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Eyes are Mirror of the Brain: Comparison of Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Controls Using OCT
摘要： Objective: To evaluate the thickness of choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients with and without optic neuritis using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, both eyes of 52 MS patients [n=104 eyes; 62 eyes of MS patients without optic neuritis (MS-NON) and 42 eyes of MS patients with optic neuritis (MS-ON)] and only one eye of 36 healthy control subjects (n=36 eyes) were evaluated. Complete ophthalmologic examination and EDI-OCT scanning were completed for all participants. Choroidal thickness measurements were executed at three different points. Results: Choroidal thickness measurements were similar between MS patients and healthy control subjects. However, the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was increased significantly in MS-ON group (399.13± 82.91 μm) compared to MS-NON group (342.71± 82.46 μm; p=0.004). Mean RNFL thickness was significantly reduced in MS patients (90.42± 13.31μm) compared to healthy controls (101.18± 10.75 μm; p < 0.001). Moreover, temporal RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in MS-ON group (54± 14.50 μm) than MS-NON group (62.15± 15.88 μm; p = 0.01). In MS patients, temporal RNFL thickness was correlated with both Expanded Disability Status Score (r = 0.383; p<0.001) and longer disease duration (r = –0.202; p = 0.04). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that RNFL thickness can be used as an important parameter while following up with MS patients. However, more studies using EDI-OCT are required with larger MS patient groups and automated method.
关键词： Retinal nerve fiber layer,Choroid,Multiple sclerosis,Expanded disability status scale,Optical coherence tomography
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Efficacy of low-level laser therapy on pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials
摘要： Objectives Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is not recommended in major knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treatment guidelines. We investigated whether a LLLT dose–response relationship exists in KOA. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Eligible articles were identified through PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on 18 February 2019, reference lists, a book, citations and experts in the field. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We solely included randomised placebo-controlled trials involving participants with KOA according to the American College of Rheumatology and/or Kellgren/Lawrence criteria, in which LLLT was applied to participants’ knee(s). There were no language restrictions. Data extraction and synthesis The included trials were synthesised with random effects meta-analyses and subgrouped by dose using the World Association for Laser Therapy treatment recommendations. Cochrane’s risk-of- bias tool was used. results 22 trials (n=1063) were meta-analysed. Risk of bias was insignificant. Overall, pain was significantly reduced by LLLT compared with placebo at the end of therapy (14.23 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 95% CI 7.31 to 21.14)) and during follow-ups 1–12 weeks later (15.92 mm VAS (95% CI 6.47 to 25.37)). The subgroup analysis revealed that pain was significantly reduced by the recommended LLLT doses compared with placebo at the end of therapy (18.71 mm (95% CI 9.42 to 27.99)) and during follow-ups 2–12 weeks after the end of therapy (23.23 mm VAS (95% CI 10.60 to 35.86)). The pain reduction from the recommended LLLT doses peaked during follow-ups 2–4 weeks after the end of therapy (31.87 mm VAS significantly beyond placebo (95% CI 18.18 to 45.56)). Disability was also statistically significantly reduced by LLLT. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion LLLT reduces pain and disability in KOA at 4–8 J with 785–860 nm wavelength and at 1–3 J with 904 nm wavelength per treatment spot. PrOSPErO registration number CRD42016035587.
关键词： disability,low-level laser therapy,knee osteoarthritis,meta-analysis,pain
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Direct measurement of the concurrence of hybrid entangled state based on parity check measurements
摘要： Employing data from the population census in 2010 and the 1% population sample survey in 2015, this paper examines the health status of China’s elderly including urban–rural differences and gender gaps in their health. In addition, sampling surveys from 1994 and 2004 are used to analyze the changes in the health status of the elderly since 1994. The results show that the health status of the urban elderly remained stable, but that of the rural elderly improved between the years 2010 and 2015. The health status of older males was generally better than that of older females. The health status of middle-aged elderly improved, but that of the oldest-old declined among male groups. The prevalence of disability of the elderly declined between 1994 and 2015, but the developmental pattern of disability changed in this period.
关键词： Disability,Self-reported health,Health status of the elderly
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04