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Improving Photovoltaic and Enzymatic-Sensing Performance by Coupling Core-Shell Au Nanorod@TiO2 Heterostructure with Bioinspired L-DOPA Polymer
摘要： The photoelectrochemistry (PEC) performance of TiO2 is somewhat limited by its wide band gap and low quantum efficiency, and the innovation of its composite materials provides a promising solution for an improved performance. Herein, a composite of an Au nanorod@TiO2 core-shell nanostructure (AuNR@TiO2) and a melanin-like L-DOPA polymer (PD) is designed and prepared, where the outer-layer PD tethered by the TiO2-hydroxyl complexation and the AuNR core can intensify the long-wavelength light harvesting, and the AuNR@TiO2 core-shell structure can strengthen the hot-electron transfer to TiO2. The photocurrent of the PD/AuNR@TiO2 is 8.4-fold improved versus that of commercial TiO2, and the maximum incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency reaches 65% in the UV-visible-near-infrared region. In addition, the novel PD/AuNR@TiO2 photocatalyst possesses the advantages of good biocompatibility and stability, which can act as a versatile PEC biosensing platform for providing biocompatible environment and improving detection sensitivity. Herein, a PEC enzymatic biosensor of glucose is developed on the basis of the immobilization of dual enzyme (glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)) in PD and the signalling strategy of biocatalytic precipitation. In phosphate buffer containing glucose and 4-chloro-1-naphthol, the HRP-catalyzed oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol by GOx-generated H2O2 can form a precipitate on the electrode, by which the decrement of photocurrent intensity is proportional to the common logarithm of glucose concentration. The linear detection range is from 0.05 μM to 10.0 mM glucose, with a limit of detection of 0.01 μM (S/N=3). Glucose in some human serum samples is analyzed with satisfactory results.
关键词： Au nanorod@TiO2 core-shell heterostructure,biocatalytic precipitation,bioinspired L-DOPA polymer,photoelectrochemistry,enzymatic sensing of glucose
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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Au@Ag@Ag2S heterogeneous plasmonic nanorods for enhanced dye-sensitized solar cell performance
摘要： Au@Ag@Ag2S heterogeneous nanorods (NRs) with two strong plasmonic absorptive bands were developed for boosting the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells, and the remarkably enhanced plasmonic devices were achieved. By doping different concentrations of the Au@Ag@Ag2S NRs within the TiO2 photoanode layers, various enhanced effects of the plasmonic devices were obtained. With the incorporation of the typical Au@Ag@Ag2S NRs (their aspect ratios: 2.7) into the TiO2 photoanodes, the top efficiency of 6.51% of the fabricated plasmonic photovoltaic devices at their doped concentrations of the 2.31% was observed, exhibiting dramatic 40% enhancement than that of the conventional dye-sensitized solar cells (bare device: 4.65%). Benefiting from effective surface plasmon effects of the Au@Ag@Ag2S NRs, the light-harvesting abilities of photoanodes and dyes in devices are dramatically enhanced, which in return boost the whole performance of photovoltaic devices significantly.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cell,Nanorod,Power conversion efficiency,Plasmonic effect
更新于2025-11-14 15:27:09
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Three Dimensional Structures of NiO Nanoporous/ZnO Nanoarray Film for Enhanced Electrochromic Performance
摘要： An electrochromic device using the as-obtained NiO nanoporous/ZnO nanoarray working electrode was constructed and assembled. NiO nanoporous/ZnO nanoarray three dimensional structures was prepared on ITO glass substrate by a two-step route which combined chemical bath deposition method with hydrothermal method. NiO nanoporous/ZnO nanoarray electrode reveals noticeable improvement of electrochromism compared to unitary NiO nanoporous, including larger optical modulation (81%), higher coloration efficiency (78.5 cm2/C), faster response times (2.6 s and 9.7 s for coloring and bleaching), and favourable durability performance. Such enhancement is mainly attributed to the three dimensional structures of NiO nanoporous coated on ZnO nanoarray. Namely, (1) uniform hexagonal ZnO nanoarray loaded more amount of NiO nanoporous, (2) NiO nanoporous cross-linked with ZnO nanorods provided a loose interspace morphology, (3) stronger adhesion between ZnO nanorods and ITO rested with ZnO seed, (4) core-shell and cross-linked structures promoted electrolyte infiltration, and (5) appropriate bandgap improved the charges transfer.
关键词： NiO nanoporous,ZnO nanorod array,electrochromic,three dimensional
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Length-Dependent Electronic Transport Properties of the ZnO Nanorod
摘要： The two-probe device of nanorod-coupled gold electrodes is constructed based on the triangular zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod. The length-dependent electronic transport properties of the ZnO nanorod was studied by density functional theory (DFT) with the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF). Our results show that the current of devices decreases with increasing length of the ZnO nanorod at the same bias voltage. Metal-like behavior for the short nanorod was observed under small bias voltage due to the interface state between gold and the ZnO nanorod. However, the influence of the interface on the device was negligible under the condition that the length of the ZnO nanorod increases. Moreover, the rectification behavior was observed for the longer ZnO nanorod, which was analyzed from the transmission spectra and molecular-projected self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH) states. Our results indicate that the ZnO nanorod would have potential applications in electronic-integrated devices.
关键词： current–voltage (I–V) curves,molecular-projected self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH),transport properties,zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod,transmission spectrum
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Multifunctional nanoclusters of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanoparticle and gold nanorod for simultaneous imaging and targeted chemotherapy of bladder cancer
摘要： This paper reports successful synthesis of multifunctional nanoclusters of upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) and gold nanorod (AuNR) through a PEGylation process. UCNPs emit visible luminescence under near-infrared excitation, producing high-contrast images with no background fluorescence. When coupled with AuNRs, the resulting UCNP-AuNR multifunctional nanoclusters are capable of simultaneous detection and treatment of bladder cancer. These UCNP-AuNR nanoclusters are further functionalized with antibodies to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to target bladder cancer cells known to overexpress EGFRs. This paper demonstrates, for the first time, efficient targeting of bladder cancer cells with UCNP-AuNR nanoclusters. In addition to high-contrast imaging and consequently high sensitivity detection of bladder cancer cells, highly selective optoporation-assisted chemotherapy was accomplished using a dosage of chemotherapy agent significantly lower than any previous reports, within a clinically relevant incubation time window. These results are highly relevant to the eventual human application in which the nanoclusters and chemotherapy drugs will be directly instilled in bladder via urinary catheter.
关键词： Luminescence upconversion,Surface Plasmon,Bladder Cancer,Gold Nanorod,Optoporation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Quantifying Photocurrent Loss of a Single Particle–Particle Interface in Nanostructured Photoelectrodes
摘要： Particle?particle interfaces are ubiquitous in nanostructured photoelectrodes and photovoltaics, which are important devices for solar energy conversion. These interfaces are expected to cause performance losses in these devices, but how much loss they would incur is poorly defined. Here we use a subparticle photoelectrochemical microscopy approach in combination with specific photocurrent measurement electrode configurations to quantify the current losses from single particle?particle interfaces formed between individual TiO2 nanorods operating as photoanodes in aqueous electrolytes. We find that a single interface leads to ～20% photocurrent loss (i.e., ～80% retention of the original current). Such quantitative, first-of-its-kind, information provides a metric for guiding the optimization and design of nanostructured photoelectrodes and photovoltaics.
关键词： single nanorod photoelectrodes,interface losses,Subparticle photoelectrochemistry
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Gold Nanorod-Coated Capillaries for the SERS-Based Detection of Thiram
摘要： Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based capillary system is a promising route towards fast, real-time and in-situ detection using a facile sampling process. Here, we demonstrate for the first time resonance-tunable SERS-active capillaries with high sensitivity, reproducibility and stability. The strong signal consistency independent of measurement spots or storage time supports the long-term storage and signal tracking of analytes in practical use. The capillaries were successfully applied to the in-situ detection of pesticide residues, and the sampling process provides operation conveniency compared to conventional methods. These results indicate that our SERS-active capillaries have great potentials in fast in-situ detection for many practical applications.
关键词： surface enhanced Raman scattering,stability,thiram detection,gold nanorod,capillary tube,tunable plasmon resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Incorporating Mn <sup>2+</sup> /Ni <sup>2+</sup> /Cu <sup>2+</sup> /Zn <sup>2+</sup> in the Co <sub/>3</sub> O <sub/>4</sub> Nanorod: To Investigate the Effect of Structural Modification in the Co <sub/>3</sub> O <sub/>4</sub> Nanorod and Its Electrochemical Performance
摘要： The major key component for developing a high-efficiency supercapacitor device is electrode and electrolyte material. This research paper demonstrates the structural modification of Co3O4 nanorod and the electrochemical behavior of Co3O4 nanorod in different aqueous electrolytes such as KOH, PVA/KOH, NaOH, KCl, and Na2SO4. The pseudocapacitive behavior of Co3O4 is varying in the order of KOH > NaOH > PVA/KOH > Na2SO4 > KCl. The storage capability of MCo2O4 (where M = Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn) nanorods has been compared with Co3O4 nanorod in the KOH electrolyte environment. The material in the form of nanorods is beneficial for an efficient pathway to penetrate an OH- ion into the electroactive material. Among other cobaltite (MCo2O4), NiCo2O4 nanorod exhibits the outstanding capacitance value of 2041.7 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. NiCo2O4 || NiCo2O4 symmetric supercapacitor system delivers the maximum energy density of 25.42 W h kg-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1.
关键词： KOH electrolyte,MCo2O4 nanorod,High specific capacitance,Symmetric device
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Energy diagram analysis of photoelectrochemical water splitting process
摘要： Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting process is thoroughly revisited based on the energy diagram to elucidate the experimental observations. The TiO2 nanorod structure is studied as the model system for the photoanode of the PEC cell due to its stability in both acidic and basic solutions. The photocurrents with the external bias are examined under the various electrolytes of H2SO4, NaCl, and NaOH. The energy diagrams of the whole PEC system related to the water splitting process are interactively constructed in three-electrode configuration with the vacuum level as the common reference. Electrode potentials and photocurrents measured with the external bias in dark and under light are systematically correlated with the energy diagram of the PEC system. The pH dependent flat-band potential is explained by applying the pH dependent Helmholtz layer potential at the interface. In addition, the distribution of the applied potential in the PEC system during the water splitting process is understood by in-depth understanding of the energy band diagram.
关键词： band analysis,TiO2 nanorod,photoelectrochemical water splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Performance enhancement of ZnO nanorod-based enzymatic glucose sensor via reduced graphene oxide deposition and UV irradiation
摘要： This paper reports the performance enhancement of a ZnO nanorod-based enzymatic glucose sensor with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) introduced between the ZnO nanorods and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and then stimulated under UV irradiation. The electrochemical characterization indicates that the rGO not only facilitates electron transfer through the ZnO nanorods to the ITO electrode but also inhibits the fast recombination of the photo-generated electrons and holes. The UV irradiation stimulates holes in the valence band of the ZnO nanorods, which as oxidants enhance the catalytic activity of the glucose oxidase (GOx) towards glucose. The rGO increases the sensitivity of the ZnO nanorod-based glucose sensor by 1.6 times and decreases the detection limit by 2.3 times. Together with the rGO, the UV irradiation further increases the sensitivity by 1.7 times and diminishes the detection limit by 2 times. Moreover, the as-prepared glucose sensors exhibit excellent selectivity to urea, uric acid, and ascorbic acid, and can reliably determine the glucose concentration in a serum sample. The results have the potential to improve the performance of other enzymatic biosensors.
关键词： Glucose sensor,ZnO nanorod,UV irradiation,Graphene,Electrochemical test
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52