研究目的
To investigate the potential efficiency of the thiophene unit for solar cell application by designing and synthesizing novel thieno pyridine sensitizers based on donor-acceptor D-π-A construction and examining their performance with metal nanoparticles conjugates.
研究成果
The introduction of a substituted thiophene segment is of great benefit as a D-π-A organic sensitizer for solar cell applications. The conjugation with silver nanoparticles (6b/AgNPs) exhibits the best results over the studied alternatives, supported by the data measured and calculated of the HOMO-LUMO band gap energy. The introduction of stronger accepting and donating groups and increasing the planarity of the system using a triple bond bridge will provide a powerful strategy for the development of thiophene based highly efficient D-π-A organic sensitizer in the future.
研究不足
The lower efficiencies of organic sensitizers compared with other metal-based sensitizers may be due to the LUMO level being slightly lower than the energy of the conduction band of TiO2, leading to an insufficient electron injection into the TiO2 conduction band from the excited form of the sensitizers.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The synthesis of novel thieno pyridine sensitizers (6a–c) was carried out using the 2nd version of Gewald strategy. The effect of anchoring groups was investigated based on their molecular orbital’s energy gap (Eg). The electrostatic interaction between the synthesized dyes and metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, ruthenium) was studied to improve their performance as organic sensitizers.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The synthesis started with preparing the 2-amino-3-cyano-4-methylthiophene compound (1). The cyclization of 2-amino-3-cyano-4-methylthiophene (1) with ethyl-cyanoacetate in the presence of sodium ethoxide afforded the 4-amino-6,7-dihydro-3-methyl-6-oxothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (3).
3：1). The cyclization of 2-amino-3-cyano-4-methylthiophene (1) with ethyl-cyanoacetate in the presence of sodium ethoxide afforded the 4-amino-6,7-dihydro-3-methyl-6-oxothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (3). List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Chemicals and reagents were analytical grade or chemically pure and were supplied by Sigma Aldrich Co. Micro, spectral analyses, and electrochemical analyses were performed by the Micro Analytical Centers at Taif University and Mansoura University.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The synthesis procedures involved the preparation of starting compounds, cyclization reactions, and coupling reactions to achieve the final products. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were manufactured using the novel diazenyl pyridothiophene dyes along with their metal nanoparticles conjugates as sensitizers.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The UV-Vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetric measurements, and photovoltaic performance studies were conducted to analyze the data.
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