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[IEEE 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Angers, France (2019.7.9-2019.7.13)] 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Erbium-Doped Polymer Waveguide Amplifiers for Board-Level Optical Interconnects
摘要： Optical interconnects have an important role to play in next-generation high-performance electronic systems by enabling power-efficient high-speed board-level communication links. Polymer-based optical waveguides is a leading technology for integrating optical links onto standard printed circuit boards as it is sufficiently low cost and enables cost-effective manufacturing and assembly. Various polymer-based optical backplanes have been reported in recent years enabling different on-board interconnection architectures. However, all currently demonstrated systems are purely passive, which limits therefore the reach, complexity and functionality of these on-board systems. Here, we present recent simulation and experimental studies towards the development of Er-doped polymer-based waveguide amplifiers. Two different approaches to integrate Er-doped materials in siloxane polymer are investigated: (i) ultrafast laser plasma implantation of Er-doped glasses and (ii) solution-based dispersion of Er-doped nanoparticles. Experimental and simulation results on the achievable performance from such waveguide amplifiers are presented focusing on impact of the waveguide loss and upconversion on the gain figure.
关键词： EDWA,upconversion,polymer,optical interconnect,erbium
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Wide and Continuous Tunable Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on the Graphene Oxide
摘要： In addition to the artificial saturable absorber (SA) like the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR), the investigation of peculiar soliton dynamics from passive mode-locked fiber laser (PML-FL) can be produced based on the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) and various nanomaterials, like the carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), topological insulator (Bi2Se3) with lower mode-locked threshold. In comparison with other SAs, GO reveals various advantages including relative widely operation bandwidth, easy fabrication, low saturation intensity, ultrashort recovery time. For specific application, the wavelength tuning of PML-FL is required but is limited for the SESAM or CN. Recently, the wavelength tuning of mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser (EDFL) around 1570-1600 nm has been demonstrated based on graphene because of its relative wide absorption range. In this work, we demonstrated the fine tuning of emission peak wavelength of EDFL based on the GO/PVA film.
关键词： Erbium-doped fiber laser,mode-locked,graphene oxide,wavelength tuning
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Q-switching Zirconia-Erbium-doped Pulsed Fiber Laser with MWCNTs-PEO as Saturable Absorber
摘要： Q-switched pulses provide a significant contribution to recent biomedical applications such as laser treatment, medical imaging, biomedical diagnoses and spectroscopy due to high efficiency, compact device, less footprint, flexibility and cost effective. A successful generation of Q-switching pulsed fiber laser by using a homemade fiber of zirconia-based erbium-doped fiber (Zr-EDF) with the utilization multi-walled carbon nanotubes-polyethylene oxide (MWCNTs-PEO) as saturable absorber is reported. The active medium is 1 meter length of Zr-EDF with -0.6 ps2 group delay dispersion (GDD) for overall setup arrangement. At maximum pump power 126 mW, the repetition rate, pulse duration, output power and pulse energy are 17.3 kHz, 7.57 μs, 1.13 mW and 65.03 nJ, respectively.
关键词： MWCNTs-PEO,Saturable Absorber,Pulsed Fiber Laser,Q-switching,Zirconia-Erbium-doped fiber
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Treatment of Congenital Melanocytic Nevi in the Eyelid and Periorbital Region With Ablative Lasers
摘要： Background: Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) that occur on the eyelid and periorbital region cause cosmetic disfiguring. Laser treatment has aroused interest as an alternative treatment method, and resurfacing lasers have shown promising results. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide laser and erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser to treat CMN of the eyelid and periorbital region. Methods and Materials: Twenty patients with CMN were included in this study and were treated with either the CO2 or erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser. Clinical efficacy outcomes were evaluated by visual assessment and L*a*b* color space evaluation at least 6 months after treatment. Results: The average (SD) visual evaluation improvement, assessed on a 5-point scale, was 2.8 (1.27). The mean (SD) values of the relative L* improvement rate and blanching rate of the CMN lesion were 32.0% (47.9%) and 34.1% (36.2%), respectively. Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the objective and subjective evaluations was significant (P < 0.001). Three cases developed partial hypopigmentation. No patient developed hypertrophic scars. Conclusion: The outcomes after laser treatment were variable, although half of the patients achieved greater than 50% clearance. It provides an alternative to surgical excision for the removal of CMN in the difficult regions. Surgery excision is inevitable for some patients.
关键词： carbon dioxide laser,eyelid and periorbital region,congenital melanocytic nevi,ablative laser,Erbium:YAG laser
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A theoretical investigation of erbium‐doped fiber laser as a function of ion‐clustering, temperature, pumping wavelength, and configuration
摘要： The lasing performance of an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) is affected by several factors such as doping concentrations, erbium-ion clustering, pumping wavelength, pumping configuration, and temperature. In this article, the performance of an EDFL has been investigated as a function of erbium-ion clustering, pumping wavelength, pumping configuration, and temperature. In our investigation, we have found that power degradation, which happens due to ion-clustering, at around 1530 nm is less affected for 980 nm pumping than for 1480 nm pumping. Moreover, a wider tuning range is achieved for 980 nm pumping than 1480 nm pumping. Our simulation results also show that the forward pumping configuration is suitable for a wider tuning range. To our best knowledge, pumping wavelength and configuration effects on an EDFL performance have not been investigated yet. We have also investigated the temperature effects on an EDFL performance and found little influence on lasing performance, at least within 30°C to 80°C.
关键词： doping concentration,pumping wavelength,temperature,pumping configuration,erbium-ion clustering,erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Unified Formalism for Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers and Lasers
摘要： A comprehensive and integrated exact analytical formalism is presented for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers (EDFALs) in one single configuration based on solutions of a system of rate and propagation equations represented by a homogenously broadened four band transition scheme while incorporating amplified spontaneous emission and excited state absorption effects. The formalism, under steady-state conditions, concurrently provides considerable insight into physical characteristics underlying phenomena pertinent to EDFALs and allows precise evaluation of behavior exhibited by EDFALs through a judicious selection of pump intensity and fiber length in standard eye-safe low-erbium concentration uniformly doped mono-mode silica glass fibers in co- and counter- propagating directions appropriate to signal, pump and ASE regimes.
关键词： analytical modeling,erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,optical fiber communication,erbium-doped fiber lasers
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A broadband-sensitive upconverter: garnet-type Ca <sub/>3</sub> Ga <sub/>2</sub> Ge <sub/>3</sub> O <sub/>12</sub> codoped with Er <sup>3+</sup> , Y <sup>3+</sup> , Li <sup>+</sup> , Ni <sup>2+</sup> , and Nb <sup>5+</sup>
摘要： We have developed a new broadband-sensitive photon upconversion (UC) material that can be used for transparent ceramic plates mounted on the rear faces of crystalline silicon solar cells. We selected the host material of a cubic crystal structure codoped with Er3+ and Ni2+ so that the Ni2+ dopants were fully activated to sensitize the Er3+ emitters. In garnet-type Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 with additional codopants of Nb5+ and Li+ for charge compensation, all the Ni2+ dopants occupied the six-coordinated Ga3+ sites, leading to highly efficient energy transfer from the Ni2+ to the Er3+. Formation of four-coordinated Ni2+ that quenches the UC emission of the Er3+ was prevented, because Ni2+ cannot substitute the four-coordinated Ge4+ much smaller than Ni2+. Consequently, energy dissipation from the Er3+ to the Ni2+ was well reduced compared with the previously developed Gd3Ga5O12:Er,Ni,Nb in which the Ni2+ dopants partially occupied the four-coordinated Ga3+ sites. Additional introduction of Y3+ and Li+ enhanced optical transitions and improved the UC performance, owing to more enhanced lattice distortion, along with eliminating different phases. The optimal composition (Ca0.6Er0.1Y0.1Li0.2)3(Ga0.98Ni0.01Nb0.01)2Ge3O12 exhibited a broadband sensitivity ranging from 1.1 μm (the absorption edge of silicon) to 1.6 μm for the UC emission at 0.98 μm.
关键词： solar cell,photoluminescence,up-conversion,erbium/erbium compounds,energy transfer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Conductivity of Nano-Crystalline Erbium Sesquioxide by the Precipitation Method and Subsequent Calcination
摘要： Due to its superior properties, erbium sesquioxide, Er2O3, is considered as an important material for applications in various fields such as corrosion-resistant coating, electrical insulating coating, in sensing membranes, semiconductor devices, as catalyst, and for applications in nuclear engineering. In the open literature there is a lack of information about the preparation of Er2O3 nanoparticles using the homogenous precipitation and subsequent calcination route. In this paper a facile method for the synthesis of Er2O3 nanoparticles is suggested. The fabrication was carried out by using the homogeneous precipitation of an erbium ions using sodium hydroxide followed by the calcination process. The influence of: (i) the pH value (9-12) during precipitation process, and (ii) the calcination temperature 300-700 °C on the structural and textural properties of the solids obtained will be addressed. The thermal events accompanying the heat treatment of the dried parent was monitored using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Various physicochemical techniques were used for investigating the structure and morphology of Er2O3 nanoparticles. These include X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, filed emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the calcined samples with temperature was measured.
关键词： precipitation method,nanocrystalline erbium oxide,Er2O3,electrical conductivity,erbium sesquioxide,Er2O3 nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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NUV light induced visible emission in Er <sup>3+</sup> ‐activated NaSrLa(MoO <sub/>4</sub> )O <sub/>3</sub> phosphors for green LEDs and thermometer
摘要： Er3+‐activated NaSrLa(MoO4)O3 phosphors were synthesized by a traditional solid‐state reaction technique, which exhibited bright green emissions ascribing to the (2H11/2, 4S3/2) → 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ ions under 377 nm excitation. The luminescence intensity increased with increasing the Er3+ ion concentration and achieved its maximum value when the doping concentration was 4 mol%. Moreover, the critical distance was estimated to be 25.32 ?, and the dipole‐dipole interaction played a significant role in NR energy transfer between Er3+ ions in NaSrLa(MoO4)O3 host lattices. At a forward bias current of 100 mA, the Light Emitting Diode (LED) device emitted a bright green emission with the color coordinate of (0.2547, 0.5996) that can be observed by the naked eye. Besides, based on the thermally coupled levels of 2H11/2 and 4S3/2, the temperature sensing performances of the prepared phosphors in the temperature range of 303‐483 K were studied using the fluorescence intensity ratio technique. The maximum sensor sensitivity was about 0.0150 K?1 when the temperature was 483 K, and the Er3+ ion concentration largely influenced the sensor sensitivity of studied samples. Furthermore, the prepared phosphors exhibited excellent water resistance and thermal stability behavior. These characteristics demonstrated that the Er3+ activated NaSrLa(MoO4)O3 phosphors were dual‐functional materials for solid‐state illumination and non‐contact temperature measurement.
关键词： erbium,phosphors,sensors,light emitting diode
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Saturable Absorption with CNT Coupled WGM and Fabrication of Er-Doped Microresonator for on-Chip Mode-Locked Laser
摘要： Mode-locked (ML) fiber lasers are becoming key components in industry, because they provide high performance while being relatively inexpensive. The generation of high-repetition rate pulses is gaining interest but it remains a challenge to achieve a GHz repetition rate with fiber lasers. On the other hand, whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators allow the strong confinement of light and miniaturizing an ML laser into a WGM microresonator will enable us to achieve a high pulse repetition rate, a small footprint and on-chip integrability. In this work, we explore the possibility of a passive ML laser with the system shown in Fig. 1(a). There are two key technologies involved; one is saturable absorption (SA) and the other is laser gain in a microresonator. First, we verified numerically that we could realize an ML laser with our proposed carbon nanotube (CNT) coupled erbium (Er) doped microresonator, and the result is shown in Fig. 1(b). We modelled our system with a nonlinear Schr?dinger equation, where we took gain and SA (also loss (Q), Kerr effect, and dispersion) into account [2]. The result shows that a self-starting ML is possible with microresonator parameters. Next, encouraged by the numerical result, we experimentally demonstrated SA in a microtoroid. We grew CNTs selectively on a silica microtoroid by chemical vapor deposition and investigated the SA behavior (Fig. 1(c)). By performing a pump-probe like experiment we successfully characterized the SA behavior in a microresonator system. This is the first demonstration of SA in a WGM microcavity system [1]. We then fabricated an Er-doped active microtoroid by using the sol-gel method. The sol-gel method is one way of forming silica from a metal alkoxide precursor. Although sol-gel has been widely used, it is still a challenge to fabricate high-quality defect-free film on a Si wafer that allows us to fabricate an ultrahigh-Q WGM microresonator. Figure 1(d)-(f) shows the fabricated films. We found optimum parameters and obtained a clean film as shown in Fig. 1(g). By using this film, we fabricated an Er-doped WGM microresonator, where the Q was 1.2×106 at 1480 nm (Fig. 1(h)). We obtained clear up-conversion luminescence when we pumped the cavity at 1480 nm, which constitutes the first step towards ML lasing in such a WGM microresonator. In summary, these results provide a promising approach for realizing an on-chip high repetition rate ML WGM microresonator.
关键词： saturable absorption,sol-gel method,carbon nanotube,whispering-gallery-mode microresonators,erbium-doped microresonator,Mode-locked fiber lasers
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04