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Comparative investigation on the exergoeconomic analysis of solar-driven ejector refrigeration systems
摘要： In this article, the economic performance of the solar-driven steam ejector refrigeration system is addressed due to the rising beneficial adoption of this system with regard to using low-grade heat sources. For this purpose, a detailed exergoeconomic analysis on four proposed configurations of this system integrated with precoolers and/or preheaters is performed. At a refrigerant load of 5 kW, the results of this analysis show that it is more advantageous for all configurations to have evaporators work at 278 K with condensers remain at 311 K, whilst the generators are kept working at 362 K. The characteristics of each configuration are comprehensively discussed and compared. Based on the assessment of economic parameters, the fourth configuration provides the highest exergetic efficiency and the lowest total investment cost (0.1891 $/h) compared to the other configurations. The current work furnishes essential information that paves the way for future exergoeconomic studies in this field.
关键词： Solar energy,Exergoeconomic analysis,Ejector refrigeration system,Exergy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Crystal structure and electrical properties of textured Ba2Bi4Ti5O18 ceramics
摘要： Highly textured Ba2Bi4Ti5O18 ceramic was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). X-ray di?raction of the ceramics revealed the coexistence of a major ferroelectric phase (Space group, SG: B2cb) and a minor paraelectric phase (SG: I4/mmm) at room temperature. A di?used phase transition was observed at around 240 °C. The evolution of the switching current peaks in the electric current vs. electric ?eld (I-E) loops with increasing temperature was interpreted by the structural changes and temperature dependent polarisation reversal processes. The slim polarisation vs. electric ?eld (P-E) loops, the extra switching current peaks in the I-E loops and the non-zero piezoelectric d33 coe?cient indicate that Ba2Bi4Ti5O18 is a relaxor ferroelectric material. The recoverable energy density (0.41 ± 0.01 J/cm3) of Ba2Bi4Ti5O18 ceramics in the perpendicular direction to the SPS pressing direction is close to that of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-based ceramics. The obtained results suggest Ba2Bi4Ti5O18 ceramics might be promising for energy storage applications.
关键词： Ba2Bi4Ti5O18,Texture,Relaxor ferroelectrics,Energy storage,Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Biomimetic anti-reflective triboelectric nanogenerator for concurrent harvesting of solar and raindrop energies
摘要： As a combination of solar cell and water-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), new concept of a solar-cell-based hybrid energy harvester has been proposed. However, previous studies have not fully considered the degradation of optical characteristics due to water-based TENG and energy loss due to an ineffective electrical connection between solar cell and water-based TENG. The 1% degradation in light transmittance by applying the water-based TENG on its outermost part results in more than 1 mW/cm2 output power loss in a solar cell, which cannot be recovered by the instantaneous electrical energy output of water-based TENG. Herein, we report a moth’s eye mimicking TENG (MM-TENG), which can play a role of complementary energy harvester to a conventional solar cell due to its superior specular transmittance (maximum of 91% for visible light). For the first time, we deeply analyze the optical effect of the MM-TENG on a solar cell by investigating solar-weighted transmittance (SWT). The 0.01% improved SWT in the MM-TENG increases the fill factor and power conversion efficiency of solar cell by 0.5% and 0.17%, respectively, compared with a conventional protective glass plate which is always applied in a solar panel. In addition to such prominent high transmittance, the self-cleaning property of the MM-TENG enables the long-term performance of the solar panel. And particularly, this paper reports a novel electric circuit for effective management in a hybrid energy harvester by intermittently transferring the stabilized electrical energy output of the MM-TENG. This work, which addresses issues for the practical utilization of the water-based TENG as a complementary energy harvester to solar cell, would move the water-based TENG one step closer to its practical utilization by resolving critical concerns.
关键词： hybrid energy harvester,property,waterbased,self-cleaning,moth's eye mimicking structure,switching circuit,triboelectric nanogenerator
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Superbound Excitons in 2D Phosphorene Oxides
摘要： The optical excitations in layered phosphorene oxides are studied via ab initio calculation together with GW approximation for the self-energy and solving the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) for the excitations. It is found that the electronic structure of phosphorene oxides closely depend on the oxygen concentration, for the high oxygen coverage structure P4O10, it shows a strong localized molecular like electronic structure with exciton binding (Eb) energy up to 3.0 eV, which is several times larger than the ordinary Eb value in various low dimensional materials. This study may provide an alternative way to design functional layered materials with large exciton binding energy by controlling the oxidation level in phosphorene oxides.
关键词： GW approximation,exciton binding energy,Bethe–Salpeter equation,ab initio calculation,phosphorene oxides
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Electronic band structure of InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice for HOT LWIR detectors
摘要： The InAs/InAs1?xSbx type-II superlattices (T2SLs) grown on GaSb bu?er layer and GaAs substrates have recently been applied for detectors for long wavelength infrared (LWIR) range and high operating temperature (HOT) conditions. The detailed modeling of T2SLs minibands structure required for detector’s design optimization process relies on accurate knowledge of the InAs1?xSbx bandgap and band edge position. The k?p (8 × 8 method) was used to analyze the valence band o?set (VBO) between InAs and InAs1?xSbx, and hence the InAs1?xSbx band edge position at required xSb composition. An increase of the VBO leads to the structure transformation from type-IIb to type-II superlattices. The required energy bandgap can be reached by changing the conduction band o?set (CBO) and the energy bandgap bowing parameter. The temperature dependence of the experimental results of InAs/InAs1?xSbx T2SLs energy bandgap was found to be comparable with theoretical one when energy bandgap bowing parameter is dependent on temperature. The proper ?tting of theoretically calculated and experimentally measured spectral response characteristics was shown.
关键词： Energy-band o?set,InAs/InAs1?xSbx type-II superlattice,T2SLs,LWIR,Infrared detectors
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Study on structural, optical and hydrophilic properties of FTO/TiO2 tandem thin film prepared by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition method
摘要： Homogeneous TiO2 thin films were prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F, FTO) substrate using aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition with nano-TiO2 suspension as precursors. The effects of annealing temperature on the structural, optical, electrical and hydrophilic properties have been investigated in detail. The results revealed that the nano-TiO2 precursors with averages particle size of 5 nm to 7 nm formed a uniform and smooth surface morphology on FTO substrates after annealing process. By controlling annealing temperature, the FTO/TiO2 tandem films simultaneously exhibited excellent emissivity and water contact angle with values of about 0.13 and 5°, respectively. The enhancement of the hydrophilicity was attributed to the emerging heterojunction at the FTO/TiO2 interface. The FTO/TiO2 tandem films prepared here have favorable prospective applications in the field of energy-saving coated glass for their hydrophilicity and low-emissivity performance.
关键词： Low-emissivity,Hydrophilic properties,Tandem films,Energy-saving coated glass
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Energy-enhanced deposition of copper thin films by bipolar high power impulse magnetron sputtering
摘要： Bipolar Pulse High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (BP-HiPIMS) was investigated and used in this work to control the ion bombardment process of growing thin films and to improve their structure and properties. Energy-resolving mass spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of reverse target voltage on the ion energies and fluxes during BP-HiPIMS of a high-purity copper target, in argon gas. It was found that the reverse target voltage provides a wide range of ion energies and fluxes incident to the growing film, which, in turn, produce a wide variety of effects during the deposition process, improving the adhesion strength and influencing both surface and bulk properties. Fast ICCD imaging was used to investigate both HiPIMS and BP-HiPIMS plasma dynamics. The temporal and spatial distributions of plasma potential measurements were performed in order to explain the mechanisms for accelerating the ions. The topological, structural and mechanical properties of the deposited coatings were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanoindentation and scratch tests. The obtained results indicate an energy-enhanced deposition process during BP-HiPIMS, the deposited films being characterized by smooth surfaces, dense microstructure, small inert gas inclusions, high elastic strain to failure, scratch resistance and good adhesion to the substrate. These improvements in the films’ structure and properties may be attributed to the intense and energetic ion bombardment taking place during the deposition process. During BP-HiPIMS operation, there is no net increase in the deposition rate as compared to the monopolar regime due to the re-sputtering process.
关键词： Bipolar Pulse High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (BP-HiPIMS),Tribology,Fast ICCD imaging,Ion energy distributions (IED)
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Growth and surface structural study of tin oxide films on Ag(001)
摘要： Tin oxide was prepared by reactive deposition of Sn in an O2 atmosphere at both room temperature (RT) and high temperature (HT) at 573 K as well from one monolayer to ten monolayer film coverages. The grown films were studied at RT by a combination of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). At RT, the coexistence of both SnO and SnO2 was confirmed by XPS and valence band data with more SnO being formed at higher coverage. However, only one oxidised phase of tin oxide mainly due to SnO2 was formed at HT for most of the coverage. Presence of SnO was also confirmed only at the highest coverage studied here for HT. A multidomain LEED pattern having square (1 × 1) domains at 30° to each other was reported for low coverage of tin oxide at RT, which with an increase in coverage, gives rise to diffused background confirming no ordered tin oxide was formed. The similar multi-domain structure was also noticed for HT growth from lower coverage up to 5 monolayer equivalent (MLE) coverage which then transformed into hexagonal multidomain LEED pattern for higher coverage confirming the presence of clear oxide phase, unlike the RT growth case.
关键词： Thin films,Low energy electron diffraction,Photoemission spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Diameter dependent transparency changes of nanorod-based large-area flexible smart window devices
摘要： Saving energy and designing an environmentally friendly atmosphere in modern buildings will require smart windows that can adapt to a variety of conditions and requirements, such as weather, human load and personal desire. The key element of such windows is the material system that transmits light in and out of the building in a controlled manner. To address the need for such a system, here we report the fabrication of novel, flexible, large-area devices that are based on suspended organometallic nanorods. As a result of the detailed characterization and extensive optimization of nanorod synthesis and device fabrication, our fabricated devices achieve superior optical and stability performances, with optical modulation as high as 73.7% (the highest value reported to date) and bending capability up to 180 degrees without any structural damage. This performance is further reinforced by repeated switching testing between high (“on”) and low (“off”) optical transmittance states over 500 cycles. Finally, we are able to scale up the fabrication of such devices to large areas (24 cm by 9 cm, size limited by our laboratory-scale doctor blade), underlining the possibility of adopting the results reported herein for future flexible smart windows and electronics. An interesting finding that the eventual SPD performance is indeed largely dependent on the diameter of the nanorods instead of their aspect ratios provides useful guidelines for future development.
关键词： flexible devices,energy saving,optical modulation,organometallic nanorods,smart windows
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Direct storage of holes in ultrathin Ni(OH) <sub/>2</sub> on Fe <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> photoelectrodes for integrated solar charging battery-type supercapacitors
摘要： Energy storage is a very significant issue for utilization of solar energy due to its discontinuous and unstable energy flux. Herein, for the first time, we propose a Fe2O3@Ni(OH)2 core–shell nanorod array as a photoelectrochemical battery-type supercapacitor for the direct storage of solar energy. Under light illumination, Fe2O3 absorbs solar energy and produces electron–hole pairs, while Ni(OH)2 stores the photo-generated holes, which can be released as electricity when the light is switched off. In addition, by controlling the valence band position of the semiconductor and the thickness of Ni(OH)2, the side reaction of water oxidation (electrolyte decomposition), which is harmful for the applications of a photoelectrochemical supercapacitor, can be completely suppressed. As a consequence, the specific capacitance of the Fe2O3@Ni(OH)2 photoelectrochemical supercapacitor is enhanced up to 20.6 mF cm?2 at a discharge current density of 0.1 mA cm?2, which is about 4.5 times that of BiVO4/PbOx reported in a previous study. This study offers a very promising device for the direct storage of solar energy and deepens our understanding on the interface charge transfer between a photoelectrode and a battery-type capacitive material.
关键词： water oxidation suppression,Fe2O3@Ni(OH)2,photoelectrochemical supercapacitor,core–shell nanorod array,solar energy storage
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14