular thickness (CMT) based on OCT, mfERG amplitude, and latency of the N1, N2 and P1 waves. Results: Significant differences were observed in all mfERG parameters in five?ring regions of the retina between eyes with DME versus controls (P < 0.05). There were significant correlations among VA with N2 (P = 0,001, b = 0.73) and P1 amplitudes (P = 0.001, b = ?0.84) in the central macular area, and there was a borderline association between VA and CMT (P = 0.042, b = 0.392). Conclusion: Amplitudes of mfERG components (N1, P1, and N2) are significantly reduced and their latencies are delayed in eyes with DME indicating functional impairment in the outer retina. The mfERG total amplitude was significantly correlated with VA even more than CMT, therefore the combined use of OCT and mfERG for macular evaluation may better evaluate visual status in DME patients.
关键词： Diabetes Mellitus,Multi?focal Electroretinography,Diabetic Macular Edema,Optical Coherence Tomography,Visual Acuity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Blood–Retinal Barrier Compromise and Endogenous <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Endophthalmitis
摘要： PURPOSE. To test the hypothesis that blood–retinal barrier compromise is associated with the development of endogenous Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. METHODS. To compromise the blood–retinal barrier in vivo, streptozotocin-induced diabetes was induced in C57BL/6J mice for 1, 3, or 5 months. Diabetic and age-matched nondiabetic mice were intravenously injected with 108 colony-forming units (cfu) of S. aureus, a common cause of endogenous endophthalmitis in diabetics. After 4 days post infection, electroretinography, histology, and bacterial counts were performed. Staphylococcus aureus–induced alterations in in vitro retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell barrier structure and function were assessed by anti–ZO-1 immunohistochemistry, FITC-dextran conjugate diffusion, and bacterial transmigration assays. RESULTS. We observed one bilateral infection in a control, nondiabetic animal (mean ? 1.54 3 103 6 1.78 3 102 cfu/eye, 7% incidence). Among the 1-month diabetic mice, we observed culture-con?rmed unilateral infections in two animals (mean ? 5.54 3 102 6 7.09 3 102 cfu/ eye, 12% incidence). Among the 3-month diabetic mice, infections were observed in 11 animals, three with bilateral infections (mean ? 2.67 3 102 6 2.49 3 102 cfu/eye, 58% incidence). Among the 5-month diabetic mice, we observed infections in ?ve animals (mean ? 7.88 3 102 6 1.08 3 103 cfu/eye, 33% incidence). In vitro, S. aureus infection reduced ZO-1 immunostaining and disrupted the barrier function of cultured RPE cells, resulting in diffusion of ?uorophore-conjugated dextrans and transmigration of live bacteria across a permeabilized RPE barrier. CONCLUSIONS. Taken together, these results indicated that S. aureus is capable of inducing blood–retinal barrier permeability and causing endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis in normal and diabetic animals.
关键词： Staphylococcus aureus,endogenous endophthalmitis,blood–retinal barrier,bacteria,diabetes,retinal pigment epithelium
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy and its progression in sequential fundus images of patients with diabetes
摘要： Regular screening by fundus images is known to be effective in detecting the early signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Early detection and timely treatment of DR are crucial to prevent the development of sight-threatening DR and visual loss. Due to global increase in the prevalence of diabetes from the current 425 million to 629 million in 2045, also the number of people with DR are estimated to triple from 2005 to 2050. Thus, the workload required for screening for DR will increase tremendously. Novel technological solutions and interventions might fortunately ease this challenging task in the future. We have developed an algorithm to detect early DR and its progression in the chronological follow-up fundus images to minimize the time-consuming evaluation of the images by a trained nurse or an ophthalmologist.
关键词： progression,diabetic retinopathy,fundus images,automatic detection,diabetes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic eyes evaluated by optical coherence tomography
摘要： ·AIM:Toassessquantitativechangesofthemaculaindiabetic eyes after cataract surgery using opticalcoherencetomography(OCT) and to estimate theincidenceofedema(ME)indiabeticeyeswithorwithoutpre-existingdevelopment or worseningofmacularME.·METHODS:Inthisprospective,observationalstudy,92eyesof60diabeticpatientswhounderwentcataractsurgerywereevaluatedbeforesurgeryand1,3moaftersurgeryusingOCT.MacularthicknesswasmeasuredwithOCTatninemacularsubfieldsdefinedbythe 9zonesearlytreatmentofdiabeticretinopathystudy(ETDRS),aswellastotalmacularvolumeobtainedbyOCTat1,3moaftersurgerywerecomparedwithbaselinefeatures obtained before surgery.In addition,theincidenceofdevelopmentorworseningofMEwasanalyzedindiabeticeyeswithorwithoutpre-existingME.· RESULTS: The central subfield mean thicknessincreased21.0respectively (滋mat1,3mofollow-up,<0.01).Theaveragethicknessofinnerringandouterringincreased14.2滋mand25.5滋mat1mo,18.2 滋mand12.9滋mat3mo.Central-involvedMEdevelopedin12eyesat3mo,including 4eyeswithpre-existingcentral-involvedand 8eyeswithpre-existingnon-centralinvolvedME.Pre-existingdiabeticmacularedema(DME)wassignificantlyassociatedwithcentral-involvedMEdevelopment (<0.001).·CONCLUSION:Astatisticallysignificantincreasecouldbedetectedinthecentralsubfieldaswellasperifovealandparafovealsectorsthoughtheincreasewasmild.Andeyeswithpre-operativeDMEpriortocataractsurgeryareathigherriskfordevelopingcentral-involvedME.
关键词： macularedema,opticalcoherencetomography,cataractsurgery,diabetes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Blood-based FTIR-ATR spectroscopy coupled with extreme gradient boosting for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
摘要： Timely diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and early intervention and treatment of it are important for controlling metabolic disorders, delaying and reducing complications, reducing mortality, and improving quality of life. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed by Fourier transform mid-infrared (FTIR) attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy in combination with extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Whole blood FTIR-ATR spectra of 51 clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 55 healthy volunteers were collected. For the complex composition of whole blood and much spectral noise, Savitzky–Golay smoothing was first applied to the FTIR-ATR spectrum. Then PCA was used to eliminate redundant data and got the best number of principle components. Finally, the XGBoost algorithm was used to discriminate the type 2 diabetes from healthy volunteers and the grid search algorithm was used to optimize the relevant parameters of the XGBoost model to improve the robustness and generalization ability of the model. The sensitivity of the optimal XGBoost model was 95.23% (20/21), the specificity was 96.00% (24/25), and the accuracy was 95.65% (44/46). The experimental results show that FTIR-ATR spectroscopy combined with XGBoost algorithm can diagnose type 2 diabetes quickly and accurately without reagents.
关键词： Fourier transform mid-infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy,whole blood,extreme gradient boosting,type 2 diabetes
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57