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Comparison the electron momentum and energy relaxation process in wurtzite GaN, InN and AlN by Monte Carlo method
摘要： At present, both transient and steady transport properties of III-V nitride semiconductors are researched, however, few research concerns about the momentum and energy relaxation process, which will be important during device designing. In order to clarify the fundamental physical process of the relaxation phenomenon, both momentum and energy relaxation process in wurtzite GaN, InN and AlN are studied with the help of classic three valleys Monte Carlo method. Our goal is to understand the relationship of relaxation rate with electric field, temperature and clarify the role of scattering mechanisms during momentum and energy relaxation process. The research shows that when the electric field and temperature are different, the main momentum and energy relaxation mechanisms may be different. For the lower effective mass in the lowest valley for InN, the electrons are more easily accelerated by electric field and scattered into the satellite valleys. The momentum relaxation time is much lower than that of energy relaxation time, the reason is that nearly all scattering mechanisms will relax momentum, but only polar optical phonon and inter-valley scattering relax electron energy. The research here can be used for construct the relaxation model or as a guide for device design.
关键词： Monte Carlo,III-V nitride,Electron momentum and energy relaxation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Effect of post-annealing on microstructure and piezoelectric properties of ZnO thin film for triangular shaped vibration energy harvester
摘要： In this paper, a triangular shaped piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (TS-PVEH) with zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films as the piezoelectric layer is reported. The effect of post-annealing temperature on the microstructure and piezoelectric performance of ZnO thin film deposited by magnetron sputtering method is investigated firstly. The results show that the optimum post-annealing temperature of 150 °C was the most beneficial to improve the piezoelectric properties of ZnO thin films. Four prototypes of TS-PVEH with different structure parameters are fabricated and optimized. The simulation and experiment results indicate that the height and width of the triangular structure have a significant influence on the vibration mode and the output performance of TS-PVEHs. The optimization results indicate that the third prototype has the best output performance. Its open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are 290mV and 1.25 μA, respectively, when the vibration acceleration is 5m/s2 and the frequency is 56Hz. Moreover, it has the highest load power density of 0.035μW/cm2 when the load is 0.1MΩ.
关键词： Triangular substrate,ZnO thin film,Structure optimization,Post-annealing temperature,Vibration energy harvester
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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An fluorescent aptasensor for sensitive detection of tumor marker based on the FRET of a sandwich structured QDs-AFP-AuNPs
摘要： The detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is of great importance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis, but it needs to be further improved because of poor sensitivity and complicated operating steps. In this paper, a simple and sensitive homogeneous aptasensor for AFP has been developed based on F?rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) where the AFP aptamer labeled luminescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) as a donor and anti-AFP antibody functional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an acceptor. In the presence of AFP, the bio-affinity between aptamer, target, and antibody made the QDs and AuNPs close enough, thus the fluorescence of CdTe QDs quenched though the FRET between QD and AuNP. The fluorescent aptasensor for AFP showed a concentration-dependent decrease of fluorescence intensity in the low nanomolar range and a detecting linear range of 0.5-45 ng mL?1, with a detection limit of 400 pg mL?1. Moreover, this homogeneous aptasensor is simple and reliable, and obtained satisfying results for the detection of AFP in human serum samples. With more and more aptamers for biomarkers have been selected gradually, this approach could be easily extended to detection of a wide range of biomarkers. The proposed aptasensor has great potential for carcinoma screening in point-of-care testing and even in field use.
关键词： alpha fetoprotein (AFP),fluorescent aptasensor,biomarker,hepatocellular carcinoma,F?rster resonance energy transfer (FRET)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Radiative energy and exergy analyses of spectrally-selective surfaces for CSP systems
摘要： This work presents a new methodology for calculations of spectral radiative energy and radiative exergy to evaluate the performances of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. Spectral radiative properties and the operating temperature of selective surfaces, along with the temperature of the environment, are taken into account in analyses. The fundamental expressions needed for the spectral radiative energy and exergy analyses are introduced first. Then, the two approaches are used to assess the spectral performance of five selective coatings. The spectral analysis is performed in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 20,000 nm, while thermal analysis is carried out for the temperature range of 325 K to 800 K. NREL 6A coating was found to result in the highest radiative energy and radiative exergy for both efficiencies and gains, and for the best thermal stability compared to the other coatings.
关键词： selective coating,spectral radiative energy analysis,concentrating solar power systems,spectral radiative exergy analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Lignosulfonate: a Convenient FRET Platform for the Construction of Ratiometric Fluorescence pH-Sensing Probe
摘要： Lignin is a kind of natural fluorescent polymer material. However, the application based on the fluorescent property of lignin was rarely reported. Herein, a non-covalent lignin-based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) system was readily constructed by physical blending method with spirolactam Rhodamine B (SRhB) and lignosulfonate (LS) as the acceptor and donor groups, respectively. The FRET behavior, self-assembly and energy transfer mechanism of SRhB/LS composite were systematically studied. It was demonstrated that LS could be used as a convenient aptamer as energy donor to construct water-soluble ratiometric sensors because of its inherent property of intra-micelle energy transfer cascades. Our results not only presented a facile and general strategy for producing lignin-based functional material, but also provided a fundamental understanding about lignin fluorescent to promote the functional and high-valued applications of lignin fluorescence characteristic.
关键词： lignin,ratiometric sensor,FRET,intra-micelle energy transfer cascade
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Spectrally Resolved Ultrafast Exciton Transfer in Mixed Perovskite Quantum Wells
摘要： Solution-processed perovskite quantum wells have been used to fabricate increasingly efficient and stable optoelectronic devices. Little is known about the dynamics of photogenerated excitons in perovskite quantum wells within the first few hundred femtoseconds – a crucial timescale on which energy and charge transfer processes may compete. Here we use ultrafast transient absorption and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to clarify the movement of excitons and charges in reduced-dimensional perovskite solids. We report excitonic funneling from strongly to weakly confined perovskite quantum wells within 150 fs, facilitated by strong spectral overlap and orientational alignment among neighboring wells. This energy transfer happens on timescales orders of magnitude faster than charge transfer, which we find to occur instead over 10 - 100s of picoseconds. Simulations of both F?rster-type interwell exciton transfer and free carrier charge transfer are in agreement with these experimental findings, with theoretical exciton transfer calculated to occur in 100s of fs.
关键词： energy transfer,Carrier,metal halide perovskite,two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy,layered perovskite,dynamics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Smart Energy Optimization Using Heuristic Algorithm in Smart Grid with Integration of Solar Energy Sources
摘要： Smart grid (SG) vision has come to incorporate various communication technologies, which facilitate residential users to adopt different scheduling schemes in order to manage energy usage with reduced carbon emission. In this work, we have proposed a residential load management mechanism with the incorporation of energy resources (RESs) i.e., solar energy. For this purpose, a real-time electricity price (RTP), energy demand, user preferences and renewable energy parameters are taken as an inputs and genetic algorithm (GA) has been used to manage and schedule residential load with the objective of cost, user discomfort, and peak-to-average ratio (PAR) reduction. Initially, RTP is used to reduce the energy consumption cost. However, to minimize the cost along with reducing the peaks, a combined pricing model, i.e., RTP with inclining block rate (IBR) has been used which incorporates user preferences and RES to optimally schedule load demand. User comfort and cost reduction are contradictory objectives, and difficult to maximize, simultaneously. Considering this trade-off, a combined pricing scheme is modelled in such a way that users are given priority to achieve their objective as per their requirements. To validate and analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm, we first propose mathematical models of all utilized loads, and then multi-objective optimization problem has been formulated. Furthermore, analytical results regarding the objective function and the associated constraints have also been provided to validate simulation results. Simulation results demonstrate a significant reduction in the energy cost along with the achievement of both grid stability in terms of reduced peak and high comfort.
关键词： inclining block rate,real-time pricing,renewable energy sources,appliances scheduling,demand response,genetic algorithm,demand side management
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Operando observation of chemical transformations of iridium oxide during photoelectrochemical water oxidation
摘要： Iridium oxide is one of the few catalysts capable of catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in both acidic and basic conditions. Understanding the mechanism of IrOx under realistic photoelectrochemical conditions is important for the development of integrated water splitting systems. Herein, we have developed a highly efficient OER photoanode in pH 1 aqueous solutions based on a sputtered IrOx film and a p+n-Si light absorber, interfaced with sputtered Au layer. Operando high energy resolution fluorescence detection X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD XAS) was employed to monitor the oxidation state changes of IrOx during both electrochemical and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation reactions in pH 1 aqueous solutions. We observed a gradual increase of the average oxidation state of Ir with increasing anodic potential in the pre-catalytic region, followed by a reduction of Ir under O2 evolution conditions. Consistent results were obtained on dark anodes and illuminated photoanodes. However, when the thickness of IrO2 was increased to 2 and 3 nm, the spectral changes became much less pronounced and the reduction of Ir oxidation state after the OER onset was not observed. This is due to the lower surface to bulk ratio, where lattice oxygen sites in the bulk are not accessible for the formation of hydroxide. More generally, the operando method developed here can be extended to other materials, thereby providing a powerful tool for mechanism discovery and an enabling capability for catalyst design.
关键词： oxygen evolution reaction (OER),electrochemical and photoelectrochemical (PEC),high energy resolution fluorescence detection X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD XAS),iridium oxide,Operando method
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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System Design and Evaluation of a Compact and High Energy X-ray Talbot-Lau Grating Interferometer for Industrial Applications
摘要： X-ray grating interferometry has been an active area of research in recent years. In particular, various studies have been carried out for the practical use of the x-ray grating interferometer in medical and industrial fields. For the commercialization of the system, it needs to be optimized for its application. In this study, we have developed a prototype of the compact high energy x-ray grating interferometer of which the high effective energy and compactness is of our primary feature of design. We have designed the Talbot-Lau x-ray interferometer in a symmetrical geometry with an effective energy of 54.3 keV. The system has a source-to-analyzer grating distance of 788.4 mm, which is compact enough for a commercial product. In a normal operation, it took less than ten seconds to acquire a set of phase stepping images. The acquired images had a maximum visibility of about 15%, which is relatively high compared with the visibilities of the other high-energy grating interferometric systems reported so far.
关键词： X-ray phase contrast imaging,Dark-field imaging,Talbot-Lau interferometry,compact design,High energy phase contrast imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Complementarity between Solar and Wind Energy Potentials in Benin Republic
摘要： This paper presents a study to show the complementarity between solar and wind energy potentials in Benin Republic. Daily wind speed data in the coast of Cotonou city, precisely in Cadjehoun district, has been used to assess wind energy potential. Solar potential is evaluated using spatio temporal daily solar radiation data covering the country. In this research, we have found the locations offering optimal complementarity between solar and wind energy. The complementarity is measured with Pearson correlation coefficient, which is used as objective function to be minimized. The optimization method used is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which has been implemented in Matlab?. We showed that an optimal complementarity is obtained between the coast of Cotonou in the ‘Littoral’ department and the central part of the country in the ‘Collines’ department.
关键词： solar,wind energy,Pearson coefficient,Complementarity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52