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A Solution-Processed Spinel CuCo2O4 as an Effective Hole Transport Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Negligible Hysteresis
摘要： Optimal optoelectronic properties of interfacial layers in perovskite solar cells are essential for achieving high power conversion efficiency. We herein demonstrated a solution-processed spinel CuCo2O4 as a hole transport layer to use in high-performance perovskite solar cells. The solution-processed CuCo2O4 possessed high electrical conductivity, high optical transparency in UV-Vis-NIR, well-matched energy levels to perovskite and efficient hole transport capability to perovskite layer. The optoelectronic properties of CuCo2O4 was finely controlled by optimizing the annealing temperature, leading to 14.12% power conversion efficiency in planar perovskite solar cells. Another impressive advantage for CuCo2O4-based hole transport layer is a negligible hysteresis of the device at very low scan rate, that brought highly stable and reliable photovoltaic performance. All the results studied in this work suggest the bright future of solution-processed CuCo2O4 as a novel hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and good stability.
关键词： CuCo2O4,Hysteresis,Efficiency,Hole transport layer,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Vacancy defect modulation in hot-casted NiO film for efficient inverted planar perovskite solar cell
摘要： Nickel oxide (NiOx) has exhibited great potential as an inorganic hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its wide optical bandgap and superior stability. In this study, we have modulated the Ni2+ vacancies in NiOx film by controlling deposition temperature in a hot-casting process, resulting the change of coordination structure and charge state of NiOx. Moreover, the change of the HOMO level of NiOx makes it more compatible with perovskite to decrease energy losses and enhance hole carrier injection efficiency. Besides, the defect modulation in the electronic structure of NiOx is beneficial for increasing the electrical conductivity and mobility, which are considered to achieve the balance of charge carrier transport and avoid charge accumulation at the interface between the perovskite and HTL effectively. Both experimental analyses and theoretical calculations reveal the increase of nickel vacancy defects change the electronic structure of NiOx by increasing the ratio of Ni3+/Ni2+ and improving the p-type characteristics. Accordingly, an optimal deposition temperature of the NiOx film at 120 °C enabled a 36.24% improvement in the power conversion efficiency compared to that deposited at room temperature (25 °C). Therefore, this work provides a facile method to manipulate the electronic structure of NiOx to improve the charge carrier transport and photovoltaic performance of related PSCs.
关键词： Electronic structure,Vacancy,Hole transport layer,Conductivity,Energy level,Mobility
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A Selfa??Assembled Small Moleculea??Based Hole Transporting Material for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have recently emerged as one of the most promising low-cost photovoltaic technologies. The remarkable progress of perovskite photovoltaics is closely related to interfacial engineering and development of charge selective interlayers. Herein we present the synthesis and characterization of a fused azapolyheteroaromatic small molecule, namely anthradi-7-azaindole (ADAI), with outstanding performance as hole transporting layer in perovskite solar cells with inverted architecture. Its molecular arrangement, induced by hydrogen bond-directed self-assembly, favors a suitable morphology of layer, reducing recombination as revealed by light intensity dependence, photoluminescence and electroluminescence studies.
关键词： inverted perovskite solar cell,self-assembled conjugated molecule,undoped hole transport layer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Solution preparation of molybdenum oxide on graphene: a hole transport layer for efficient perovskite solar cells with a 1.12??V high open-circuit voltage
摘要： Recently, based on the tremendous progresses in performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the inverted planar PSCs have attracted attentions for future applications. Since the traditional poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) hole transport layer could cause a loss of open-circuit voltage (Voc), some organic and inorganic alternatives have been widely investigated. However, the Voc is still below for the demand of optimized value. Here, we demonstrate that the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) doping is a facile and effective method to make molybdenum oxide (MoOx) as a promising hole transport layer (HTL) for high-performance PSCs. The conductive MoOx:RGO HTL can facilitate perovskite crystallization and reduce the potential losses of Voc in devices. Thus, a high PCE of up to 18.15% is achieved which simultaneously possesses a high Voc of 1.12 V. With this strategy, the MoOx:RGO provides a novel hole transport layer for high performance and decently stable optoelectronic devices. More importantly, it opens up the research significance of doping in inorganic buffer interlayers for the perovskite solar cells.
关键词： open-circuit voltage,reduced graphene oxide,molybdenum oxide,hole transport layer,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Tetrahedral amorphous carbon prepared filter cathodic vacuum arc for hole transport layers in perovskite solar cells and quantum dots LEDs
摘要： In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films coated through the filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) process as a hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and quantum dots light-emitting diodes (QDLEDs). The p-type ta-C film has several remarkable features, including ease of fabrication without the need for thermal annealing or any other post-treatment, reasonable electrical conductivity, optical transmittance, good chemical stability, and a high work function. Therefore, we present a simple and effective method to improve the performance of PSCs and QDLEDs by applying ta-C films as a HTL. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy examinations show that the electrical properties (sp3/sp2 hybridized bond) and work function of the ta-C HTL are appropriate for PSCs and QDLEDs. In addition, in order to correlate the performance of the devices, the optical, surface morphological, and structural properties of the FCVA-grown ta-C films with different thicknesses (5 ~ 20 nm) deposited on the ITO anode are investigated in detail. The optimized ta-C film with a thickness of 5 nm deposited on the ITO anode had a sheet resistance 10.33 Ohm/square, a resistivity of 1.34 × 10-4 Ohm-cm, and an optical transmittance of 88.97%. Compared to the reference PSC with p-NiO HTL, the PSC with 5 nm thick ta-C HTL yielded a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE, 10.53%) due to its improved fill factor. Further, performance of QDLEDs with 5 nm thick ta-C hole injection layers (HIL) showed better than performance of QDLEDs with different ta-C thicknesses. It is concluded that FCVA grown ta-C films have the potential to serve as HTL and HIL in next-generation PSCs and QDLEDs.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,Hole transport layer (HTL),Quantum dots LEDs,Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) film,Hole injection layer (HIL)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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In situ Construction of Gradient Heterojunction using Organic VOx Precursor for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous attention recently but the energy levels between the perovskite absorber and conventional hole transport layers (HTL) are mismatch, resulting in the lower open-circuit voltages (Voc) than that of regular PSCs. Herein, a gradient heterojunction (GHJ) based on poly(3,4?ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrenesulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/PEDOT:PSS-VOx was constructed in situ by low-temperature annealing and used as HTL of the inverted PSCs. This GHJ structure fabricated conveniently by doping a small amount of triisopropoxyvanadium oxide isopropyl alcohol solution into the PEDOT:PSS solution during spin-coating can efficiently facilitate charge separation and improve charge extraction efficiency, leading to significantly improved PSC performance with Voc up to 1.02 V and power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 18.0%. More impressively, owing to the more hydrophobic surface and lower acidity than the PEDOT:PSS layer after the formation of high work function VOx mainly on the surface of HTL, the GHJ-based PSCs show excellent long-term stability, which retain over 80% or 70% of their initial PCEs after exposure to full spectrum illumination in N2 for 750 h or in air for 175 h, respectively. These results illustrate the significant advantages of the in situ formed VOx-modified HTLs in gradient structures using organic VOx precursors, providing important clues in constructing GHJ for inverted PSCs with high efficiency and stability.
关键词： Gradient heterojunction,Hole transport layer,Stability,Power conversion efficiency,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Solution‐Processable Two‐Dimension α‐In <sub/>2</sub> Se <sub/>3</sub> as an Efficient Hole Transport Layer for High‐Performance and Stable Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： In this work, two-dimension (2D) α-In2Se3 nanosheet, a binary III-VI group compound semiconductor, is fabricated by liquid phase exfoliation method, and the photoelectric properties of α-In2Se3 material are investigated in depth. It is found that α-In2Se3 film exhibits significant conductivity, outstanding optical transmission and suitable work function. Combined with its smooth surface and preferable hydrophobicity, α-In2Se3 film can efficiently facilitate hole transporting in the polymer solar cells (PSCs). Owing to the aforesaid advantages, 2D α-In2Se3 nanosheet is employed as a hole transport layer (HTL) in conventional PSCs for the first time, and a relatively high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.58% is achieved with the structure of ITO/α-In2Se3/PBDB-T:ITIC/Ca/Al, which is comparable to PEDOT:PSS-based devices (9.50%). Interestingly, it is demonstrated that α-In2Se3 film possesses excellent thermal stability in the range from room temperature to 280 °C and a PCE of 9.35% is achieved without annealing treatment of α-In2Se3 film, which exhibits a great potential of α-In2Se3 for annealing-free approach. Furthermore, the incorporation of α-In2Se3 HTL also remarkably enhances the long-term stability of PSCs compared with PEDOT:PSS-based devices. So the results show that 2D α-In2Se3 is a promising candidate to be an efficient and stable hole extraction layer.
关键词： solution processed,α-In2Se3,hole transport layer,polymer solar cells,thermal stability
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Carbon quantum dot-incorporated nickel oxide for planar p-i-n type perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency and stability
摘要： Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted extreme interest as a promising nanocarbon platform for divergence optoelectronics due to their high stability, good dispersibility in solvents, and tunable optical and electronic properties. Herein, planar p-i-n type perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with enhanced efficiency and long-term stability were developed by incorporating CQDs into a nickel oxide (NiO) hole transport layer (HTL). The incorporation of CQDs downshifts the band structure of NiO, leading to good alignment with the work-function of the tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) electrode and the band-edges of the perovskite. The efficient cascade charge transport achieved with the optimized incorporation ratio of CQDs resulted in an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.02%, compared to that of the PSC fabricated with bare NiO (15.66%), even though they were fabricated in air. The suppressed charge recombination accompanied by restricted charge accumulation curtails the J-V hysteresis, with a reduction from 4.5% to less than 1%. Moreover, long-term stability under atmospheric conditions without any encapsulation was achieved with CQD-incorporated NiO. More than 70% of the initial PCE was retained over 190 h. This work suggests a novel strategy for fabricating solution-processible metal oxide interlayers with highly efficient charge migration for divergence energy conversion devices.
关键词： Carbon quantum dots,Nickel oxide,Hole transport layer,Stability,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Mo <sub/>1.33</sub> C MXene-assisted PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer for high performance bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells
摘要： Here we report the usage of two-dimensional MXene, Mo1.33C-assisted PEDOT:PSS as an efficient hole transport layer (HTL) to construct high efficiency polymer solar cells. The composite HTLs are prepared by mixing Mo1.33C and PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution. The conventional devices based on Mo1.33C:PEDOT:PSS exhibits average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.2%, which shows 13% enhancement comparing to the reference devices. According to the results from hole mobilities, charge extraction probabilities, steady-state photoluminescence and atomic force microscope, the enhanced PCE can be ascribed to the improved charge transport and extraction properties of HTL, along with the morphological improvement of the active layer on top. This work clearly demonstrates the feasibility to combine advantages of Mo1.33C MXene and PEDOT:PSS as the promising HTL in organic photovoltaics.
关键词： PEDOT:PSS,polymer solar cells,Mo1.33C:PEDOT:PSS,hole transport layer,MXene nanosheet
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Modified HTL-induced efficiency enhancement for inverted perovskite solar cells
摘要： Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was doped by 3-(Cyclohexylamino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPSO), leading to dramatic improvement of its conductivity and consequently efficiency enhancement in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer (HTL). Under the optimized CAPSO doping concentration, the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS ?lm increased by about three orders of magnitude, and this is interpreted by the weakening of the coulombic attractions between PEDOT and PSS components induced by CAPSO. CAPSO doped PEDOT:PSS (PEDOT:PSS@CAPSO) was applied as HTL of PSCs devices based on CH3NH3PbI3 layers, leading to the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~38% enhanced relative to those of the corresponding reference devices based on pristine PEDOT:PSS HTL. Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) results show that the work function of PEDOT@CAPSO matches well with the valence band of CH3NH3PbI3 absorbers. The research demonstrates that the zwitterion modified PEDOT:PSS could act as an outstanding hole transport material for fabricating high-efficient perovskite solar cells.
关键词： CAPSO,PEDOT:PSS,perovskite solar cells,hole transport layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22