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A facile in situ growth of CdS quantum dots on covalent triazine-based frameworks for photocatalytic H2 production
摘要： CdS quantum dots (QDs) are excellent visible-light-driven photocatalysts due to their unique small size (<10 nm), suitable band energy structure, and short charge transportation length. Unfortunately, the easy aggregation of CdS QDs to form larger particles results in a higher recombination rate for photoinduced electron-hole pairs, which deteriorates the photocatalytic activity. Here, we report in situ growth of CdS QDs with high dispersion and stability on covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) via a facile photoreduction method. The photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of CdS QD-loaded CTFs is effectively enhanced to approximately 55 and 4 times than that of pristine CTFs and bulk CdS, respectively. This enhanced photocatalytic performance is mainly ascribed to the higher separation rate of photogenerated carriers resulting from synergistic QD-on-sheet interactions between CdS QDs and CTFs. This work develops an efficient one-pot strategy to prepare metal-sulfide QDs with high dispersion and underlines the potential of utilizing CTFs as a suitable platform to develop efficient photocatalytic systems.
关键词： In situ growth,CdS QDs,Photocatalysis,Visible light,H2 evolution,Covalent triazine-based frameworks
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Silicon solar cell-integrated stress and temperature sensors for photovoltaic modules
摘要： We propose silicon solar cell–integrated stress and temperature sensors as a new approach for the stress and temperature measurement in photovoltaic (PV) modules. The solar cell–integrated sensors enable a direct and continuous in situ measurement of mechanical stress and temperature of solar cells within PV modules. In this work, we present a proof of concept for stress and temperature sensors on a silicon solar cell wafer. Both sensors were tested in a conventional PV module setup. For the stress sensor, a sensitivity of (?47.41 ± 0.14)%/GPa has been reached, and for the temperature sensor, a sensitivity of (3.557 ± 0.008) × 10?3 K?1 has been reached. These sensors can already be used in research for increased measurement accuracy of the temperature and the mechanical stress in PV modules because of the implementation at the precise location of the solar cells within a laminate stack, for process evaluation, in-situ measurements in reliability tests, and the correlation with real exposure to climates.
关键词： in situ measurement,temperature measurement,PV module,temperature sensor,stress sensor,stress measurement,predictive maintenance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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New tools for pathology: a user's review of a highly multiplexed method for <i>in situ</i> analysis of protein and RNA expression in tissue
摘要： Tumor cell heterogeneity and tumor cell - stromal interactions are being explored as determinants of disease progression and treatment resistance in solid tumor and hematologic malignancies. As such, tools simultaneously capable of highly-multiplexed profiling of tissues’ protein and RNA content, as well as interrogation of rare or single cells, are required to precisely characterize constituent tumor cell populations, infiltrating lymphocytes and stromal elements. Access to spatial relationships will enable more precise characterization of tumors, support patient stratification and may help to identify novel drug targets. Multiple platforms are being developed to address these critical unmet needs. The NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) platform enables highly multiplexed, spatial assessment of protein and/or RNA targets in tissues by detecting oligonucleotide barcodes conjugated via a photocleavable linker to primary antibodies or nucleic acid probes. While this platform enables high-dimensional spatial interrogation of tissue protein and RNA expression, a detailed understanding of its composition, function and chemistry is advisable to guide experimental design and data interpretation. The purpose of this review is to provide an independent, comprehensive description of the DSP technology including an overview of NanoString’s capture and antibody barcode conjugation chemistries, experimental workflow, data output and analysis methods. The DSP technology will be discussed in the context of other highly multiplexed immunohistochemistry methods, including imaging mass cytometry (IMC) and multiplexed ion beam imaging (MIBI), to inform potential users of the advantages and limitations of each. Additional issues such as pre-analytical variability, sampling and specimen adequacy will be considered with respect to the platforms to inform potential experimental design.
关键词： tissue biomarkers,in situ hybridization,multiplexed immunohistochemistry,NanoString,tumor microenvironment
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Anion intercalated layered-double-hydroxide structure for efficient photocatalytic NO remove
摘要： Due to the easily controllable interlayer anions, metal cation composition proportion and thickness, which is beneficial to modify surface chemical state and tune bandgap, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have great promising potential for photocatalytic applications. In this study, we have successfully synthesized the ZnAl–LDH intercalated the single anion between ZnAl cationic interlayer without anionic impurities by using a facile calcining and reconstructing routes. The electron structure and surface chemical state of the prepared products have been investigated by combining the DFT calculation and experimental characterization methods. UV–vis DRS was used to certify the light absorption of the prepared products, and we performed the DFT calculation to demonstrate the density of state and activation of reactant. These results suggested that the ZnAl–LDH–CO3 possessed the more proper band structure and superior ability to activate NO and O2 for accelerating the photocatalytic NO oxidation activity. Moreover, the In situ DRIFTS with dynamically monitoring intermediates and products over the ZnAl–LDH–CO3 was adopted to declare the photocatalytic NO oxidized process during the photocatalytic reaction process. This work illustrated the influence of different interlayer anions to the electron structure and surface chemical state of ZnAl–LDH structure through the experimental verification combined DFT calculation and the photocatalytic NO oxidized process via In situ DRIFTS analyzing, which would provide a novel way to design and fabricate the efficient photocatalysis, and understand the reaction process.
关键词： In situ DRIFTS,ZnAl–LDH,DFT calculation,Reaction process and mechanism,Photocatalytic NO oxidation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ultrafast Response Polyelectrolyte Humidity Sensor for Respiration Monitoring
摘要： Respiration monitoring is important for evaluating human health. Humidity sensing is a promising way to establish a relationship between human respiration and electrical signal. This work describes polymer humidity sensors with ultrafast response for respiration monitoring. The humidity-sensitive polyelectrolyte is in situ crosslinked on the substrate printed with interdigitated electrodes by a thiol-ene click reaction. The polyelectrolyte humidity sensor owns rapid water adsorption/desorption ability, excellent stability and repeatability. The sensor with ultrafast response and recovery (0.29 s/0.47 s) when changing humidity between 33% and 95% shows good application prospects in breath monitoring and touchless sensing. Different respiration patterns can be distinguished and the breath rate/depth of detection subjects can also be determined by the sensor. In addition, the obtained sensor can sense the skin evaporation by a non-contact way.
关键词： breath monitoring,in situ preparation,ultrafast response,click reaction,polyelectrolyte humidity sensors
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Simultaneous two-phase formation model in synthesized SBN/NFO using the in-situ modified Pechini method
摘要： The main aim of this research was to investigate the in situ co-synthesis of Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6/NiFe2O4 (SBN/NFO) magnetoelectric particulate composites using a modified Pechini method, as well as propose a model to understand the simultaneous formation of two crystalline phases in these materials. Powder samples of SBN/NFO with 50/50, 70/30 and 80/20 molar ratios were analyzed using structural analysis techniques, combining both X-ray diffraction and Rietveld structural refinement in order to identify and quantify the phases in the samples. Based on the results, a phase formation model for the co-synthesis was proposed considering Hume-Rothery rules. This model led us to conclude that the formation of precipitates during the development of the polymeric resin by the modified Pechini method would be the main factor responsible for the presence of spurious phases in the synthesis of SBN/NFO composites. The reduction in the concentration of spurious phases may occur during the polymer resin formation step or when using a different solvent to prevent the formation of precipitates.
关键词： SBN/NFO,Rietveld refinement,modified Pechini method,in situ co-synthesis,formation model phases
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Thermal Shock Synthesis of Metal Nanoclusters within On-the-fly Graphene Particles
摘要： Metal nanoclusters (1-10 nm) have drawn great attention due to their potential applications including energy storage, catalysis, nanomedicine and electronic devices. However, manufacturing ultra-small metal nanoparticles at high concentrations in an unaggregated state is not a solved problem. Here we report an aerosol-based thermal shock technique for in situ synthesis of well-dispersed metal nanoclusters in on-the-fly graphene aerosols. A rapid thermal shock to the graphene aerosol has been used to nucleate and grow the metal nanoclusters with subsequent quenching to freeze the newly formed nanoclusters in the graphene aerosol matrix. A characteristic time analysis comparison with experiment shows that the nanocluster formation is governed by nucleation and subsequent surface growth, and that the graphene retards coagulation, enabling unaggregrated metal nanoclusters. The method is generic, and we show the formation of sub-10 nm Ni, Co and Sn nanoclusters. This continuous aerosol-based thermal shock technique offers considerable potential for the scalable synthesis of well-dispersed and uniform metal nanoclusters stabilized within a host matrix. As an example of potential application, we demonstrate very favorable catalytic properties.
关键词： thermodynamics,in situ growth,growth mechanism,thermal shock synthesis,kinetics,metal nanoclusters
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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In Situ Raman Spectroscopy on Silicon Nanowire Anodes Integrated in Lithium Ion Batteries
摘要： Rapid decay of silicon anodes during lithiation poses a significant challenge in application of silicon as an anode material in lithium ion batteries. In situ Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method to study the relationship between structural and electrochemical data during electrode cycling and to allow the observation of amorphous as well as liquid and transient species in a battery cell. Herein, we present in situ Raman spectroscopy on high capacity electrode using uncoated and carbon-coated silicon nanowires during first lithiation and delithiation cycle in an optimized lithium ion battery setup and complement the results with operando X-ray reflection diffraction measurements. During lithiation, we were able to detect a new Raman signal at 1859 cm?1 especially on uncoated silicon nanowires. The detailed in situ Raman measurement of the first lithiation/delithiation cycle allowed to differentiate between morphology changes of the electrode as well as interphase formation from electrolyte components.
关键词： silicon nanowires,lithium ion batteries,in situ Raman spectroscopy,operando XRD,solid electrolyte interphase
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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In-Situ Testing of the Thermal Diffusivity of Polysilicon Thin Films
摘要： This paper presents an intuitive yet effective in-situ thermal diffusivity testing structure and testing method. The structure consists of two doubly clamped beams with the same width and thickness but different lengths. When the electric current is applied through two terminals of one beam, the beam serves as thermal resistor and the resistance R(t) varies as temperature rises. A delicate thermodynamic model considering thermal convection, thermal radiation, and film-to-substrate heat conduction was established for the testing structure. The presented in-situ thermal diffusivity testing structure can be fabricated by various commonly used micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication methods, i.e., it requires no extra customized processes yet provides electrical input and output interfaces for in-situ testing. Meanwhile, the testing environment and equipment had no stringent restriction, measurements were carried out at normal temperatures and pressures, and the results are relatively accurate.
关键词： in-situ testing,thermal diffusivity,process control monitoring (PCM),thin film
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Toward Creating a Subsurface Camera
摘要： In this article, the framework and architecture of a Subsurface Camera (SAMERA) are envisioned and described for the first time. A SAMERA is a geophysical sensor network that senses and processes geophysical sensor signals and computes a 3D subsurface image in situ in real time. The basic mechanism is geophysical waves propagating/reflected/refracted through subsurface enter a network of geophysical sensors, where a 2D or 3D image is computed and recorded; control software may be connected to this network to allow view of the 2D/3D image and adjustment of settings such as resolution, filter, regularization, and other algorithm parameters. System prototypes based on seismic imaging have been designed. SAMERA technology is envisioned as a game changer to transform many subsurface survey and monitoring applications, including oil/gas exploration and production, subsurface infrastructures and homeland security, wastewater and CO2 sequestration, and earthquake and volcano hazard monitoring. System prototypes for seismic imaging have been built. Creating SAMERA requires interdisciplinary collaboration and the transformation of sensor networks, signal processing, distributed computing, and geophysical imaging.
关键词： real-time in situ imaging,geophysical sensor network,subsurface camera,subsurface infrastructure security,distributed computing
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36