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Gold nanoparticles of different shape for bicolor lateral flow test
摘要： Spherical gold nanoparticles are the most commonly used marker in lateral flow assays. However, the widespread practice of using identical coloration for the test and control zones of test strips can lead to erroneous interpretations of the assay’s results. We propose an immunochromatographic test strip with lines of different colors. For this purpose, gold nanoparticles of different shapes were used, namely blue nanoflowers in the test zone and red gold nanospheres in the control zone. A detailed synthesis procedure for nanoparticles and their conjugates is considered and design parameters for optimal results are described. For the first time, nanoparticles of different shapes have been combined in the test strip with indirect labeling of specific antibodies (via their interaction with labeled secondary antibodies). Using the T-2 toxin (T2T) as an example, an instrumental detection limit of 30 pg/mL and a working range 0.06-0.9 ng/mL were achieved in an analysis of water-organic corn extracts.
关键词： gold nanoparticles,Immunochromatography,test strip,mycotoxin,indirect labeling,gold nanoflowers
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Dense Semantic Labeling with Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling and Decoder for High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery
摘要： Dense semantic labeling is significant in high-resolution remote sensing imagery research and it has been widely used in land-use analysis and environment protection. With the recent success of fully convolutional networks (FCN), various types of network architectures have largely improved performance. Among them, atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) and encoder-decoder are two successful ones. The former structure is able to extract multi-scale contextual information and multiple effective field-of-view, while the latter structure can recover the spatial information to obtain sharper object boundaries. In this study, we propose a more efficient fully convolutional network by combining the advantages from both structures. Our model utilizes the deep residual network (ResNet) followed by ASPP as the encoder and combines two scales of high-level features with corresponding low-level features as the decoder at the upsampling stage. We further develop a multi-scale loss function to enhance the learning procedure. In the postprocessing, a novel superpixel-based dense conditional random field is employed to refine the predictions. We evaluate the proposed method on the Potsdam and Vaihingen datasets and the experimental results demonstrate that our method performs better than other machine learning or deep learning methods. Compared with the state-of-the-art DeepLab_v3+ our model gains 0.4% and 0.6% improvements in overall accuracy on these two datasets respectively.
关键词： dense semantic labeling,encoder-decoder,superpixel-based DenseCRF,remote sensing imagery,fully convolutional networks,atrous spatial pyramid pooling
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 6th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (AIEEE) - Vilnius, Lithuania (2018.11.8-2018.11.10)] 2018 IEEE 6th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (AIEEE) - Automated Image Annotation based on YOLOv3
摘要： A typical pedestrian protection system requires sophisticated hardware and robust detection algorithms. To solve these problems the existing systems use hybrid sensors where mono and stereo vision merged with active sensors. One of the most assuring pedestrian detection sensors is far infrared range camera. The classical pedestrian detection approach based on Histogram of oriented gradients is not robust enough to be applied in devices which consumers can trust. An application of deep neural network-based approach is able to perform with significantly higher accuracy. However, the deep learning approach requires a high number of labeled data examples. The investigation presented in this paper aimed the acceleration of pedestrian labeling in far-infrared image sequences. In order to accelerate pedestrian labeling in far-infrared camera videos, we have integrated the YOLOv3 object detector into labeling software. The verification of the pre-labeled results was around eleven times faster than manual labeling of every single frame.
关键词： deep-learning,YOLOv3,Far-infrared,pedestrian detection,annotation labeling
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Fluorescent Penetration Enhancers Reveal Complex Interactions among the Enhancer, Drug, Solvent, and Skin
摘要： Skin penetration/permeation enhancers facilitate drug delivery through the skin barrier. However, the specific mechanisms that govern the enhancer interactions with the skin, drug, and donor solvent are not fully understood. We designed and synthesized fluorescent-labeled enhancers by attaching 7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl (NBD) groups to 6-aminohexanoic acid esters. These NBD esters (applied at a 1% concentration) enhanced the permeation of the model drugs theophylline and hydrocortisone through human skin in vitro up to 6.6 and 3.9 times, respectively. The enhancement effects were strongly affected by the ester chain length (C8-C12) and the polarity of the donor solvent. Using HPLC with fluorescence detection, no NBD esters were detected in the acceptor buffer, but their hydrolysis product, NBD acid, was detected, whereas both acid and esters were found in the skin. The enhancer hydrolysis occurred in the lower stratum corneum and epidermis; the more hydrophilic NBD acid, which is an inactive enhancer, penetrated deeper. This illustrates the principle of biodegradable enhancers. The enhancer concentrations in the skin depended not only on the enhancer chain length and the donor solvent but also on the drug used. Thus, the drug, when co-applied with the enhancer, modulates the enhancer penetration into the skin and, consequently, its effect. Finally, active (NBD-C8 ester) and inactive (NBD acid) enhancers were visualized in human skin by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Both compounds were found mostly in the stratum corneum intercellular spaces, suggesting that although both are located within the skin barrier lipids, only the active ester is able to effectively interact with the lipids, which was proved by infrared spectroscopy of enhancer-treated stratum corneum. This proof-of-concept study illustrates the use of fluorescent enhancers to obtain insight into the skin penetration/permeation process; interactions among the enhancer, drug, solvent, and skin; and enhancer metabolism.
关键词： penetration enhancer,skin,fluorescent labeling,Transdermal drug delivery
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A novel dicationic Quinoline-Carzole fluorescent probe：Preparation and labeling of <i>Microthrix parvicella</i>
摘要： A novel dicationic Quinoline-Carbazole fluorescent probe with hydrophobic long-chain alkane was designed and synthesized based on the property of Microthrix parvicella (M. parvicella) in situ utilizing long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in the activated sludge system. 1H NMR spectrum, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra, and fluorescent spectra analysis demonstrated that the probe was successfully obtained. The probe had a large stokes-shift ranging from 102 to 144nm in different solvents, which were benefit for the fluorescent labeling properties. The labeling experiment indicated that the prepared probe could absorb onto the surface of M. parvicella through hydrophobic bond. Much stronger yellow fluorescence of M. parvicella was observed at the concentration of 1.0×10-5mol/L when compared with the zooglea, which makes it easy to distinguish M. parvicella from the zooglea. In addition, the photostability of the probe was also investigated, and the result showed that the probe was quite stable in a long period of time. All the results indicated that the prepared probe was suitable for the labeling of M. parvicella.
关键词： Dicationic Quinoline-Carbazole,fluorescent probe,Characterization,labeling,Microthrix parvicella
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Uncoded M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation space-time labeling diversity with three transmit antennas
摘要： Uncoded space‐time labeling diversity (USTLD) is a recent scheme that improves the error performance of space‐time block–coded wireless communication links. However, the existing space‐time labeling diversity technique used in USTLD only employs two transmit antennas. To further improve error performance in USTLD systems, this paper investigates USTLD systems with three transmit antennas. A heuristic approach is proposed to design the second and third mappers. Simulation results show superior error performance compared with the existing two transmit antenna USTLD. Furthermore, an analytical expression for a tight bound of the average bit error probability of the proposed system with three transmit antennas is derived. Moreover, complexity reduction analysis of the low‐complexity (LC) detector is proposed. It is shown that the proposed LC algorithm achieves near‐maximum likelihood detection accuracy, while reducing complexity by 51% and 96.5% for 16QAM and 64QAM, respectively.
关键词： heuristic algorithm,labeling diversity,near‐ML detection,labeling mapper
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Highly green fluorescent Nb2C MXene quantum dots
摘要： Here two dimensional Nb2C quantum dots with green fluorescence were fabricated for the first time with quantum yield (QY) up to 19%, the highest reported Nb2C dots so far with good photostability and pH stability. The S,N doping on Nb2C were considered as the main reason to enhance the high QY of Nb2C dots and was proved by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. It was demonstrated that the fluorescent probe could be utilized effectively for 3D brain organoid labeling and embraces huge prospects in biological sensing.
关键词： green fluorescence,S,N doping,Nb2C quantum dots,3D brain organoid labeling,quantum yield
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Near-infrared light controlled fluorogenic labeling of glycoengineered sialic acids <i>in vivo</i> with upconverting photoclick nanoprobe
摘要： Near-infrared light controlled fluorogenic labeling of glycoengineered sialic acids in vivo with upconverting photoclick nanoprobe. Sialic acid serves as an important determinant for profiling cell activities in diverse biological and pathological processes. The precise control of sialic acid labeling to visualize its biological pathways under endogenous conditions is significant but still challenging due to the lack of reliable methods. Herein, we developed an effective strategy to spatiotemporally label the sialic acids with a near-infrared (NIR) light activated upconverting nanoprobe (Tz-UCNP). With this photoclickable nanoprobe and a stable N-alkene-D-mannosamine (Ac4ManNIPFA), metabolically synthesized alkene sialic acids on the cell surface were labeled and imaged in real time through fluorogenic cycloaddition. More importantly, we achieved spatially selective visualization of sialic acids in specific tumor tissues of the mice under NIR light activation in a spatially controlled manner. This in situ controllable labeling strategy thus enables the metabolic labeling of specific sialic acids in complex biological systems.
关键词： fluorogenic labeling,sialic acids,Near-infrared light,upconverting nanoprobe,photoclick chemistry
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Cellular Internalization-Induced Aggregation of Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Ultrasound Imaging and Protein-Mediated Protection of Stem Cells
摘要： Nanotechnology employs multifunctional engineered materials in the nanoscale range that provides many opportunities for translational stem cell research and therapy. Here, a cell-penetrating peptide (virus-1 transactivator of transcription)–conjugated, porous silicon nanoparticle (TPSi NP) loaded with the Wnt3a protein to increase both the cell survival rate and the delivery precision of stem cell transplantation via a combinational theranostic strategy is presented. The TPSi NP with a pore size of 10.7 nm and inorganic framework enables high-efficiency loading of Wnt3a, prolongs Wnt3a release, and increases antioxidative stress activity in the labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are highly beneficial properties for cell protection in stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction. It is confirmed that the intracellular aggregation of TPSi NPs can highly amplify the acoustic scattering of the labeled MSCs, resulting in a 2.3-fold increase in the ultrasound (US) signal compared with that of unlabeled MSCs. The translational potential of the designed nanoagent for real-time US imaging–guided stem cell transplantation is confirmed via intramyocardial injection of labeled MSCs in a nude mouse model. It is proposed that the intracellular aggregation of protein drug–loaded TPSi NPs could be a simple but robust strategy for improving the therapeutic effect of stem cell therapy.
关键词： drug delivery,porous silicon,ultrasound imaging,cell protection,cell labeling
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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<em>In Vivo</em> Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice
摘要： Two-photon imaging is a powerful tool for the in vivo analysis of neuronal circuits in the mammalian brain. However, a limited number of in vivo imaging methods exist for examining the brain tissue of live newborn mammals. Herein we summarize a protocol for imaging individual cortical neurons in living neonatal mice. This protocol includes the following two methodologies: (1) the Supernova system for sparse and bright labeling of cortical neurons in the developing brain, and (2) a surgical procedure for the fragile neonatal skull. This protocol allows the observation of temporal changes of individual cortical neurites during neonatal stages with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Labeled cell-specific gene silencing and knockout can also be achieved by combining the Supernova with RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing systems. This protocol can, thus, be used for analyzing the developmental dynamics of cortical neurons, molecular mechanisms that control the neuronal dynamics, and changes in neuronal dynamics in disease models.
关键词： Neuroscience,in vivo imaging,single-cell labeling,mouse,cerebral cortex,Newborn,two-photon
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01