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Analysis of the release kinetics of surface-bound proteins via laser-induced fluorescence
摘要： The drying and resolving processes of surface-bound proteins were analysed with a stereoscopic microscope combined with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) with the aim to assist the advancement of a semi-automated point-of-care allergy diagnostic device. The results shown in this paper present the use of the LIF-method for concentration calibration and the analysis of drying and resolving dyed proteins. The method is established successfully and delivers precise results.
关键词： point-of-care testing (POCT),laser-induced fluorescence,spectroscopy,release kinetics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Controlled Fabrication of K2Ti8O17 Nanowires for Highly Efficient and Ultrafast Adsorption towards Methylene Blue
摘要： Advanced adsorbents need high adsorption rate and superior adsorption capability to clean up the organic methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. We prepared K2Ti8O17 nanowires grown along [0 1 0] direction with a one-step hydrothermal method. The K2Ti8O17 nanowires with tens of nanometers in diameter and tens of micrometers in length were achieved with smooth surfaces and twisted wire-like morphology. The K2Ti8O17 nanowires exhibit high uptake capacity of ～208.8 mg·g?1 in the MB removal under equilibrium pH = 7. The adsorption equilibriums of MB onto K2Ti8O17 adsorbent is achieved with 97% removal rate MB within only ~21 min, which is the shortest adsorption time among the recent reported inorganic adsorbents towards MB. The adsorption process has a good agreement with the well-known pseudo-second-order kinetic model (k2 = 0.2) and the Langmuir isotherm model. The FTIR measurements suggest that the adsorption can be assigned to the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction between MB and K2Ti8O17. This ultrafast removal ability owns to the larger (0 2 0) interplanar spacing and zigzag surface structure of the nanowires, which provide abundant active adsorption sites. Thermodynamic parameters reflect the spontaneous, exothermic and feasible uptake of MB. Besides, K2Ti8O17 nanowires enjoy high adsorptive ability for chromium (VI) ions and photocatalytic removal towards NO. This work highlights the great significance of K2Ti8O17 nanowires as a low cast promising material used for adsorptive elimanation of organic contaminations in fast water purification on a large scale.
关键词： Hydrothermal synthesis,Tunnel-layered structure,Adsorption capability,K2Ti8O17 nanowires,Thermodynamics,Kinetics,Isotherms
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Decay Kinetics of Thermal Radiation Emitted by Surface Layers of Carbon Materials under Pulsed Laser Excitation
摘要： The decay of thermal radiation emitted by surface layers of carbon materials excited by pulses of a Q-switched neodymium laser is investigated experimentally and theoretically. It is discovered that the decay curves can be approximated with satisfactory accuracy by a sum of two exponential components with decay times of about 10 and 100 ns. Changes in the decay curves under sample irradiation by a sequence of laser pulses can be interpreted as being the result of redistribution of intensities of these two components. Based on the results of computer simulation, the conclusion is drawn that the glow-decay time is determined by the ratio of the penetration depth of the laser radiation and the thermal-diffusion length, which creates an opportunity to determine the coefficient of temperature conductivity in a thin surface layer of the studied material at high temperatures (thousands of Kelvins).
关键词： decay kinetics,temperature conductivity,pulsed laser excitation,carbon materials,thermal radiation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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The ion kinetics at the wafer edge by the variation of geometry and permittivity of the focus ring in capacitively coupled discharges
摘要： The change of the ion transport is investigated with the variation of the focus ring property at the wafer edge of a capacitively coupled plasma under an intermediate pressure of a few Torr. The particle fluxes and the ion trajectories at different locations are investigated with the variations of the gap size between the wafer edge and the focus ring, the focus ring height, and the permittivity of the focus ring. The incident angle and the particle fluxes to the wafer edge increase with the gap size. Conversely, the particle fluxes to the wafer edge decrease with the increase in the focus ring height. The incident angle of ions still keeps normal to the surface at the wafer edge, but on the left side of the focus ring, it increases dramatically with the increase in the focus ring height. With the change of the permittivity of the focus ring, it is possible to control the ratio of the ion flux to the neutral flux on the focus ring surface by enhancing only the ion flux independently.
关键词： capacitively coupled discharges,wafer edge,ion kinetics,focus ring,permittivity
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Coupled photothermal and joule-heating process for stable and efficient interfacial evaporation
摘要： A trade-off inevitably exists between soot and NOX emissions in a traditional engine. The addition of an oxygen-containing biofuel can decrease the soot emission but increase the NOX emission. Multi-injection strategy can be used to decrease the NOX emission. Therefore, both simulations and experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the influences of pre-injection on the combustion and emission characteristics of pure diesel (D100) and diesel/n-butanol (30% n-butanol and 70% diesel by volume, B30). The results showed that as the pre-injection interval decreased, the in-cylinder pressure peak increased, the pre-injection heat release ratio increased, and the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased. Only at a small pre-injection interval, the BSFC under pre-injection condition was lower than that obtained using the single injection strategy. When the same pre-injection strategy was used, B30 had a higher BSFC and lower brake thermal efficiency than D100. The soot emission decreased with the increase in pre-injection interval but increased with the increase in pre-injection ratio. More soot was emitted using the pre-injection strategy than that using single injection strategy. B30 had a lower soot emission than D100 due to a longer ignition delay. As the pre-injection interval increased, the decreasing amplitude of NO production became smaller than the increasing amplitude of NO2 production, thus increasing the net NOX emission. As the pre-injection ratio increased, more CO was produced through the reaction paths CH2O → HCO → CO, whereas the transformation of CO to CO2 almost remained unchanged, thus increasing the net CO emission. The increase in pre-injection ratio inhibited the oxidation of CO to CO2 and thus increased the CO emission. The amount of unburned hydrocarbons increased with the increase in both pre-injection ratio and interval.
关键词： Chemical kinetics,CFD,Pre-injection,Diesel/n-butanol blends,Low-temperature combustion
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Theory of Electrochemical Kinetics for Perovskite Solar Cells: Fitting Currenta??Voltage Curves
摘要： Based on the reaction of electron-hole separation in perovskite solar cells, we derived the mathematical relationship between current and voltage from the viewpoint of electrochemical kinetics and, moreover, by using this relation, we successfully fitted the i–E curves. We found that the nonlinear relationships between the activation energy and the potential of the recombination reaction are the fundamental reason for the appearance of the hysteresis loop.
关键词： electrochemical kinetics,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Chirality-dependent growth of self-assembled diphenylalanine microtubes
摘要： The difference in crystal structure and growth kinetics of microtubes formed from L- and D- enantiomers of diphenylalanine dipeptide is investigated both experimentally and theoretically by computer simulation. The microtubes of L- and D- enantiomers grown simultaneously and under identical experimental conditions possess different crystallographic space groups, have essential difference in sizes and demonstrate different growth kinetics. Computer simulation by molecular mechanics methods revealed a fundamental difference in the interaction between structural units of microtubes of different chiralities. A model describing chirality-dependent growth of microtubes is proposed.
关键词： Growth kinetics,Enantiomers,Dipeptide,Computer modeling,Nanotubes,Self-assembly
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Super-resolution interference lithography enabled by non-equilibrium kinetics of photochromic monolayers
摘要： Highly parallelized optical super-resolution lithography techniques are key for realizing bulk volume nanopatterning in materials. The majority of demonstrated STED-inspired lithography schemes are serial writing techniques. Here we use a recently developed model spirothiopyran monolayer photoresist to study the non-equilibrium kinetics of STED-inspired lithography systems to achieve large area interference lithography with super-resolved feature dimensions. The linewidth is predicted to increase with exposure time and the contrast is predicted to go through a maximum, resulting in a narrow window of optimum exposure. Experimental results are found to match with high quantitative accuracy. The low photoinhibition saturation threshold of the spirothiopyran renders it especially conducive for parallelized large area nanopatterning. Lines with 56 and 92 nm FWHM were obtained using serial and parallel patterning, respectively. Functionalization of surfaces with heterobifunctional PEGs enables diverse patterning of any desired chemical functionality on these monolayers. These results provide important insight prior to realizing a highly parallelized volume nanofabrication technique.
关键词： nanopatterning,spirothiopyran,non-equilibrium kinetics,interference lithography,super-resolution lithography
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Study of Hydrolysis Kinetic of New Laser Material [anti-B18H22]
摘要： [anti-B18H22] is a potential blue laser material. In order to study the stability of [anti-B18H22] in aqueous solution, the hydrolytic reaction kinetic of [anti-B18H22] at various pH values and temperatures was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that [anti-B18H22] hydrolysis rate was accelerated by increasing temperature, and the trend showed that [anti-B18H22] hydrolyzed faster in low pH than in high pH solutions at the same temperature. The hydrolysis of [anti-B18H22] solution is second-order reaction at lower temperature (300.15–323.15 K), the activation energy is 52.37 kJ mol–1 and pre-exponential factor (A) is 7.9 × 1010. The work described here is significant for future studies of the properties of [anti-B18H22] in aqueous solution.
关键词： fluorescence spectroscopy,hydrolysis kinetics,borane,second-order reaction,[anti-B18H22]
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Exploration of polymer-assisted crystallization kinetics in CsPbBr3 all-inorganic solar cell
摘要： All-inorganic perovskite material (CsPbBr3) has attracted enormous attention in photovoltaic devices due to superior stability. However, the thickness of CsPbBr3 film beyond 100 nm suffers from poor morphology, impurity phase and defects due to unbalance between fast growth and slow nucleation of film. Here, we introduce polyethylene glycol (PEG) into solution to achieve compact CsPbBr3 film with pure phase via a simple one-step solution process. The Lewis base of PEG interacts with the Lewis acid of Pb2+ to reduce the cluster size of CsBr-PbBr2-DMSO colloids as well as to increase the nucleation rate. The CsPbBr3 film magnitude less in intrinsic defect concentration is obtained by the addition of PEG. The open-circuit voltage increases from 1.15 eV to 1.41 eV with the highest efficiency of 7.8% as a result of less charge recombination of device, which is the highest efficiency ever recorded in one step solution process. The current–voltage curves measured at five different positions of large size device based on PEG (100 mm2) were almost identical, indicating highly uniform of devices. Thanks to the high quality of PEG modified CsPbBr3 film, there is no efficiency reduction during 120 h UV illumination. It was further used as a UV filter in tandem device which effectively restricts the UV degradation of bottom organic-inorganic perovskite solar cell. The tandem solar cell still remains 93% of the initial PCE after 120 h UV aging test, which are the main routes for commercializing device.
关键词： UV stability,CsPbBr3,Crystallization kinetics,Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22