- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Communicating the spatiotemporal transformation of architectural heritage via an in-situ projection mapping installation
摘要： Understanding the spatial transformation of architectural heritage over time is crucial for documentation and conservation purposes, but also for communicating the salient architectural features of the buildings’ evolution to the public at large. With the rapid evolution of physical computing technologies such as electronics, sensors and digital projections, we believe that the technique of projection mapping offers great potential in communicating heritage in-situ because its graphical depiction on the heritage itself can more directly relate to the real context in more experiential ways. Furthermore, digital projections can include various interactive functionalities that together with its architectural size provide an immersive experience that is dynamic and adaptable to the interests of the visitors. Consequently, this paper aims to investigate the deployment of an interactive projection mapping installation in-situ which can be steered by a tangible user interface (TUI). Through an in-the-wild study, we deployed a mixed-method evaluation to investigate how such an interactive projection mapping enhances the communication of the spatiotemporal transformation of a medieval chapel that occurred during the last 850 years. Our findings show how the in-situ projection positively affects visitors’ understanding and memorability of the aesthetic features, and how its combination with a tangible interface enhances the communication of the spatial features of the chapel over time, and allows for more social interaction among them. The paper concludes with several discussion points and recommendations for applying interactive projection mapping and TUIs in the context of architectural heritage.
关键词： Spatiotemporal transformation,Tangible user interface (TUI),Heritage communication,Architectural heritage,Projection mapping,In-situ installation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The combination of Raman imaging and LIBS for quantification of original and degradation materials in Cultural Heritage
摘要： Quantification with nondestructive techniques is not very well developed in the field of Cultural Heritage despite its interest. In the last decades, several works have been published using Raman spectroscopy for quantifying. However, depending on the methodology used, the information provided by this technique is not complete, and the results could lead to misunderstanding when dealing with unknown samples. In this work, a novel double quantification using Raman imaging (its representativeness would be higher than point-by-point analysis) and Laser Induce Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) analyses is presented for analysis of Cultural Heritage samples. Several dolomitic marble samples, with some calcite impurities, covered or not by a calcium oxalate (whewellite, CaC2O4·H2O) layer were analysed in order to optimize the novel methodology. The agreement between the quantitative results from the independent analyses of the Raman Image data and the LIBS data is consistent within the uncertainty arising from both techniques. Further, the same methodology was applied on the same samples but using point-by-point Raman analysis with portable instruments, and portable LIBS information, showing again a great agreement between them and with the results obtained using the laboratory instruments.
关键词： hydrated salts,quantification,Cultural Heritage,LIBS,Raman imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A multipurpose X-ray fluorescence scanner developed for in situ analysis
摘要： Over the time, instrument transportability has become more and more important, especially in Cultural Heritage, as often artworks cannot be moved from their site, either because of the size or due to problems with permission issues, or simply because moving them to a laboratory is physically impossible, as e.g. in the case of mural paintings. For this reason, the INFN-CHNet, the network for Cultural Heritage studies of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), has developed an XRF scanner for in situ analyses. The instrument is the result of a wide collaboration, where different units of the network have been developing the diverse parts, then merged in a single system. The XRF scanner has been designed to be a four-season and green instrument. The control/acquisition/analysis software has been fully developed by our group, using only open-source software. Other strong points of the system are easiness of use, high portability, good performances and ultra-low radiation dispersion, which allows us to use even when the public can be present. It can run both with mains or on batteries, in the latter case with a maximum runtime longer than 10 h. It has a very low cost, when compared to commercial systems with equivalent performances, and easily replaceable components, which makes it accessible for a much wider portion of the interested community. The system has been thought and designed as an open system, suitable for further development/improvements, that can result interesting for non-conventional XRF analysis. The CHNet XRF scanner has proved to be really very well suited for applications in the Cultural Heritage field, as testified by the many recent applications. This paper describes the present version of our instrument and reports on the tests performed to characterise its main features.
关键词： Transportable instrument,XRF imaging,Acquisition,In situ analysis,Cultural heritage,XRF scanner
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Athens, Greece (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Realistic Texture Reconstruction Incorporating Spectrophotometric Color Correction
摘要： With the proliferation of high resolution 3D scanners, the quality of recorded 3D models has greatly improved. Nonetheless, while geometric fidelity is important, color information is still required to achieve photo-realistic 3D models. In this regard, texture reconstruction techniques combine color images from several views in order to optimally color the mesh of a 3D model. Nonetheless, a major challenge that is often overlooked by existing approaches is the technical limitations of color acquisition devices that lead to erroneously colored 3D models. In this paper, a novel technique is presented that formulates texture reconstruction as an optimization problem incorporating a color correction term in its objective function. The underlying rationale is to exploit external to the 3D scanner color measurements that can be available from more reliable sensors such as a UV-VIS spectrometer. Such measurements are often available for objects of high aesthetic value such as artworks of cultural heritage objects. Through experimental evaluation of our method on a real painting we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique, compared to state-of-the-art texture reconstruction, providing a reliable representation of the artworks appearance both in terms of numerical accuracy and visual observation.
关键词： cultural heritage,3D reconstruction,UV-VIS spectrometer,color correction,Texture reconstruction
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Er:YAG laser cleaning of a marble Roman urn
摘要： There are very few documented instances of the use of an Er:YAG laser in the cleaning of stone artefacts; however, the cases reported in the literature have shown its effectiveness in the removal of surface organic patinas and lichens. A Roman marble funerary urn (67–100 AD) of archaeological importance was covered with an intractable surface layer that obscured its delicate decorative carving. Chromatographic mass spectrometric and Raman spectroscopic techniques allowed the characterisation of those inorganic and organic materials that had undergone photo-oxidation and biological changes, resulting in the thick encrustation. An Er:YAG laser at 2940nm, with a pulse length of 300μsec, was used for cleaning the urn. Preliminary tests were performed with fluences ranging from 0.7 to 6.4J/cm2 and in the presence of a variety of wetting agents. The laser cleaning resulted in a sufficiently clean marble surface with the thick deposit of unwanted material removed. Finally, the sensitivity of the method allowed for a compact layer of calcium oxalate to be retained on the marble’s surface to help protect it.
关键词： Er:YAG,cultural heritage,wetting auxiliary agent,laser cleaning,calcium oxalate,marble
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Chemical Analysis in Cultural Heritage || 4. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in heritage science
摘要： Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a versatile analytical technique that can be used to probe the elemental composition of materials in diverse types of heritage samples, objects or monuments. The main physical principles underlying LIBS are presented along with analytical figures of merit and technical details concerning instrumentation. In practice, LIBS analysis does not require any sample preparation and the technique is nearly non-invasive, offering close to microscopic spatial resolution and the possibility for depth profile analysis. These features are, at present, available in a number of compact or transportable instruments that offer versatility and enable the use of LIBS for the analysis of a broad variety of objects/samples at diverse locations and this can be highly valuable at investigations and conservation campaigns. Representative examples are presented indicating how LIBS has been used to obtain compositional information for materials in the context of archaeological science, art history and conservation.
关键词： elemental analysis,cultural heritage,LIBS,laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences || Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging
摘要： In the field of archaeology (and heritage in general), many documentation and examination methods are based on imaging techniques that characterize and depict artifacts in a nondestructive and mechanically noninvasive way. Multi- and hyperspectral imaging (together denoted spectral imaging) are two possible forms of such noninvasive imaging. Both are based on the detection of reflected or emitted optical electromagnetic radiation, the latter being defined as electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 10 nm (0.01 μm) and 1 mm (1,000 μm). This detection can be better understood when considering that optical digital imaging usually generates a signal that is the outcome of a three-variable process: electromagnetic radiation of a radiation source falls onto the object; this radiation is partly absorbed, transmitted, and reflected by the object, with the interaction being wavelength dependent; and the imager detects and digitizes the incoming radiance in specific spectral regions. Spectral imaging extends traditional trichromatic digital camera approaches by capturing data in at least four different spectral bands, with hyperspectral imaging featuring higher spectral resolution and more contiguous spectra. Applications include archaeological prospection, color-accurate documentation, material identification, and enhancing the reading of old documents. Drawbacks involve data quantity, noise proneness, and reliance on specialized hardware and software, with future research focusing on active systems like multi-wavelength laser scanners.
关键词： multispectral imaging,archaeology,hyperspectral imaging,data cube,spectral signature,future research,drawbacks,electromagnetic radiation,noninvasive imaging,applications,spectral imaging,heritage
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Influence of the Laser Wavelength on Harmful Effects on Granite due to Biofilm Removal
摘要： The colonization of stone-built monuments by different organisms (algae, fungi, lichens, bacteria, and cyanobacteria) can lead to biodeterioration of the stone, negatively affecting the artistic value of the heritage. To address this issue, laser cleaning has been widely investigated in recent years, due to the advantages it offers over traditional mechanical and chemical methods: it is gradual, selective, contactless, and environmentally friendly. That said, the laser parameters should be optimized in order to avoid any by-effects on the surface as a result of overcleaning. However, as the adjustment of each parameter to clean polymineralic stones is a difficult task, it would be useful to know the effect of overcleaning on the different forming minerals depending on the wavelength used. In this paper, three different wavelengths (355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm) of a Q-Switch neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) laser, commonly known as QS Nd:YAG laser were applied to extract a naturally developed sub-aerial biofilm from Vilachán granite, commonly used in monuments in the Northwest (NW)Iberian Peninsula. In addition to the removal rate of the biofilm, the by-effects induced for fluences higher than the damage threshold of the stone were evaluated using stereomicroscopy, color spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that different removal rates were obtained depending on the wavelength used and 532 nm obtained the highest removal level. In terms of by-effects, biotite melting was registered on all surfaces regardless of the wavelength. In addition, 532 nm seemed to be the most aggressive laser system, inducing the greatest change in appearance as a result of extracting the kaolinite crackled coating and the segregations rich in Fe, which are a result of natural weathering. These changes were translated into colorimetric changes visible to the human eye. The surfaces treated with 355 nm and 1064 nm showed lower surface changes.
关键词： laser,granite,stone cleaning,cultural heritage,Nd:YAG,cleaning effectiveness
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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The Application of Photovoltaic Systems in Sacred Buildings for the Purpose of Electric Power Production: The Case Study of the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in Belgrade
摘要： In light of climate changes, technological development and the use of renewable energy sources are considered very important nowadays, both in newly designed structures and reconstructed historic buildings, resulting in the reduction in the commercial energy consumption and CO2 environmental emissions. This paper explores the possibilities of improving the energy efficiency of sacred heritage buildings by utilizing photovoltaic systems. As an exceptionally significant cultural good, the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in Belgrade shall serve as a case study, with the aim of examining the methods of mounting photovoltaic (PV) panels, taking into account the fact that the authenticity and the aesthetic value of this cultural monument must remain intact. A comparative analysis of the two options for installing PV panels on the southwestern roof of the church was performed using simulations in PVgis and PVsist V6.84 software, with the aim of establishing the most efficient option in terms of power generation. The simulation results show that photovoltaic panels can produce 151,650 kWh (Option 1) and 150,894 kWh (Option 2) per year, while the required amount of energy is 42,726 kWh. The electricity produced exceeds the electricity requirements for the decorative lighting of the Cathedral Church, so it can be used for other purposes in the sacred complex.
关键词： photovoltaic systems,solar energy,the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel,sacred architecture,heritage structures,Belgrade
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Employment of optical fibers for RC bond-slip characterization
摘要： Some features as workability, high durability and low cost of production have contributed for reinforced concrete (RC) be largely used worldwide. However, environmental actions and the natural material decaying are the most common processes that contribute for the loss of the physical-mechanical properties of the RC structures. When the bond between the concrete and the reinforcing rebar are affected, the results can be extremely dramatic and unpredicted. In this work, an optical fiber device for the monitoring of the bond-slip of old RC structures, where less intrusive techniques need to be considered, is proposed and tested. The sensor developed is based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology, inscribed in silica optical fiber. A pull-out test was carried out in a RC specimen, following the recommendations of the Annex D of the EN 10080. The results showed that the bond-slip optical sensors are capable to measure micro-displacements, with lower intrusiveness. Therefore, they can be used for monitoring the bond-slip of old RC structures as way of to collect information, essential to assist the owners to adopt cost effective, efficient and safer maintenance measures.
关键词： heritage constructions,optical fiber,SHM,RC,Bond-slip,FBG sensors
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22