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Single-Cell Photothermal Neuromodulation for Functional Mapping of Neural Networks
摘要： Photothermal neuromodulation is one of the emerging technologies being developed for neuroscience studies because it can provide minimal-invasive control of neural activity in the deep brain with sub-millimeter precision. However, single cell modulation without genetic modification still remains a challenge, hindering its path to the broad application. Here, we introduce a nanoplasmonic approach to inhibit single neural activity with high temporal resolution. Low intensity of near infrared (NIR) was focused at single cell size on gold nanorod (GNR) integrated microelectrode array platform, generating photothermal effect underneath a target neuron for photothermal stimulation. We found that the photothermal stimulation modulates the spontaneous activity of a target neuron in an inhibitory manner. Single neuron inhibition was fast and highly reliable without thermal damage, and it can induce changes in network firing patterns, potentially suggesting their application for in vivo circuit modulation and functional connectomes.
关键词： photothermal effects,local surface plasmonic resonance,neuromodulation,gold nanorod,neuron
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Fabrication and photocatalytic activity of core@shell Ag3PO4@Cu2O heterojunction
摘要： Novel Ag3PO4@Cu2O core@shell heterojunction photocatalysts were fabricated through liquid phase reduction and chemical deposition method. Flower-like structures Cu2O were loaded on the surface of Ag3PO4 nanorods. The prepared Ag3PO4@Cu2O exhibited highly efficient photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of MB under visible-light irradiation. The possible mechanism for the excellent performance of this structure was also established.
关键词： Nanocomposites,Semiconductors,Core@shell,Photocatalytic,Flower-like Cu2O,Ag3PO4 nanorod
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Influence of Mg doping on the structural, morphological, optical, thermal, and visible-light responsive antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation
摘要： Mg-doped zinc oxide (Zn1-xMgxO, where x = 0.000, 0.001, 0.003, 0.005, and 0.010 M) nanoparticles (MgZnO NPs) were synthesized via a co-precipitation method and subjected to various analyses for application as functional additives in food packaging. The MgZnO NPs were successfully formed at approximately 360 °C and showed an increase in the optical band gap with respect to the increase in the concentration of Mg doping. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses of MgZnO NPs confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure and rod-like morphology. X-ray photoelectron spectra revealed that the Mg (1s) peaks centered at 1303.35 and 1303.38 eV were ascribed to the presence of Mg2+ replacing Zn2+. Transmission electron microscopy images showed rod shapes with the length of 208–650 nm and width of 84–142 nm. Various concentrations of synthesized MgZnO NPs were investigated against a gram-negative (Escherichia coli - DH5α) bacterial strain under light and dark conditions. Among the studied samples, 0.010 M MgZnO NPs of concentration 3 mg/mL showed the best antibacterial activity under the light condition. MgZnO NPs revealed uneven ridges on the outer surface, which promote the diffusion ability of Zn2+ and increased production of reactive oxygen species, and consequently lead to bacterial lysis. Furthermore, this study demonstrates excellent feasibility for the application of MgZnO NPs as fillers with good antibacterial activity, especially in antimicrobial food packaging applications.
关键词： Mg doping,reactive oxygen species,antibacterial activity,nanorod,ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Construction of Ag@AgCl decorated TiO2 nanorod array film with optimized photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance
摘要： A novel Ag@AgCl/TNR film photocatalyst was successfully obtained by a facile multistep route. Using a well-organized TiO2 nanorod array (TNR) film as the starting material, Ag nanoparticles were uniformly deposited on the TNR film via a photochemical reduction, and in situ oxidation of Ag by FeCl3 solution resulted in the formation of Ag@AgCl/TNR film. The structure, morphology, composition, optical, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of the obtained films were investigated in detail. The results showed that core-shell Ag@AgCl can effectively promote the transfer of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, suppress their recombination, and enhance the visible light absorption. The Ag@AgCl/TNR film with 60 min oxidation time (S60) showed the highest photocurrent and best transfer performance of interfacial electrons in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Nyquist plots. For the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO), the S60 exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency (90.8%) and good stability under visible light irradiation, which can be comparable and even better than the previous reports. A detailed photocatalytic mechanism was proposed on the basis of the fact that Ag nanoparticles with surface plasma resonance (SPR) can be excited by visible light and this unique structure effectively transfers photo-generated electrons from Ag to TiO2 conduction band, accomplished by the transfer of compensative electrons from a donor (Cl-) to Ag nanoparticles.
关键词： Nanorod array,Photocatalytic activity,Photocurrent,TiO2,Ag@AgCl
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Hierarchical rutile/anatase TiO2 nanorod/nanoflower thin film: Synthesis and characterizations
摘要： Hierarchical TiO2 nanorod/nano?ower thin ?lm was synthesized on ?uorine doped tin oxide glass via hydrothermal and aqueous chemistry methods. According to ?eld emission scanning electron microscopy results, the thin ?lm was crack-free and uniform. Primary nanorods had an average diameter of 95 nm and a length of 2 μm. They were perpendicular to the substrate owing to the TiO2 prenucleation. Growth of the nano?owers on the nanorods could increase both the speci?c surface area and roughness. X-ray di?raction and Raman spectroscopy showed that the nanorods were rutile; while the nano?owers were anatase. E?cient electron transfer from anatase to rutile could therefore occur. According to the di?use transmittance spectroscopy examination, the light harvesting rate was ameliorated and the band gap energy reduced to 2.83 eV. This was attributed to the F-doping the sample during synthesis. The enhancement of the photoelectrochemical activity allowed substitution of the TiO2 nanorod/nano?ower thin ?lm for the traditional TiO2 nanorods usually used in solar cells, sensors, and photocatalytic systems.
关键词： Aqueous chemistry,Nanorod array,Rutile/anatase TiO2,Hydrothermal,Nano?ower
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite – TiO2 nanorod arrays for efficient and stable photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution from HI splitting
摘要： Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production offers a promising solution to simultaneously tackle the global energy crisis and the environmental pollution. Herein, we report a PEC cell of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (methylammonium lead iodide, MAPbI3)-TiO2 nanorod array (TNAs) for efficient and stable hydrogen evolution in aqueous hydrogen iodide (HI) solution. The built-in electric field created across the MAPbI3-TiO2 junction is able to efficiently separate the electron-hole pairs photogenerated in MAPbI3 with electrons quickly injected from MAPbI3 to TiO2, which are then transported along the one-dimensional TiO2 nanorod channels to the counter electrode to reduce proton to evolve hydrogen. The optimized MAPbI3-TNA PEC cell exhibits a high photocurrent density of 1.75 mA cm-2 at 0.14 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under AM 1.5G illumination, which is able to stably produce molecular hydrogen at a rate of 33.3 mmol cm-2 h-1 for more than 8 h.
关键词： Perovskite,Nanorod arrays,Hydrogen evolution,Heterojunction,Photoelectrochemical
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Fabrication of an electrochromic device by using WO3 thin films synthesized using facile single-step hydrothermal process
摘要： The development of an uncomplicated process for the preparation of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanorods (NRs) using hydrothermal method is still underway. Thus, this study demonstrated the growth of WO3 NRs on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates in aqueous solution using single synthesis step hydrothermally. The surface area and size of the NRs which should be tunable for electrochromic (EC) applications were controlled by adjusting the concentration of surfactants such as propylene glycol (PG). The synthesized NRs were illustrated using crystal structure study, surface morphology, chemical analysis, and the measure of the luminance of a color. The results manifested that increasing the PG content increased the size of the crystallite with a nanoparticle-like morphology on the ITO substrate, indicating the direct deposition of a stable WO3 thin film. In addition, the synthesized WO3 NRs exhibited fast switching speed and high contrast ratio implying superior EC properties for smart window application. Furthermore, an EC device with the dimensions of 2×4 cm2 was assembled using the synthesized WO3 NRs with the ITO/WO3/Lithium perchlorate-propylene carbonate-poly(methyl methacrylate)-acetonitrile/nickel oxide/ITO configuration. The device had an average optical modulation in the visible region, a fast EC response time (1.2 s for coloration and 1.5 s for decoloration), excellent coloration efficiency (243 cm2 C-1) and a superior EC stability (over 20000 color/decolor cycles).
关键词： nanorod,tungsten trioxide,single-step method,Hydrothermal method,electrochromic device
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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CoPi/Co(OH)2 Modified Ta3N5 as New Photocatalyst for Photoelectrochemical Cathodic Protection of 304 Stainless Steel
摘要： In this work, CoPi and Co(OH)2 nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of Ta3N5 nanorod-arrays to yield a novel broad-spectrum response photocatalytic material for 304 stainless steel photocatalytic cathodic protection. The Ta3N5 nanorod-arrays were prepared by vapor-phase hydrothermal (VPH) and nitriding processes and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively, to obtain morphologies, crystal structures, surface compositions, and light response range. In order to analyze the performance improvement mechanism of CoPi/Co(OH)2 on Ta3N5 nanorod-arrays, the electrochemical behavior of modi?ed and unmodi?ed Ta3N5 was obtained by measuring the open circuit potential and photocurrent in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results revealed that the modi?ed Ta3N5 material better protects 304 stainless steel at protection potentials reaching ?0.45 V.
关键词： CoPi/Co(OH)2 modi?cation,cathodic protection,Ta3N5 nanorod-arrays,photocatalysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Growth Condition-Oriented Defect Engineering for Changes in Au–ZnO Contact Behavior from Schottky to Ohmic and Vice Versa
摘要： ZnO has the built-in characteristics of both ionic and covalent compound semiconductors, which makes the metal–ZnO carrier transport mechanism quite intricate. The growth mechanism-centric change in ZnO defect density and carrier concentration also makes the contact formation and behavior unpredictable. This study investigates the uncertainty in Au–ZnO contact behavior for application-oriented research and the development on ZnO nanostructures. Herein, we explain the phenomenon for how Au–ZnO contact could be rectifying or non-rectifying. Growth method-dependent defect engineering was exploited to explain the change in Schottky barrier heights at the Au–ZnO interface, and the change in device characteristics from Schottky to Ohmic and vice versa. The ZnO nanorods were fabricated via aqueous chemical growth (ACG) and microwave-assisted growth (MAG) methods. For further investigations, one ACG sample was doped with Ga, and another was subjected to oxygen plasma treatment (OPT). The ACG and Ga-doped ACG samples showed a quasi-Ohmic and Ohmic behavior, respectively, because of a high surface and subsurface level donor defect-centric Schottky barrier pinning at the Au–ZnO interface. However, the ACG-OPT and MAG samples showed a more pronounced Schottky contact because of the presence of low defect-centric carrier concentration via MAG, and the removal of the surface accumulation layer via the OPT process.
关键词： oxygen plasma treatment,nanorod,ZnO,crystal defects,microwave,metal-semiconductor contact
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Broadband light harvesting for highly efficient hot-electron application based on conformal metallic nanorod arrays
摘要： The utilization of nonradiative decay of surface plasmons (SPs) in the form of hot electrons in metallic nanostructures has a great potential for applications in photovoltaics, photocatalysis, photodetection, and surface imaging. Unfortunately, the metallic nanostructures usually support only narrowband plasmon resonances; moreover, the hot-electron thermalization loss during the transport to Schottky interface and the confined momentum space for hot-electron injection into semiconductor together result in an inefficient internal quantum process. In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a broadband super absorber based on the metallic nanorod arrays (NRs). Optically, the average absorption across the entire visible band is up to 0.8, which is over 16-fold enhancement of the planar reference. Electrically, the hot electrons are controlled to be preferentially generated near Schottky interface within the mean free path, relieving the severe hot-electron thermalization loss. Moreover, the three-dimensional Schottky junction provides much increased hot-electron momentum space for injection at the vertical surface. These optical and electrical benefits lead to over 30-fold enhancement in the IPCE (incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency) relative to the reference. The IPCE can be up to 10.9% at Eph = 3.1 eV, which is close to the limit of the thick-film single-barrier hot-electron devices. The conformal NRs system provides a promising strategy to simultaneously improve the hot-electron generation, transport and collection efficiencies and could be an outstanding candidate for efficient hot-electron optoelectronic and photocatalysis systems.
关键词： hot electron,surface plasmons,nanorod arrays,broadband absorber
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21