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Role of co-doping on structural, optical and magnetic properties of nano-crystalline ZnO thin films
摘要： This paper refers to investigation of structure, surface morphology, optical parameters and magnetic characteristics of the prepared ZnO thin films when Co concentration varies from 1 to 5 at wt %. X-ray diffraction study revealed that deposited films were poly-crystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The band gap energy was calculated by using the envelope method. It’s value was decreased from 3.334 to 3.22 eV with increasing Co concentration up to 4 at wt % and then increased to 3.335 eV for 5 at wt% Co. The magnetic study indicated a ferromagnetic trend for all thin films. An oxygen vacancies–related F-center is a possible physical mechanism for generation of ferromagnetism. Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibited rough and porous morphology.
关键词： sol-gel,Thin films,ZnO,Ferromagnetism,doping
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Contents: (Adv. Funct. Mater. 44/2018)
摘要： Silica nanofibrous membranes produced by direct electrospinning of a sol-gel solution without a sacrificing polymer allow high-end separation and purification due to a high thermal and chemical resistance. The water repellent or absorbing nature can be tuned by applying a humidity or thermal treatment. It is showcased that fast gravity driven membrane separation of heterogeneous azeotropes can be achieved.
关键词： thermal resistance,chemical resistance,sol-gel,electrospinning,azeotrope separation,silica nanofibrous membranes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) - Lausanne (2018.7.29-2018.8.2)] 2018 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) - Selective Infiltration Damping of MEMS Scanning Mirrors
摘要： Quasi-static MEMS scanning mirrors are used for optical beam steering on arbitrary trajectories. They have to provide a broad mechanical bandwidth depending on the desired speed. In this work an approach by passive damping of the MEMS mirrors with gel droplets is described, that allows to increase the usable bandwidth. In order to achieve this, a dielectric gel is dispensed into the mirrors' structure. The appropriate infiltration method is presented. Static and dynamic properties such as maximum tilt angle and frequency response are investigated. Furthermore the reduction of parasitic effects like the coupling of the two axes of the mirror is discussed.
关键词： damping,frequency response,viscoelastic gel,scanning mirror,MEMS
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Microwave Sol-Gel Derived PbY2(MoO4)4:Er3+/Yb3+ Double Molybdate and Their Up-Converted Optical Properties
摘要： PbY2-x(MoO4)4:Er3+/Yb3+ double molybdate phosphors with the correct doped concentrations of Er3+ and Yb3+ (x = Er3+ + Yb3+, Er3+ = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and Yb3+= 0, 0.2, 0.45) were precisely prepared using the sol-gel method assisted by the microwave technique; their up-converted optical properties were studied. The particles showed well-crystallized morphology after heat-treated at 900 °C for 16 h. They had a homogeneous and fine morphology with grain sizes of 2-5 μm. After excitation at 980 nm, the PbY1.7(MoO4)4:Er0.1/Yb0.2 and PbY1.5(MoO4)4:Er0.05/Yb0.45 double molybdates provided a strong up-converted emission band of 525 nm, a weak up-converted emission band of 550 nm in the green region and a very weak up-converted emission band of 655 nm in the red region. The spectroscopic spectra of Raman for the doped molybdates showed the presence of strong peaks at higher and lower frequencies. It was induced by highly modulated structures of PbY2-x(MoO4)4 by the incorporation of the Er3+ and Yb3+ ions into the crystal lattice. These results were attributed to the unit cell shrinkage as well as the anion deficient of the MoO4-x group.
关键词： PbY2-x(MoO4)4:Er3+/Yb3+,Sol-gel,Up-converted photoluminescence,Raman spectroscopy,Microwave
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Poly(acrylamide- <i>co</i> -acrylic acid) gel polymer electrolyte incorporating with water-soluble sodium sulfide salt for quasi-solid-state quantum dot-sensitized solar cell
摘要： Rapid decay of photoanode, leakage from sealant, and evaporation of electrolyte are always the major concerns of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) based on liquid electrolyte. Subsequently, gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) appears as an attractive solution in addition to lower cost, lighter weight, and flexibility. Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PAAm-PAA) is of special interest to act as a polymer host to entrap liquid electrolyte because it provides high transparency, good gelatinizing properties, and excellent compatibility with the liquid electrolyte. In this work, the electrical and transport properties of PAAm-PAA GPE incorporating with water-soluble sodium sulfide were characterized by impedance spectroscopy. An increment of ionic conductivity was observed with the incorporation of ethylene carbonate (EC) and potassium chloride (KCl). The highest room temperature ionic conductivity of PAAm-PAA GPE is 70.82 mS·cm?1. QDSC based on PAAm-PAA GPE with the composition of 1.3 wt% of KCl, 0.9 wt% of EC, 55.3 wt% of PAAm-PAA, 38.5 wt% of sodium sulfide, and 4.0 wt% of sulfur can present up to 1.80% of light-to-electricity conversion efficiency.
关键词： gel polymer electrolyte,additive,Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid),quantum dot-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Gel-based analysis of protein phosphorylation status by rapid fluorometric staining using TAMRA-labeled Phos-tag
摘要： Phosphorylation, one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins, plays a critical role in many biological processes. We have previously developed several analytical methods for determining the phosphorylation status of certain proteins by using a phosphate-capturing binuclear metal complex known as Phos-tag. Here, we describe a novel method for the gel-based in vitro analysis of the phosphorylation status of a protein by a simple and rapid fluorometric staining method that uses a tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)-labeled Phos-tag derivative (TAMRA–Phos-tag). The entire staining protocol, which requires less than 2 h to complete, uses three buffer solutions for staining, washing, and dilution, respectively, at room temperature. The gel-based analysis of phosphoproteins in a polyacrylamide gel can be conducted by using a fluorescence imaging scanner with a 532-nm excitation laser and a 580-nm longpass emission filter. As a practical example of the use of the TAMRA–Phos-tag staining method, we examined the time course of dephosphorylation of ovalbumin by an alkaline phosphatase. In addition, inhibitor profiling of a tyrosine kinase Abl was performed by using an Abl-substrate (GST-Abltide) and an Abl-inhibitor (Imatinib).
关键词： phosphoprotein-selective staining,kinase assay,fluorescence imaging,phosphatase assay,gel-based analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Tuning electrolyte configuration and composition for fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell with poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) gel electrolyte
摘要： Efficient energy generation device is desired to couple with soft electronics for driving devices. Due to frequent uses of soft electronics in indoor conditions, flexible fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell (FDSC) is regarded as the most promising energy generation device due to high light-to-electricity conversion maintenance under weak dim light. Using gel electrolyte to assemble FDSC cannot only restrict electrolyte leakage but also improve device flexibility and stability especially under bending conditions. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) gel electrolyte is used to fabricate FDSC composed of curled TiO2 nanotube/Ti wire photoanode and Pt counter electrode. It is the first time to control gel electrolyte configuration by adding different PVdF-HFP concentrations, and to optimize iodine concentration in electrolyte regarding to redox ability and electrolyte transmittance. Configuration of gel electrolyte is carefully analyzed to define porous layer and concrete layer of polymer for accumulating liquid electrolyte and inhibiting leakage and evaporation. The highest solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 6.32% is obtained for FDSC with 9% PVdF-HFP and 0.04 M I2 in electrolyte, due to well-defined cross-linking structure, abundant redox reactions, and high incident-light illumination through electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intensity-modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy are used to analyze charge-transfer resistance and charge-collection efficiency.
关键词： Iodine,Cross-linking,Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene),Fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell,Gel electrolyte
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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XPS and thermal studies of silver doped SiO2 matrices for plasmonic applications
摘要： Silver nanocrystals doped SiO2 matrices were synthesized through sol–gel route using acid catalyst. The prepared silica matrices with different concentrations of silver were annealed at different temperatures and characterized using, XRD, FTIR, Absorption spectroscopy, XPS, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The XRD data con?rm the amorphous nature of silica and crystalline nature of silver nanocrystals. Using the Fourier-transform infrared red spectrum the formation of silica glass was con-?rmed. The characteristic Surface Plasmon Resonance of silver nanoparticles obtained around 400 nm from the absorption spectrum. The observed blue shift and skewness in SPR with increasing silver con-centrations were studied. The 3d doublet state of silver at a binding energy of 368.4 eV with the splitting of 6 eV obtained in XPS con?rm the state Ag0 along with the presence of a minor quantity of silver (II) oxide. The thermal stability and nature were analyzed using TGA-DTG and DTA and showed good thermal stability from 400 (cid:1)C to higher temperatures.
关键词： Sol-gel,Surface plasmon resonance,Thermal analysis,XPS,Silver nanocrystals
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Transformation of a liquid electrolyte to a gel inside dye sensitized solar cells for better stability and performance
摘要： A gel electrolyte based on a metal-organic framework (MOF), comprised of Al3+ and trimesic acid, was used in dye-sensitized solar cells. The electrolyte was gelated inside the solar cell to ensure the best interfacial connection between the TiO2 photoanode and electrolyte ingredients. The photovoltaic performance of the solar cells showed that the gel has a good ability to preserve the function of liquid electrolytes. By optimizing the ratio of MOF and liquid electrolyte, the current density was improved, which was due to the increase in the redox couple I-/I3- content in the gel electrolyte. The open-circuit voltage was affected because of the change in the conduction band of TiO2 by the introduction of Al3+ ions and also because of electron recombination. Thus, a slightly higher efficiency was achieved using the gel electrolyte compared to the liquid electrolyte based cells. A superior stability was achieved with the MOF gel electrolyte under thermal stress at 60 °C for 250 h, while the efficiency of cells with liquid electrolyte deteriorated continuously under the same conditions. The drop in efficiency in the liquid electrolyte cells, was 24%, compared to only a 6% drop in the MOF gel electrolyte cells.
关键词： Stability,Metal organic framework,Dye sensitized solar cells,Thermal stress,Gel electrolyte
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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MgxZn1a??xO Prepared by the Sola??Gel Method and Its Application for Ultraviolet Photodetectors
摘要： MgxZn1(cid:2)xO (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) ?lms prepared on quartz substrates by the sol–gel method were characterized and studied. According to scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction data, the MgxZn1(cid:2)xO ?lms exhibited a particle-stacking morphology and a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. An increase in Mg content led to an obvious increase in particle size. However, a weakening of the hexagonal wurtzite structure was observed and indicated the transition of the MgxZn1(cid:2)xO crystal structure, which was also con?rmed by the Raman spectra results. An increase in bandgap energy from 3.38 eV to 3.55 eV with increased Mg content was determined from the transmittance spectra. Ultraviolet photodetectors based on MgxZn1(cid:2)xO with interdigital electrodes were then fabricated. Dark current as low as 10 pA (corresponding to 5 nA/cm2) under bias of 10 V was achieved. A blueshift of the peak wavelength and cutoff wavelength was observed with increasing Mg content. Noise equivalent power as low as 2 9 10(cid:2)15 W was achieved, detectivity was found to be about 1.2 9 1011 cm Hz1/2/W, and quantum ef?ciency was nearly 100%, which was related to the photoconductive gain.
关键词： sol–gel,bandgap,MgxZn1(cid:2)xO,ultraviolet photodetectors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57