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Ternary photocatalyst based on conducting polymer doped functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated with nanorods of metal oxide
摘要： The ternary photocatalyst PEDOT@ZnO@MWCNTs was fabricated using chemical oxidative method of polymerization. The fabrication of the catalyst was further investigated using spectroscopic techniques namely UV–Visible, FT-IR, XRD and the surface morphology was explored by SEM and TEM. The photodegradation kinetics of the azo dye MO followed pseudo first order kinetics at different pH. The photodegradation of the dye was studied in presence of PEDOT@ZnO@MWCNTs on irradiation with visible source of light. The redox activity of the photocatalyst was investigated by cyclic voltammetric technique and the mechanism of the photocatalysis was established via electronic impedance study. The evaluated value of rate constant, half life time period and the degradation efficiency sustenance the competence of the photocatalyst for the photodegradation of MO at the optimum pH value of 3.5. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis was also favored the mineralization of the dye in presence of photocatalyst.
关键词： Photocatalyst,Methyl orange,Kinetics,Photodegradation,Electronic impedance study
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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A RAGE-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate: Surface Plasmon Resonance as a Platform for Accelerating Effective ADC Design and Development
摘要： Antibodies, antibody-like molecules, and therapeutics incorporating antibodies as a targeting moiety, such as antibody-drug conjugates, offer significant potential for the development of highly efficacious drugs against a wide range of disorders. Despite some success, truly harnessing the superior targeting properties of these molecules requires a platform from which to effectively identify the best candidates for drug development. To streamline the development of antibody-drug conjugates targeting gynecological cancers within our laboratory, we incorporated surface plasmon resonance analysis (Biacore? T200) into our development toolkit. Antibodies, selected based on positive ELISA screens as suitable for development as antibody-drug conjugates, were evaluated using surface plasmon resonance to determine a wide range of characteristics including specificity, kinetics/affinity, the effect of linker binding, the impact of the drug to antibody ratio, and the effect of endosomal pH on antibody-antigen binding. Analysis revealed important kinetics data and information regarding the effect of conjugation and endosomal pH on our antibody candidates that correlated with cell toxicity and antibody internalization data. As well as explaining observations from cell-based assays regarding antibody-drug conjugate efficacies, these data also provide important information regarding intelligent antibody selection and antibody-drug conjugate design. This study demonstrates the application of surface plasmon resonance technology as a platform, where detailed information can be obtained, supporting the requirements for rapid and high-throughput screening that will enable enhanced antibody-drug conjugate development.
关键词： antibodies,antibody-drug conjugates,gynecological cancers,binding kinetics,surface plasmon resonance
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Live cell optical assay for precise characterization of receptors coupling to Gα12
摘要： Heterotrimeric G proteins are essential mediators of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) signalling to intracellular effectors. There is a considerable diversity of G protein subunits that channel signals initiated by GPCRs into specific outcomes. In particular, mammalian genomes contain 16 conserved genes encoding G protein α subunits with unique properties. Of four Gα subfamilies (Gi/o, Gq, Gs, and G12/13), members of the G12/13 group have received considerable attention for their roles in carcinogenesis. However, our ability to study activation of G12/13 by GPCRs with the power to distinguish between the two subunits is limited. Here, we present an adaptation of the Bioluminescent Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based assay to specifically monitor activity of Gα12 in living cells. In this kinetic assay, agonist-induced release of Venus-tagged Gβγ subunits from Gα12 is followed in real-time using Nano-luciferase tagged BRET donor. Using this assay, we characterized bradykinin B2 receptor (BDKRB2) and found that the receptor couples to Gα12 in addition to Gαo, and Gαq, but not to Gαs. We demonstrated the utility of this assay to quantify rates of G protein activation and inactivation as well as performing dose-response studies while rank-ordering signalling via individual Gα subunits. We further showed the utility of this assay to other GPCRs by demonstrating Gα12 coupling of cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR). Introduction of the Gα12-coupling BRET assay is expected to accelerate characterization of GPCR actions on this understudied G protein.
关键词： GNA12,kinetics,GPCR,bradykinin B2 receptor,BRET
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Photodegradation of Fluoxetine Applying Different Photolytic Reactors: Evaluation of the Process Efficiency and Mechanism
摘要： Photolytic degradation of fluoxetine (FLX), a medicine commonly known as Prozac?, was evaluated by using different photochemical processes. The ultraviolet/microwave (UV/MW) process showed higher efficiency in all the aspects evaluated in this study. The energy consumption was equivalent to 1.94 × 10-4 kW h mg-1 L (UV/MW), while in the UV process the value was 1.20 × 10-2 kW h mg-1 L. The degradation kinetics were applied to the FLX, with rate constant (k) = 0.15 ± 0.01 min-1 and linear correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.980 for UV, and k = 6.15 ± 0.08 min-1 and R2 = 0.998 for UV/MW. The FLX degradation of 99.16% (UV/MW 5 min) and 98.90% (UV 120 min) were observed, evidencing higher efficiency for the first process. The monitoring of transformation products (TPs) through chromatographic analysis enabled the identification of 9 TPs, proving that for the UV/MW process, the hydroxylated structures are verified in high quantity.
关键词： photolysis,fluoxetine,transformation products,photochemical reactor,kinetics
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Precipitation behavior of selective laser melted FeCoCrNiC0.05 high entropy alloy
摘要： Interstitial elements are e?ective to strengthen high entropy alloys (HEAs). In this work, FeCoCrNiC0.05 was prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) followed by annealing. The e?ects of annealing on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the SLMed FeCoCrNiC0.05 were investigated. Results show that, nano-scale Cr23C6-type carbides can precipitate under annealing conditions, leading to higher yielding strength. The SLMed FeCoCrNiC0.05 annealed at 1073 K for 0.5 h has a yielding strength of 787 MPa and an elongation of 10.3%. Precipitation kinetics in SLMed FeCoCrNiC0.05 has been established according to Avrami formula. The high strength can be attributed to solid solution hardening, precipitation hardening and cell-like structures.
关键词： Precipitation kinetics,Hardening mechanism,Selective laser melting,Mechanical properties,High entropy alloy
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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Acid-treated Fe-doped TiO2 as a high performance photocatalyst used for degradation of phenol under visible light irradiation
摘要： The photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles is significantly increased by an acid-treatment process. The photocatalyst nanoparticles were prepared using sol–gel method with 0.5 mol% ratio of Fe:Ti in acidic pH of 3. The nanoparticles were structurally characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). It was observed that the photocatalytic activity suffered from an iron oxide contaminating layer deposited on the surface of the nanoparticles. This contamination layer was removed using an HCl acid-treatment process. The photocatalytic activity using 500 mg/L of Fe0.5-TiO2 in a 10 mg/L of phenol solution increased significantly from 33% to 57% (about 73% increase in the performance), within 90 min of reaction time under visible light irradiation. This significant improvement was achieved by removing the iron oxide contamination layer from the surface of the nanoparticles and adjusting pH to mild acidic and basic pHs.
关键词： Kinetics,Iron doping,Phenol degradation,Visible light,Photocatalyst
更新于2025-11-14 15:25:21
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Kinetics of singlet oxygen sensing using 9-substituted anthracene derivatives$$^{\#}$$#
摘要： Singlet oxygen (1O2), the lowest excited-state of molecular oxygen receives great attention in basic research and clinical and industrial settings. Despite several spectroscopic methods available for 1O2 sensing, fluorescence sensing receives great attention, for which many fluorogenic sensors based on substituted anthracene are reported. Nonetheless, the roles of substituents on the sensing efficiency, in terms of detection time, remain largely unknown. In this work, we examine the 1O2 sensing efficiency of a fluorescence sensor based on a coumarin–anthracene conjugate, which is an electron donor-acceptor dyad, and compare the efficiency with that of 9-methylanthracene. Here, 1O2 is generated using the standard photosensitizer Rose Bengal, which is followed by estimation of the rate of reaction of 1O2 to the sensor and 9-methylanthracene. The second order reaction rate of the sensor is an order of magnitude less than that of 9-methylanthracene. The lower reactivity of the sensor to 1O2 suggests that the roles of substituents, such as electronic interactions, steric interactions and the reactivity of precursor complexes, on sensing efficiency should be carefully considered during construction of fluorogenic molecular sensors.
关键词： photochemistry,reaction kinetics,anthracene,fluorescence sensing,Singlet oxygen
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Double-exponential kinetics of binding and redistribution of the fluorescent dyes in cell membranes witness for the existence of lipid microdomains
摘要： New technique of detecting lateral heterogeneity of the plasma membrane of living cells by means of membrane-binding fluorescent dyes is proposed. The kinetics of dye incorporation into the membrane or its lateral diffusion inside the membrane is measured and decomposed into exponential components by means of the Maximum Entropy Method. Two distinct exponential components are obtained consistently in all cases for several fluorescent dyes, two different cell lines and in different types of experiments including spectroscopy, flow cytometry and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. These components are attributed to the liquid-ordered and disordered phases in the plasma membrane of studied cells in their dynamic equilibrium.
关键词： Kinetics,Maximum Entropy Method,Decomposition,Lipid phases,Plasma membrane heterogeneity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Synthesis of Eu2O3 doped BaO-TiO2-GeO2 based glass-ceramics: Crystallization kinetics, optical and electrical properties
摘要： Eu3+ doped transparent glass-ceramics (GCs) containing non-centrosymmetric ferroelastic Ba2TiGe2O8 (BTG) crystals as the major crystalline phase have been synthesized. BTG crystal phase was generated in the glass matrix with mole percent composition 30BaO-15TiO2-55GeO2 synthesized by melt quenching technique followed by controlled crystallization through ceramming heat-treatment. A di?usion controlled surface crystallization event with zero and constant nucleation rates was determined through a comparative study of some linear and nonlinear solid state reaction models. Nonlinear crystallization kinetics studies facilitated determination of the experimental ceramization temperature and time for fabrication of transparent glass-ceramics containing BTG nanocrystals. XRD, FTIR, TEM and FESEM measurements con?rmed the dispersion of BTG nanocrystals of size 20–100 nm in the glass matrix. Local crystal environment around Eu3+ ions facilitated the enhancement of photoluminescence of glass-ceramics with respect to the precursor glass. High dielectric constant, low loss and dissipation factors were observed for the GCs.
关键词： Refractive index,Glass-ceramics,Photoluminescence,Dielectric properties,Crystallization kinetics,Hysteresis loop
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Thermoluminescent behavior of UV and γ rays irradiated Eu2+ and Er3+doped silicate phosphors
摘要： This paper reports the structural, morphological and thermoluminescent studies of Eu2+ and Er3+ ions activated ASiO3 (A= Ca, Ba, Sr) phosphors synthesized via conventional solid state reaction method. The impurity ions concentration of both Eu2+ and Er3+ ions varies from 0 mol% to 1 mol%. The study of crystallographic traits of the synthesized phosphors is done by Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The crystalline nature, phase purity and appreciable homogeneity of the synthesized phosphors were confirmed by this study. The distinct morphological and topographical features were studied through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The thermoluminescent (TL) behavior of ultraviolet (UV) irradiated and gamma irradiated ASiO3:Eu2+, Er3+ (A= Ca, Ba, Sr) phosphors were studied here and the various kinetic parameters were estimated by Computerised glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) technique and peak shape method. The UV and gamma irradiated phosphors exhibit second order kinetics. The high values of activation energy (~ 3 eV) confirm the trapping of electrons in deep trap centers. The incorporation of doping ions into the host lattice causes non-valence substitutions at the substitutional sites. This increases the number of defects and vacancies in the phosphors and more trap centers were generated. The increased TL intensity and high temperature glow peaks confirm the same. The synthesized phosphors show enhanced TL characteristics, efficient trapping mechanism and low fading effects. These characteristics confirm the suitability of the synthesized phosphors for TL mapping and sensing applications.
关键词： Alkaline earth silicates,Thermoluminscence,Activation energy,Trap depth,Order of kinetics.
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52