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Integration of point cloud data and hyperspectral imaging as a data gathering methodology for refurbishment projects using building information modelling (BIM)
摘要： Purpose – Building information modelling (BIM) is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a building. Its use offers a range of bene?ts in terms of achieving the ef?cient design, construction, operation and maintenance of buildings. Applying BIM at the outset of a new build project should be relatively easy. However, it is often problematic to apply BIM techniques to an existing building, for example, as part of a refurbishment project or as a tool supporting the facilities management strategy, because of inadequacies in the previous management of the dataset that characterises the facility in question. These inadequacies may include information on as built geometry and materials of construction. By the application of automated retrospective data gathering for use in BIM, such problems should be largely overcome and signi?cant bene?ts in terms of ef?ciency gains and cost savings should be achieved. Design/methodology/approach – Laser scanning can be used to collect geometrical and spatial information in the form of a 3D point cloud, and this technique is already used. However, as a point cloud representation does not contain any semantic information or geometrical context, such point cloud data must refer to external sources of data, such as building speci?cation and construction materials, to be in used in BIM. Findings – Hyperspectral imaging techniques can be applied to provide both spectral and spatial information of scenes as a set of high-resolution images. Integrating of a 3D point cloud into hyperspectral images would enable accurate identi?cation and classi?cation of surface materials and would also convert the 3D representation to BIM. Originality/value – This integrated approach has been applied in other areas, for example, in crop management. The transfer of this approach to facilities management and construction would improve the ef?ciency and automation of the data transition from building pathology to BIM. In this study, the technological feasibility and advantages of the integration of laser scanning and hyperspectral imaging (the latter not having previously been used in the construction context in its own right) is discussed, and an example of the use of a new integration technique is presented, applied for the ?rst time in the context of buildings.
关键词： Laser scanning,Information modelling,Refurbishment,BIM,Point cloud,Hyperspectral imaging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Development of deep learning architecture for automatic classification of outdoor mobile LiDAR data
摘要： This paper proposes a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for automatic classification of mobile laser scanning (MLS) data obtained for outdoor environment, which are characterized by noise, clutter, large size and larger quantum of information. The developed architecture introduces a look up table (LUT) based approach, which retains the geometry of the input MLS point cloud while rescaling. Further, with the voxelisation of the input MLS sample, the ambiguity of selecting one out of multiple point values within a voxel is resolved. The performance of the architecture is evaluated on MLS data of outdoor environment in two instances, first using tree and non-tree classes (non-tree class has objects like electric pole, wire, low vegetation, wall, house and ground) and then with tree and electric pole classes. Additional testing is carried out by mixing the outdoor MLS data of tree and electric pole classes with three classes of indoor objects, taken from Modelnet dataset, thereby assessing the architecture efficacy over an ensemble of three-dimensional (3D) datasets. Classification of tree and non-tree classes, followed by tree and electric pole classes from MLS samples result in total accuracies of 86.0%, 90.0% respectively and kappa values of 72.0%, 78.7% respectively. Moreover, for the combinations of MLS and Modelnet classes, the classification results are promising, reaching a total accuracy of 95.2% and kappa of 92.5%. The LUT based approach has shown better classification over the traditional rescaling approach for the MLS dataset, resulting in an enhancement up to 9.0% and 18.0% in total accuracy and kappa, respectively. With different varieties of tree, non-tree and electric pole samples, the proposed architecture has shown its potential for automatic classification of MLS data with high accuracy. This study further reveals that the accuracy of classification is improved by introducing more spatial features in the input layer. The accuracies produced in this work can be further improved with the availability of better hardware resources.
关键词： outdoor environment,deep learning,mobile laser scanning,point cloud,convolutional neural network,classification
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A blue fluorescent labeling technique utilizing micro- and nanoparticles for tracking in LIVE/DEAD® stained pathogenic biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Burkholderia cepacia
摘要： Strategies that target and treat biofilms are widely applied to bacterial cultures using popular live/dead staining techniques with mostly red or green fluorescent markers (eg, with SYTO? 9, propidium iodide, fluorescein). Therefore, visualizing drugs or micro- and nanoparticulate delivery systems to analyze their distribution and effects in biofilms requires a third fluorescent dye that does not interfere with the properties of the live/dead markers. The present study establishes and evaluates a model for tracking polymeric particles in fluorescently stained biological material. To this end, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based micro- and nanoparticles were used as well-established model systems, which, because of their favorable safety profiles, are expected to play important future roles with regard to drug delivery via inhalation. PLGA was covalently and stably labeled with 7-amino-4-methyl-3-coumarinylacetic acid (AMCA), after which blue fluorescent poly(ethylene glycol)-block-PLGA (PEG-PLGA) particles were prepared using a mixture of fluorescent AMCA-PLGA and PEG-PLGA. Because chitosan is known to reduce negative surface charge, blue fluorescent PEG-PLGA-particles with chitosan were also prepared. These micro- and nanoparticles were physicochemically characterized and could be clearly distinguished from live/dead stained bacteria in biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
关键词： 7-amino-4-methyl-3-coumarinylacetic acid,cystic fibrosis,PEG,PLGA,chitosan,hydrodynamic diameter,confocal laser scanning microscopy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Review of the recent advances and applications of LIBS-based imaging
摘要： During recent years, important developments have been achieved in the application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for elemental imaging. The aim of this review is to report recent instrumental configurations, data processing methodologies and applications related to LIBS-based imaging. In the first section, different instrumental alternatives of LIBS for qualitative or quantitative imaging measurements are presented, including the scanning configuration, focusing systems, laser properties, and spectral detection tools. The second section reviews the different LIBS imaging data processing methodologies that have been proposed. Finally, the last section of this review reports the wide variety of laboratory applications that have benefited from LIBS mapping techniques, such as those in the biomedical, geological and industrial fields.
关键词： LIBS,mapping,laser scanning,elemental imaging
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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A Novel Multi-View-Angle Range Images Generation Method for Measurement of Complicated Polyhedron in 3D Space
摘要： A new kind of generation method is proposed in this paper to acquire range images for complicated polyhedron in 3D space from a series of view angles. In the proposed generation method, concept of three-view drawing in mechanical cartography is introduced into the range image generation procedure. Negative and positive directions of ??-, ??-, and ??-axes are selected as the view angles to generate the range images for complicated polyhedron in 3D space. Furthermore, a novel iterative operation of mathematical morphology is proposed to ensure that satisfactory range images can be generated for the polyhedron from all the selected view angles. Compared with the existing method based on single view angle and interpolation operation, structure features contained in surface of the complicated polyhedron can be represented more consistently with the reality by using the proposed multi-view-angle range images generation method. The proposed generation method is validated by using an experiment.
关键词： laser scanning,3D space,mathematical morphology,multi-view-angle,complicated polyhedron,range images
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Bismuth Ferrite Second Harmonic Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Macrophage Tracking
摘要： Recently, second harmonic generation (SHG) nanomaterials have been generated that are efficiently employed in the classical (NIR) and extended (NIR-II) near infrared windows using a multiphoton microscope. The aim was to test bismuth ferrite harmonic nanoparticles (BFO-HNPs) for their ability to monitor pulmonary macrophages in mice. BFO-loaded MH-S macrophages are given intratracheally to healthy mice or BFO-HNPs are intranasally instilled in mice with allergic airway inflammation and lung sections of up to 100 μM are prepared. Using a two-photon-laser scanning microscope, it is shown that bright BFO-HNPs signals are detected from superficially localized cells as well as from deep within the lung tissue. BFO-HNPs are identified with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio and virtually no background signal. The SHG from the nanocrystals can be distinguished from the endogenous collagen–derived SHG around the blood vessels and bronchial structures. BFO-HNPs are primarily taken up by M2 alveolar macrophages in vivo. This SHG imaging approach provides novel information about the interaction of macrophages with cells and the extracellular matrix in lung disease as it is capable of visualizing and tracking NP-loaded cells at high resolution in thick tissues with minimal background fluorescence.
关键词： two-photon-laser scanning microscopy,macrophages,third harmonic generation,nanoparticles,second harmonic generation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Evaluation of the corneal epithelium in non-Sj?gren’s and Sj?gren’s dry eyes: an in vivo confocal microscopy study using HRT III RCM
摘要： Background: The corneal epithelium is directly affected in dry eye syndrome. Thus, we attempted to describe the morphological features and evaluate the cellular density within the corneal epithelial layers in patients with non-Sj?gren’s (NSDE) and Sj?gren’s syndrome dry eyes (SSDE) by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Methods: Central cornea was prospectively imaged by IVCM in 68 clinically diagnosed aqueous tear-deficient dry eyes and 10 healthy age-matched control eyes. Morphological characteristics of corneal epithelial layers and cellular densities were evaluated by four trained graders from the Doheny Eye Institute. Results: Corneal epithelium in dry eyes presents morphological changes such as areas of enlarged and irregular shaped cells. In comparison with controls, the density of superficial epithelial cells was decreased in both the NSDE (P < 0.05) and SSDE groups (P < 0.01); the density of the outer layer of wing cells was smaller but not significantly different in NSDE (P > 0.05), but was lower in the SSDE group (P < 0.01); the density of the inner layer of wing cells was decreased in both the NSDE (P < 0.05) and SSDE groups (P < 0.01) and the density of basal epithelial cells was lower in both the NSDE (P < 0.01) and SSDE groups (P = 0.01). For all cell counts, the interclass correlation coefficient showed good agreement between graders (ICC =0.75 to 0.93). Conclusions: IVCM represents a reliable technique for examining the corneal epithelial microstructural changes associated with dry eyes, as well as for objectively and reproducibly quantifying cell densities within all corneal epithelial layers.
关键词： Dry eye syndrome,corneal epithelium,Sj?gren’s syndrome,in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14