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Dual-Phase Molybdenum Nitride Nanorambutans for Solar Steam Generation under One Sun Illumination
摘要： Water evaporation and steam production have been recognized to be considerably crucial due to the vast applications, ranging from waste water treatment, water purification, to alternative green energy solutions by water splitting, catalysis, and in-door heating. Albeit the big variety of photothermal conversion materials (PCMs) developed for this purpose, certain drawbacks, e.g. high cost, complicated synthesis, weak/narrow absorbance, bulkiness, and low evaporation rate, have hindered the application potential. Herein, we report the dual-phase molybdenum nitride nanorambutans, synthesized by a facile method, for solar steam generation. Not only the inherent properties, including strong full-spectrum absorbance, high-efficiency photothermal conversion, and super-hydrophilicity, benefit their water evaporation performance, the interconnected open mesopores of the nanorambutans further boost their capability of light harvesting and water/vapor transportation. Solar energy conversion efficiency of ～97% under one sun together with excellent cycling stability has been demonstrated. In the desalination systems, integrating with the high salt rejection rate, the nanorambutans film can produce a water evaporation rate as high as ～1.70 kg m?2 h?1 with an efficiency of ～98%. Besides its compact size, the record-breaking water evaporation performance of these nanorambutans has exceeded the previous best inorganic PCM. This work introduces molybdenum nitride as a new PCM for efficient solar steam generation and all applications that can benefit from highly localized heating from nano to macro scale.
关键词： desalination,water evaporation,photothermal conversion,molybdenum nitride,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Iodide Photoredox and Bond Formation Chemistry
摘要： Iodide redox chemistry is intimately coupled with the formation and breaking of chemical bonds that are relevant to emerging solar energy technologies. In this Account, recent advances in dye-sensitized iodide oxidation chemistry in organic solutions are described. Here RuII sensitizers with high cationic charge, tuned reduction potentials, and specific iodide receptor site(s) are shown to self-assemble in organic solvents and yield structures that rapidly oxidize iodide and generate I?I bonds when illuminated with visible light. These studies provided new insights into the fascinating behavior of our most polarizable and easily oxidized monatomic anion.
关键词： iodide,bond formation,RuII sensitizers,photoredox,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Metal–Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis and Photothermal Catalysis
摘要： To meet the ever-increasing global demand for energy, conversion of solar energy to chemical/thermal energy is very promising. Light-mediated catalysis, including photocatalysis (organic transformations, water splitting, CO2 reduction, etc.) and photothermal catalysis play key roles in solar to chemical/thermal energy conversion via the light?matter interaction. The major challenges in traditional semiconductor photocatalysts include insufficient sunlight utilization, charge carrier recombination, limited exposure of active sites, and particularly the difficulty of understanding the structure?activity relationship. Metal?organic frameworks (MOFs), featuring semiconductor-like behavior, have recently captured broad interest toward photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis because of their well-defined and tailorable porous structures, high surface areas, etc. These advantages are beneficial for rational structural modulation for improved light harvesting and charge separation as well as other effects, greatly helping to address the aforementioned challenges and especially facilitating the establishment of the structure?activity relationship. Therefore, it is increasingly important to summarize this research field and provide in-depth insight into MOF-based photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis to accelerate the future development.
关键词： Charge separation,Photocatalysis,Light harvesting,Solar energy conversion,Photothermal catalysis,Metal?organic frameworks
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Multi-Color Luminescent m-LaPO <sub/>4</sub> :Ce/Tb Monospheres of High Efficiency via Topotactic Phase Transition and Elucidation of Energy Interaction
摘要： Monoclinic (m-) structured (La0.96?xCe0.04Tbx)PO4 phosphor monospheres (x = 0?0.12) of excellent dispersion and morphology uniformity were calcined (≥600 °C) from their precipitated precursor spheres (～2.0 μm) of a hexagonal (h-) structure for efficient and multicolor luminescence. The h → m phase transition, driven by dehydration, was originally proposed to proceed in a topotactic manner, which involves displacement of the RE-O polyhedra (RE: rare-earth) along the a/b axis and slight expansion of the {010} and {100} interplanar spacings of the hydrated h-phase to form the {120} and {100} planes of the anhydrous m-phase, respectively. Analysis of the energy process involving the optically active Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions found efficient Ce3+ → Tb3+ energy transfer occurring via electric dipole?quadrupole interaction, whose efficiency reached the highest value of ～44.48% at x = 0.10. The Tb3+ codoped phosphors simultaneously displayed the characteristic emissions of Ce3+ (～313 nm) and Tb3+ (～545 nm) upon exciting the Ce3+ ions with 275 nm UV light, with which the emission color was finely tuned from dark blue to green by increasing the Tb3+ content. Fluorescence decay analysis found decreasing and almost constant lifetime values for the Ce3+ and Tb3+ emissions at a higher Tb3+ content, respectively, and the phosphor presented the highest external quantum efficiency of ～84.67% at x = 0.10. The excellent luminescent performance and morphology uniformity may allow the monospheres to find application in lighting and display technologies.
关键词： LaPO4,Ce/Tb,energy transfer,multicolor luminescence,quantum efficiency,Monoclinic
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A porous Ni-O/Ni/Si photoanode for stable and efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
摘要： Excellent photoelectrochemical activity was demonstrated for an easily prepared porous Ni-O/Ni/Si photoanode with an onset potential of 0.93 VRHE, a photocurrent of 39.7 mA cm?2 at 1.23 VRHE, an energy conversion efficiency of 3.2% and a stability above 100 h.
关键词： stability,water splitting,porous Ni-O/Ni/Si photoanode,energy conversion efficiency,photoelectrochemical
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A coherent derivation of the Ewald summation for arbitrary orders of multipoles: The self-terms
摘要： In this work, we provide the mathematical elements we think essential for a proper understanding of the calculus of the electrostatic energy of point-multipoles of arbitrary order under periodic boundary conditions. The emphasis is put on the expressions of the so-called self-parts of the Ewald summation where different expressions can be found in the literature. Indeed, such expressions are of prime importance in the context of new generation polarizable force field where the self-field appears in the polarization equations. We provide a general framework, where the idea of the Ewald splitting is applied to the electric potential and, subsequently, all other quantities such as the electric field, the energy, and the forces are derived consistently thereof. Mathematical well-posedness is shown for all these contributions for any order of multipolar distribution.
关键词： Ewald summation,periodic boundary conditions,multipoles,polarizable force field,electrostatic energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Blocked populations in ring-shaped optical lattices
摘要： We study a special dynamical regime of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a ring-shaped lattice where the populations in each site remain constant during the time evolution. The states in this regime are characterized by equal occupation numbers in alternate wells and nontrivial phases, while the phase differences between neighboring sites evolve in time yielding persistent currents that oscillate around the lattice. We show that the velocity circulation around the ring lattice alternates between two values determined by the number of wells and with a specific time period that is only driven by the on-site interaction energy parameter. In contrast to the self-trapping regime present in optical lattices, the occupation number at each site does not show any oscillation and the particle imbalance does not possess a lower bound for the phenomenon to occur. These findings are predicted with a multimode model and confirmed by full three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii simulations using an effective on-site interaction energy parameter.
关键词： on-site interaction energy,Bose-Einstein condensate,persistent currents,Gross-Pitaevskii simulations,multimode model,ring-shaped lattice
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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centers in amorphous
摘要： We investigate the charge-trapping behavior in nitrogen-deficient amorphous silicon nitride (a-Si3N4?x) using first-principles calculations. The amorphous ensembles with one nitrogen atom missing are generated through melt-quench procedures. The nitrogen deficiency mainly produces one Si—Si bond and one K center (Si dangling bond). The energy level of defect states indicates that the K centers act as possible trap sites. The transition levels of K centers are estimated, and it is found that the Hubbard U energy ranges from ?1.14 to 1.11 eV. Even though most K centers show positive U, the charge states of most centers in the ensemble are either positive or negative under the charge-neutrality condition, resulting in 'seemingly negative-U' behavior. This is consistent with the diamagnetic signal in experiments. The charge-injection energy of K centers is evaluated on the basis of the Franck-Condon approximation, and the average trap depths for electrons (1.33 eV below the conduction edge) and holes (1.54 eV above the valence edge) are in good agreement with experimental data.
关键词： K centers,Franck-Condon approximation,first-principles calculations,Hubbard U energy,amorphous silicon nitride,charge-trapping behavior
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) - Glasgow, United Kingdom (2018.9.4-2018.9.7)] 2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) - Manage Reverse Power Flow and Fault Current Level in LV Network with High Penetration of Small Scale Solar and Wind Power Generation
摘要： High penetration level of rooftop small-scale renewable energy generation (REG) such as solar and wind power into the existing low voltage (LV) network would cause the flow of power in reverse direction. This would also vary the level of short-circuit current required for relays to operate. Relay settings would be required to properly detect the unpredictable isolate the faulty section. This paper investigates the impact of residential distributed generation (DG) penetration level on the typical UK low voltage network protection system. Studies were commenced to properly charge and discharge the home connected energy storage battery (ESB). ESB is used as a remedial measure to confine the flow of reverse power due to rooftop DGs. Penetration level DGs are modeled based on proper ESB charging and discharging states in daily load cycle. Short circuit analysis results are compared with the UK passive network to investigate the impact of the DG on the short circuit currents at distribution transformer.
关键词： UK distribution network,short circuit analysis,Rooftop DG penetration,energy storage batteries,reverse power flow
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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The Sommerfeld ground-wave limit for a molecule adsorbed at a surface
摘要： Using a mid-infrared emission spectrometer based on a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD), we observe the dynamics of vibrational energy pooling of CO adsorbed at the surface of a NaCl crystal. After exciting a majority of the CO molecules to their first vibrationally excited state (v = 1), we observe infrared emission from states up to v = 27. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations show that vibrational energy collects in a few CO molecules at the expense of those up to eight lattice sites away by selective excitation of NaCl’s transverse phonons. The vibrating CO molecules behave like classical oscillating dipoles, losing their energy to NaCl lattice-vibrations via the electromagnetic near-field. This is analogous to Sommerfeld’s description of the Earth’s influence on radio transmission by ground waves.
关键词： vibrational energy pooling,NaCl crystal,superconducting nanowire single-photon detector,electromagnetic near-field,Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations,Sommerfeld ground-wave limit,CO adsorbed
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14