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Energy Payback Time of a Rooftop Photovoltaic System in Greece
摘要： Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is an important tool to quantitatively assess energy consumption and environmental impact of any product. Current research related to energy consumption in buildings moves towards Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB). In such a building, an important issue concerns the energy production by renewable sources, including on-site production. The most feasible way to achieve renewable energy utilization in a building level in Greece is by using rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) systems, also promoted in the last decade by the national legislation concerning energy conservation measures. Apart from cost-related issues and payback times, Embodied Energy (EE) and Embodied CO2 (ECO2) emissions have also to be considered against the anticipated corresponding savings. Using a particular PV system as a case study, its basic constitutive materials are determined and their masses are calculated. Embodied energy values are estimated by using embodied energy coefficients available in the international literature. Considering a specific geographic location in Greece for the building on which the PV is installed, the annual energy generated by the system is estimated based on its performance data and curves. The Energy and CO2 Payback Times (EPBT and CO2PBT) are estimated and assessed, as well as future work is suggested.
关键词： Photovoltaic systems,CO2 Payback Time,Embodied CO2,Energy Payback Time,Life Cycle Analysis,Nearly Zero Energy Building,Embodied Energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A gridded optimization model for photovoltaic applications
摘要： This study aims to develop a gridded optimization model for studying photovoltaic applications in Nordic countries. The model uses the spatial and temporal data generated by the mesoscale models STR?NG and MESAN developed by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The model is developed based on the comparison between five irradiance databases, three decomposition models, two transposition models, and two photovoltaic models. Several techno-economic and environmental aspects of photovoltaic systems and photovoltaic systems integrated with batteries are investigated from a spatial perspective.
关键词： Self-consumption,Photovoltaics,Optimization,Sweden,Solar irradiance assessment,Energy payback time
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Operational Performance and Degradation Influenced Life Cycle Environmentala??Economic Metrics of mc-Si, a-Si and HIT Photovoltaic Arrays in Hot Semi-arid Climates
摘要： Life cycle metrics evolution specific to the climate zone of photovoltaic (PV) operation would give detailed insights on the environmental and economic performance. At present, vast literature is available on the PV life cycle metrics where only the output energies ignoring the degradation rate (DR) influence. In this study, the environ-economic analysis of three PV technologies, namely, multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si) and hetero-junction with an intrinsic thin layer (HIT) have been carried out in identical environmental conditions. The energy performance parameters and the DR rate of three PV technologies are evaluated based on the monitored real time data from the installation site in hot semi-arid climates. The assessment demonstrates that the HIT PV module technology exhibits more suitable results compared to mc-Si and a-Si PV systems in hot semi-arid climatic conditions of India. Moreover, energy metrices which includes energy payback time (EPBT), energy production factor (EPF) and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) of the HIT technologies are found to be 1.0, 24.93 and 0.15 years, respectively. HIT PV system has higher potential to mitigate the CO2 and carbon credit earned compared to mc-Si and a-Si PV system under hot semi-arid climate. However, the annualized uniform cost (UAC) for mc-Si (3.60 Rs/kWh) and a-Si (3.40 Rs/kWh) are more admissible in relation to the HIT (6.63 Rs/kWh) PV module type. We conclude that the approach of considering DR influenced life cycle metrics over the traditional approach can support to identify suitable locations for specific PV technology.
关键词： annualized uniform cost,amorphous silicon,crystalline solar cells,life cycle assessment,PV cells,energy payback time,life cycle metrics,HIT,photovoltaic systems,degradation rate
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of adjacent shading on the energy and environmental performance of photovoltaic glazing system in building application
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) system is a commonly adopted renewable energy system in building application. In most of the assessments on PV system, there is no consideration on adjacent shading effect cast by surrounding buildings which may lead to over-estimation of PV energy generation and inaccurate calculation of energy payback time (EPBT). This paper investigates the effect of adjacent shading on energy generation and EPBT of PV system. A survey had been conducted to identify and select 25 existing commercial buildings with different degrees of adjacent shading (expressed in terms of sky view factors (SVF), ranging from 0.16 to 0.95) and orientations. Through computer simulations using EnergyPlus, it reveals the significance of adjacent shading effect on the PV energy generation as well as EPBT of building-integrated PV glazing system for the 25 selected buildings, in terms of two ratios, namely PV electricity energy ratio (0.18e0.84) and energy payback time ratio (1.17e5.74). Moreover, a correlation between SVF and PV electricity energy ratio was established (PVEE Ratio ? 0.3867 SVF2 t 0.4176 SVF t 0.0975) with which building professionals can evaluate the PV energy generated and EPBT of a building-integrated PV glazing system in building application, under adjacent shading effect.
关键词： Adjacent shading effect,Sky view factor,Photovoltaic system in building application,Embodied energy in photovoltaic system,Energy payback time
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52