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Unique oblate-like ZnWO4 nanostructures for electrochemical energy storage performances
摘要： Unique ZnWO4 oblate nanospheres (ZWO-ONSs) deposited on Nickel foam (Ni foam) are successfully prepared via facile hydrothermal route. The ZWO-ONSs show high specific surface area of 89.47 m2g-1. The as-prepared nanostructures tested in 3 M KOH aqueous solution, perform excellent electrochemical performances showing specific capacity of 1198 Fg-1 at 1 Ag-1, and high retention rate cyclic stability 96.56% after 1000 cycles at 10 Ag-1. Distinctive binary metal oxide nanoarchitectures are dynamic material for energy storage systems.
关键词： Supercapacitors,ZnWO4,Oblate-like nanostructures,Structural,Energy storage and conversion
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Metal–Insulator–Metal Diodes: A Potential High Frequency Rectifier for Rectenna Application
摘要： Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diodes are among the most promising candidates for applications in the high frequency regime. Owing to the tunneling dominant current conduction mechanism, they facilitate femtosecond fast switching time, which has drawn great research attention for many potential high-speed applications and especially as a rectifier in rectenna based energy harvesting. Since its advent in the early 1960s, a lot of development has occurred in various aspects of design, fabrication and characterization of MIM diodes for rectenna applications. In this work, a detailed study on MIM diodes is conducted emphasizing the advancements in design and fabrication of MIM diodes and future challenges from the point of view of their application in rectennas. In addition, the fabrication and characterization of a graphene (Gr) based Al/AlOx/Gr MIM diode are also presented herein, exhibiting highly asymmetric current–voltage characteristics with large current density and a good degree of nonlinearity. An asymmetricity exceeding 2500 and the corresponding current density up to (cid:2) 1 A/cm2 were obtained at a voltage bias of 1 V. The peak nonlinearity was (cid:2) 3.8, whereas the zero bias resistance was as low as (cid:2) 600 X. These performance metrics are highly desirable for rectification operation and hence the as-fabricated Al/AlOx/Gr MIM diode holds great promise for its potential use as a rectifying element in rectennas.
关键词： MIM diode,terahertz,energy harvesting,tunneling
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Composition Dependence of the Band Gap Energy of the Sb-Rich GaBixSb1?x Alloy (0?≤?x?≤?0.26) Described by the Modified Band Anticrossing Model
摘要： The impurity–host interaction and the impurity–impurity interaction exist in the Sb-rich GaBixSb1?x alloy. It is found that the effect of impurity–impurity on the band gap energy can be neglected. The impurity–host interaction not only depends on the Bi content, but also on the content of the host material. In order to describe the band gap energy of the Sb-rich GaBixSb1?x, the virtual crystal approximation for conduction band minimum (CBM) and the modified valence band anticrossing model for valence band maximum (VBM) are applied. It is also found that when the Bi content is about 0.259, the band gap energy of GaBixSb1?x becomes 0 eV. In addition, it is found that the U CBM depending on Bi content is much stronger than that of the U VBM. It is relative to two factors. One is that the conduction band offset between GaSb and GaBi is much larger than the valence band offset. The other is that the energy difference between the Bi level and the U VBM of GaSb is very large. The large energy difference usually leads to a weak coupling interaction between the Bi level and the U VBM of GaSb, thus resulting in weak composition dependence of the U VBM in the Sb-rich range.
关键词： Bi level,band gap energy,Sb-rich,GaBixSb1?x
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Surface potential tailoring of PMMA fibers by electrospinning for enhanced triboelectric performance
摘要： Triboelectric generators rely on contact-generated surface charge transfer between materials with different electron affinities to convert mechanical energy into useful electricity. The ability to modify the surface chemistry of polymeric materials can therefore lead to significant enhancement of the triboelectric performance. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a biocompatible polymer commonly used in medical applications, but its central position on the triboelectric series, which empirically ranks materials according to their electron-donating or electron accepting tendencies, renders it unsuitable for application in triboelectric generators. Here, we show that the surface potential of PMMA fibers produced by electrospinning can be tailored through the polarity of the voltage used during the fabrication process, thereby improving its triboelectric performance, as compared to typically spin-coated PMMA films. The change in surface chemistry of the electrospun PMMA fibers is verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and this is directly correlated to the changes in surface potential observed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. We demonstrate the enhancement of triboelectric energy harvesting capability of the electrospun PMMA fibers, suggesting that this surface potential modification approach can be more widely applied to other materials as well, for improved triboelectric performance.
关键词： Energy harvesting,Triboelectric generator,Surface chemistry,Kelvin probe force microscopy,Electrospinning,Poly(methyl methacrylate)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Data-driven and probabilistic learning of the process-structure-property relationship in solution-grown tellurene for optimized nanomanufacturing of high-performance nanoelectronics
摘要： Two-dimensional (2-D) semiconductors have been intensely explored as alternative channel materials for future generation ultra-scaled transistor technology [1–8]. However, significant roadblocks (e.g., poor carrier mobilities [9–11], instability [4,5,10], and vague potential in scaling-up [10,12–15]) exist that prevent the realization of the current state-of-the-art 2-D materials’ potential for energy-efficient electronics. The emergent solution-grown tellurene exhibits attractive attributes, e.g., high room-temperature mobility, large on-state current density, air-stability, and tunable material properties through a low-cost, scalable process, to tackle these challenges [16]. Nevertheless, the fundamental manufacturing science of the hydrothermal processing for tellurene remains elusive. Here, we report on the first systematic, data-driven learning of the process-structure-property relationship in solution-grown tellurene, revealing the process factors’ effects on tellurene’s production yield, dimensions, and transistor-relevant properties, through a holistic approach integrating both the experimental explorations and data analytics. We further demonstrate the application of such fundamental knowledge for developing tellurene transistors with optimized and reliable performance, which can enable the cost-effective realization of high-speed, energy-efficient electronics.
关键词： Process-structure-property relationship,2-D materials,Energy-efficient electronics,Nanomanufacturing,Tellurene,Data-driven learning
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Influence of Pendant Group on Mobility of Organic Thin Film Transistor in Correlation with Reorganization Energy of Molecules
摘要： Charge transport properties of common donor copolymers in organic photovoltaics, poly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB7) and poly([2,6′-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo[1,2-b;3,3-b]dithiophene]{3-fluoro-2[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB7-Th), with molecular structures differing only in the pendant group, are studied. This is the first report of field-effect transistor mobility (μFET) of PTB7-Th (0.14 cm2 V?1 s?1) and the highest μFET for PTB7 (0.01 cm2 V?1 s?1). μFET of PTB7-Th is found to be almost one order of magnitude higher than PTB7. To understand the influence of molecular structure on charge transport, hole reorganization energy (λh) is calculated from first-principles. λh of PTB7-Th (≈150 meV) is found to be lower than PTB7 (≈346 meV). Further, the ratio of hopping rate versus square of charge transfer integral calculated from Marcus theory using λh for these systems is found to indicate a higher rate of hole transfer across dimers or homojunction interface for PTB7-Th. These results are supplemented by experimentally determined λ using bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells, where λPTB7-Th≈200 meV and λPTB7≈310 meV follow a similar trend. The effective hole-mobility estimation from BHJ devices correlates well with these λ values. This study provides understanding of charge transport properties via reorganization energy, as a function of pendant group without altering the backbone of the chains.
关键词： OFET,mobility,reorganization energy,pendant groups
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The sputtering yield of crystalline Si(1?0?0) surface by monoatomic and diatomic nitrogen ions impact
摘要： We have investigated the sputtering rate of thin crystalline silicon film forming silicon-on-insulator structure impinged by atomic and molecular nitrogen ions with medium energies of 25, 50, and 100 keV/(N atom) at several incident angles of 0, 30, 45, and 60°. The thickness of the surface silicon layer after ion irradiation was quantitatively estimated by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy using 2.56-MeV 10B2+ ions with a grazing angle geometry to accurately analyze the thickness decrement in several nanometers for ultrathin Si layers. The sputtering rates were compared with a full-cascade TRIM simulation based on a binary collision approximation. We found that the sputtering yields of monoatomic N ion with higher energies (> 50 keV/N) took significantly higher than that of diatomic N2 ion, probably suggesting that a wake-like effect of relatively fast N^N molecular ions surviving for a long period due to a considerably strong triple bond. In addition, the observed sputtering yields for all present conditions were a few times smaller than that estimated by the full-cascade TRIM calculation using typical lattice parameters. We quantitatively discuss the details of sputtering phenomenon of crystalline silicon by nitrogen ions at medium energy region.
关键词： Medium energy,Molecular ion,Sputtering,Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy,Silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Observation of Site-Resolved Vibrational Energy Transfer Using a Genetically Encoded Ultrafast Heater
摘要： Allosteric information transfer in proteins has been linked to distinct vibrational energy transfer (VET) pathways in a number of theoretical studies. Experimental evidence for such pathways, however, is sparse because site-selective injection of vibrational energy into a protein, i.e. localized heating, is required for their investigation. Here, we solve this problem by the site-specific incorporation of the non-canonical amino acid β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine (AzAla) via genetic code expansion. Being an exception to Kasha′s rule, AzAla undergoes ultrafast internal conversion and heating after S1 excitation while upon S2 excitation it serves as a fluorescent label. We endowed PDZ3, a protein interaction domain of postsynaptic density protein 95, with this ultrafast heater at two distinct positions. Using ultrafast IR spectroscopy, we could indeed observe VET from the incorporation sites in the protein to a bound peptide ligand on a picosecond timescale. This approach based on genetically encoded AzAla paves the way for detailed studies of VET and its role for function in a wide range of proteins.
关键词： protein modification,energy transfer,non-canonical amino acid,time-resolved spectroscopy,mutagenesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Assessment of solar energy potential in Gaza Strip-Palestine
摘要： Renewable energy sources and technologies have the potential to provide solutions to the energy problems. Solar energy can be an important part of the Palestinian’s strategies not only to add a new capacity but also to increase energy security, addressing the environmental concerns. In this paper, e?orts have been made to summarize the current status, availability, and future potential of solar energy options in Gaza Strip. Solar radiation data was provided by Meteoblue AG – Switzerland [www.meteoblue.com] as hourly time-series for 15 years from 2000 to 2015 for ?ve cities in Gaza Strip, which are geographically presenting the entire Gaza Strip. Jabalia, Gaza, Deir-Albalah, Khan-Yunis, and Rafah. These data are used directly to evaluate the potential of solar energy in the three selected sites by means of the System Advisor Model (SAM) from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) software. The potential of solar energy in Palestine using Photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating (CS) solar systems have been discussed. The present study can be considered as a road-map to get out of the electricity crisis in the Gaza Strip and to end the su?ering of Gazians. In this work, two scenarios are suggested, the ?rst one is urgent, it stipulates to generate the demand load (552 GWh/year) by means of (PV) solar power systems. While the second scenario is leading to terminate the reliance on imported energy by producing all the energy needs locally via (PV) solar system. The study reached to determine the ?nancial budget, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and the technical parameters for both scenarios. The urgent action is building up a 555 MWp of (PV) solar system on the rooftop of Gaza Strip’s buildings. This will cost about 800 million $US and the expected price of electricity will be ranged between ($US 0.07–0.11) per kWh, which is four times less than the present price ($US 0.29–0.46) per kWh. The solar energy can lay a strong foundation for an independent the Palestinian state, generate employment opportunities, alleviate poverty and provide a visionary approach to the dreams of Palestinian youths.
关键词： Palestine,Solar energy,Electricity crisis,(PV) solar system,Gaza Strip
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Comparative investigation of performances for HIT-PV and PVT systems
摘要： Crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells are a promising candidate for high efficiency solar cells, and the heterojunction photovoltaic (HIT-PV) module is strongly dependent on the temperature. In this study, we design three heterojunction photovoltaic modules to improve the performance by preventing from over-heating, with, glass, Tedlar/Polyethylene terephthalate/Tedlar (TPT) and aluminum substrates, respectively. The efficiencies of those HIT-PV modules are investigated under four different outdoor climates. The aluminum-module shows the best thermal dissipation; while the glass-module/TPT-module have the better electrical efficiency and electrical energy, since there is the high reflectivity layer on the surface of the glass (and TPT) substrates rather than the aluminum substrate. In order to increase the output power of HIT-PV modules, we design a heterojunction photovoltaic thermal (HIT-PVT) system based on HIT solar cells and aluminum thermal collector. The measured results of HIT-PVT system show that the coolant circulation increase the output power, and the HIT-PVT module can provide the domestic hot water supply (up to 51.2 °C) under outdoor conditions. In addition, the cost of HIT-PVT systems are much lower than those of the conventional photovoltaic systems, and the investment payback time can be less than 3 years.
关键词： Electrical energy,HIT-PV module,Three substrates,Aluminum thermal collector
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52