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Implementing Inkjet-Printed Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Solution-Processed Organic Electronics
摘要： Through the use of solution-based materials, the field of printed organic electronics has not only made new devices accessible, but also allows the process of manufacture to move toward a high throughput industrial scale. However, while solution-based active layer materials in these systems have been studied quite intensely, the printed electrodes and specifically the transparent conductive anode have only relatively recently been investigated. In this progress report, the use of metal nanoparticles within printed organic electronic devices is highlighted, specifically their use as replacement of the commonly used indium tin oxide transparent conductive electrode within organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). A cross fertilization between the applications is expected since an OPV device is essentially an inversely operated OLED. This report aims to highlight the use of inkjet-printed nanoparticles as cost-effective electrodes for printed optoelectronic applications and discusses methods to improve the conductive and interfacial properties. Finally, in an outlook, the use of these types of metal nanoparticle inks to manipulate light management properties, such as outcoupling, in the device is investigated.
关键词： embedded silver and copper grid,metal nanoparticle ink,inkjet-printed electronics,transparent electrode,solution-processed optoelectronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Exploiting electrostatic shielding-effect of metal nanoparticles to recognize uncharged small molecule affinity with label-free graphene electronic biosensor
摘要： Label-free electronic biosensors as the non-electrochemical analytical tools without requirement of sophisticated instrumentation have become attractive, although their application in competitive affinity sensing of uncharged small molecules is hindered by a difficulty in the development of competing analogues. To break through this bottleneck, we report a novel analogue made by epitope-modified metal nanoparticles to enable the electronic signaling of small-molecule analyte recognition via competitive affinity. While the electronic signaling capability of metal nanoparticle analogues is demonstrated by a graphene field-effect transistor bioassay of small-molecule glucose as a proof-of-principle, interestingly, we discover a new electronic signaling mechanism in the metal nanoparticle affinity, different to the intuitive charge accumulation expectation. On the basis of Kelvin-probe force microscopic potential characterization and theoretical discussion, we fundamentally elucidated the signaling mechanism as a seldom used electrostatic shielding-effect, that is, in the analogue-receptor affinity, metal nanoparticles with the charge density lower than receptor biomolecules can reduce the collective electrical potential via charge dispersion. Further consider the convenient epitope-modifiability of metal nanoparticles, the easy-to-develop analogues for diverse target analyte might potentially be predictable in the future. And the application of label-free electronic biosensors for the competitive affinity bioassay of range-extended small molecules may thus be promoted based on the electrostatic shielding-effect.
关键词： electrostatic shielding-effect,competitive affinity,graphene field-effect transistor biosensor,uncharged small molecule,metal nanoparticle analogue
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Correlative Study of Enhanced Excitonic Emission in ZnO Coated with Al Nanoparticles using Electron and Laser Excitation
摘要： Recently, metal nanoparticle surface coatings have been found to significantly enhance the ultra-violet luminescence intensity from ZnO, providing a viable means to mitigate optical losses and improve LED performance. Although there is general agreement that resonantly excited Localized Surface plasmons (LSps) in metal nanoparticles can directly couple to excitons in the semiconductor increasing their spontaneous emission rate, the exact mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are currently not fully understood. In this work, LSP-exciton coupling in bulk and nanostructured ZnO coated with a 2 nm Al nanoparticle layer is investigated using correlative photoluminescence and depth-resolved cathodoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Temperature-resolved cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence measurements from 10 K to 250 K show free exciton (FX) emission enhancement factors up to 12x at 80 K, and reveal that the FX couple more efficiently to the LSPs compared to the localized donor-bound excitons. A strong polarization dependence between the LSPs and FX is observed where FX transitions are more strongly enhanced when polarized in the same direction as the electric field of the incident excitation, which is different for laser and electron beam sources. This result indicates that selective enhancement of the excitonic emission peaks in the ZnO coated with Al nanoparticles can be achieved by choosing the appropriate ZnO substrate orientation.
关键词： Localized Surface plasmons,metal nanoparticle,ZnO,exciton coupling,luminescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Continuous-Wave Laser-Induced Transfer of Metal Nanoparticles to Arbitrary Polymer Substrates
摘要： Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) and selective laser sintering (SLS) are two distinct laser processes that can be applied to metal nanoparticle (NP) ink for the fabrication of a conductive layer on various substrates. A pulsed laser and a continuous-wave (CW) laser are utilized respectively in the conventional LIFT and SLS processes; however, in this study, CW laser-induced transfer of the metal NP is proposed to achieve simultaneous sintering and transfer of the metal NP to a wide range of polymer substrates. At the optimum laser parameters, it was shown that a high-quality uniform metal conductor was created on the acceptor substrate while the metal NP was sharply detached from the donor substrate, and we anticipate that such an asymmetric transfer phenomenon is related to the di?erence in the adhesion strengths. The resultant metal electrode exhibits a low resistivity that is comparable to its bulk counterpart, together with strong adhesion to the target polymer substrate. The versatility of the proposed process in terms of the target substrate and applicable metal NPs brightens its prospects as a facile manufacturing scheme for ?exible electronics.
关键词： selective laser sintering,flexible electronics,metal nanoparticle ink,laser-induced forward transfer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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PRECISE FINITE DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS OF LORENTZ FORCE ACTING ON METAL NANOPARTICLE IRRADIATED WITH LIGHT
摘要： A ?nite di?erence method in the frequency domain is evaluated to clarify characteristics of the Lorentz force exerted on a metal nanoscale particle by light irradiation. Numerical results are compared with exact values obtained from Mie theory to show that applying a smoothing algorithm to the surface of a nanoparticle increases the accuracy of the simulation. Analysis of the Lorentz force exerted between two spheres aligned closely indicates that strong forces cause the spheres to attract each other at the plasmon resonant frequency. It was also noticed that application of the smoothing algorithm was indispensable in order to achieve the above result.
关键词： plasmon resonance,finite difference method,Lorentz force,light irradiation,metal nanoparticle,Mie theory
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles Dispersed in Almond Oil Using Laser Ablation Technique
摘要： Nanoparticle production by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) is a process that can generate pure nanoparticles (NPs) straight from a varied range of bulk substances and compounds. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are probably one of the most attractive noble metal nanostructures because of their unique and interesting physical and chemical properties. In this study, laser ablation of pure silver plate immersed in almond oil was carried out for Ag NPs production. Nd: Yag laser of wavelength 1064 nm, was used for the ablation of the Ag plate at different laser energies and ablation times. The almond oil permitted the formation of Ag NPs with a stable and homogeneity particle diameter in a reasonable time. The size distribution of the NPs was examined by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The particle sizes of the produced Ag NPs at laser energy 200 mJ in the solution at 10,15 and 20-min ablation times were 4.82, 3.11 and 1.82 nm respectively. The particle sizes of Ag NPs produced at different laser energies 150,200 and 250 mJ and at ablation time 10 min inside the solution were 5.39,4.82 and 1.92 nm respectively. The absorption peaks of the produced nanoparticles have been characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
关键词： Laser ablation,almond oil,metal nanoparticle
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Design, Molecular Modeling and Synthesis of Metal-Free Sensitizers of Thieno Pyridine Dyes as Light-Harvesting Materials with Efficiency Improvement Using Plasmonic Nanoparticles
摘要： Considering the thiophene unit as an electron-rich heterocycle, it is investigated with the aim of elucidating its potential efficiency for solar cell application. With the introduction of active substituents such as COOEt, CONH2 and CN into the thiophene segment, three novel thieno pyridine sensitizers (6a–c), based on donor-acceptor D-π-A construction, are designed and synthesized. The effect of the anchoring groups is investigated based on their molecular orbital’s (MO’s) energy gap (Eg). The electrostatic interaction between the synthesized dyes and metal nanoparticles, namely gold, silver and ruthenium, is believed to improve their performance as organic sensitizers. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are manufactured using the novel diazenyl pyridothiophene dyes, along with their metal nanoparticles conjugates as sensitizers, and were examined for efficiency improvement. Accordingly, using this modification, the photovoltaic performance was significantly improved. The promising results of conjugate (6b/AgNPs), compared with reported organic and natural sensitizers (JSC (1.136 × 10?1 mA/cm2), VOC (0.436 V), FF (0.57) and η (2.82 × 10?2%)), are attributed to the good interaction between the amide, methyl, amino and cyano groups attached to the thiophene pyridyl scaffolds and the surface of TiO2 porous film. Implementation of a molecular modeling study is performed to predict the ability of the thiophene moiety to be used in solar cell applications.
关键词： metal nanoparticle,plasmonic,organic sensitizers,tetrahydrobenzothiophenes,dye-sensitized solar cells,thienopyridine,HOMO-LUMO
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Lasing from Finite Plasmonic Nanoparticle Lattices
摘要： Small for lasers can generate coherent in vivo cellular imaging, and solid-state integrated photonics, lighting. Unlike conventional lasers, plasmonic lasers can generate coherent light at subwavelength scales, although cavity architectures based on metal ?lms and semiconducting gain exhibit large radiative losses and lack directional emission. In contrast, 2D metal nanoparticle arrays surrounded by organic dyes can support lasing with high directionality at the relationship between the number of nanoparticles in a ?nite lattice and their lasing emission characteristics is unknown. Here we show that the number of units in 2D gold nanoparticle lattices is critical to generate robust cavity resonances and lasing emission. Narrower lattice plasmons associated with stronger electromagnetic near ?elds are observed as the nanoparticle number increases. Experimentally, we demonstrate lasing from a 30 × 30 nanoparticle lattice. Semiquantum modeling indicates lower lasing thresholds and faster population inversion dynamics with higher nanoparticle numbers. These results suggest that ?nite lattices of nanoparticles integrated with gain can function as independent, coherent light sources for optical multiplexing and lab-on-a-chip applications.
关键词： metal nanoparticle lattices,?nite size,surface lattice resonances,small lasers,lattice plasmons
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Collectively induced exceptional points of quantum emitters coupled to nanoparticle surface plasmons
摘要： Exceptional points, resulting from non-Hermitian degeneracies, have the potential to enhance the capabilities of quantum sensing. Thus, finding exceptional points in different quantum systems is vital for developing such future sensing devices. Taking advantage of the enhanced light-matter interactions in a confined volume on a metal nanoparticle surface, here we theoretically demonstrate the existence of exceptional points in a system consisting of quantum emitters coupled to a metal nanoparticle of subwavelength scale. By using an analytical quantum electrodynamics approach, exceptional points are manifested as a result of a strong-coupling effect and observable in a drastic splitting of originally coalescent eigenenergies. Furthermore, we show that exceptional points can also occur when a number of quantum emitters are collectively coupled to the dipole mode of localized surface plasmons. Such a quantum collective effect not only relaxes the strong-coupling requirement for an individual emitter, but also results in a more stable generation of the exceptional points. Furthermore, we point out that the exceptional points can be explicitly revealed in the power spectra. A generalized signal-to-noise ratio, accounting for both the frequency splitting in the power spectrum and the system’s dissipation, shows clearly that a collection of quantum emitters coupled to a nanoparticle provides a better performance of detecting exceptional points, compared to that of a single quantum emitter.
关键词： strong-coupling effect,metal nanoparticle,power spectra,quantum emitters,quantum sensing,signal-to-noise ratio,surface plasmons,Exceptional points
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Nanoplasmonic 1D Diamond UV Photodetectors with High Performance
摘要： Diamond nanowires have recently drawn substantial attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties for electrochemical sensors, optoelectronics, and nanophotonics applications. However, diamond nanowire based ultraviolet photodetectors have not been reported because of the challenges involved in synthesizing crystalline diamond nanowires with controllable morphologies and, more fundamentally, the material’s high carrier concentration with low mobilities that limits the obtainable photoresponsivity. The synergetic integration of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) nanowires with nanoplasmonic enhancement by noble metal nanoparticles is a very promising approach to overcome these shortcomings. Here we report the fabrication of boron doped ultrananocrystalline diamond nanowires functionalized with the platinum nanoparticles to form self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors that exhibit an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 388 Amp/Watt at 300 nm wavelength, a fast response time around 20 ms, and a good UV/visible rejection ratio of about five orders of magnitude under zero-bias condition.
关键词： ultraviolet photodetector,nanowire,metal nanoparticle,ultrananocrystalline diamond,nanoplasmonics
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22