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Towards the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for real-time in vivo detection of breast cancer during surgery
摘要： Background: Breast cancer surgeons struggle with differentiating healthy tissue from cancer at the resection margin during surgery. We report on the feasibility of using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for real?time in vivo tissue characterization. Methods: Evaluating feasibility of the technology requires a setting in which measurements, imaging and pathology have the best possible correlation. For this purpose an optical biopsy needle was used that had integrated optical fibers at the tip of the needle. This approach enabled the best possible correlation between optical measurement volume and tissue histology. With this optical biopsy needle we acquired real?time DRS data of normal tissue and tumor tissue in 27 patients that underwent an ultrasound guided breast biopsy procedure. Five additional patients were measured in continuous mode in which we obtained DRS measurements along the entire biopsy needle trajectory. We developed and compared three different support vector machine based classification models to classify the DRS measurements. Results: With DRS malignant tissue could be discriminated from healthy tissue. The classification model that was based on eight selected wavelengths had the highest accuracy and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.93 and 0.87, respectively. In three patients that were measured in continuous mode and had malignant tissue in their biopsy specimen, a clear transition was seen in the classified DRS measurements going from healthy tissue to tumor tissue. This transition was not seen in the other two continuously measured patients that had benign tissue in their biopsy specimen. Conclusions: It was concluded that DRS is feasible for integration in a surgical tool that could assist the breast surgeon in detecting positive resection margins during breast surgery.
关键词： Intraoperative margin assessment,Breast cancer surgery,Optical technology,Real?time
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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http://www.orientjchem.org/vol34no1/optical-pattern-of-liquid-crystalline-structure-in-singular-and-mixed-anionic-cationic-surfactant-system/
摘要： A preliminary study to examine the liquid crystalline region formed by surfactant, DTAB and AOT, individually and mixed, in the presence of various chain length alcohols was carried out. Several ternary phase equilibrium were constructed. Results showed that all the investigated systems apart from forming lyotropic liquid crystalline structure were also able to form self-assembled aggregates such as micelle and reversed micelles. From the optical pattern observation, it was observed that two types of liquid crystalline were formed namely hexagonal and lamellar.
关键词： Optical pattern,Phase diagram,Surfactants
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of subretinal bands associated with chronic retinal detachments
摘要： We report three patients with subretinal bands associated with retinal detachment in chronic retinal detachments who underwent successful retinal reattachment. Subretinal bands before and after surgery can be identified on clinical examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Removal of subretinal bands is not mandatory to achieve retinal reattachment.
关键词： optical coherence tomography,retinal detachment,subretinal bands
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Study of Optical Soliton Perturbation with Quadratic-Cubic Nonlinearity by Lie Symmetry and Group Invariance
摘要： Here, optical soliton perturbation with quadratic-cubic nonlinearity has been discussed by applying Lie symmetry and group invariants. The perturbation terms include third and fourth order dispersions in addition to self-steepening, intermodal dispersion and higher order dispersion effects. Using presented algorithms, Bright and dark soliton solutions are revealed.
关键词： group invariants,higher order dispersion effects,third and fourth order dispersions,optical soliton perturbation,Lie symmetry,quadratic-cubic nonlinearity,Bright and dark soliton solutions,self-steepening,intermodal dispersion
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Monoisotopic Ensembles of Silicon-Vacancy Color Centers with Narrow-Line Luminescence in Homoepitaxial Diamond Layers Grown in H <sub/>2</sub> –CH <sub/>4</sub> – <sup> [ <i>x</i> ] </sup> SiH <sub/>4</sub> Gas Mixtures ( <i>x</i> = 28, 29, 30)
摘要： Silicon-vacancy (SiV?) color center in diamond is of high interest for applications in nanophotonics and quantum information technologies, as a single photon emitter with excellent spectral properties. To obtain spectrally identical SiV? emitters, we doped homoepitaxial diamond ?lms in situ with 28Si, 29Si, and 30Si isotopes using isotopically enriched (>99.9%) silane SiH4 gas added in H2?CH4 mixtures in the course of the microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition process. Zero-phonon line components as narrow as ～4.8 GHz were measured in both absorption and luminescence spectra for the monoisotopic SiV? ensembles with a concentration of a few parts per billion. We determined with high accuracy the Si isotopic energy shift of SiV? zero-phonon line. The SiV? emission intensity is shown to be easily controlled by the doped epi?lm thickness. Also, we identi?ed and characterized the localized single photon SiV? sources. The developed doping process opens a way to produce the SiV? emitter ensembles with energy con?ned in an extremely narrow range.
关键词： diamond,silicon-vacancy center,CVD synthesis,optical absorption,photoluminescence,doping,silicon isotope
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Metasurface with pull
摘要： Using light to manipulate small particles has proven an indispensable tool for ‘tweezing’, sorting and force measurements. To achieve effective optical traps with high ‘stiffness’, researchers often go to great lengths to tailor light fields, for example by using holographic elements. Now, Aliaksandra Ivinskaya and colleagues from Russia, the USA, the UK and Israel predict that small particles can be manipulated using a plane wave of light and a simple flat surface of an anisotropic media supporting hyperbolic modes. Their hyperbolic metamaterial is composed of metal and dielectric layers and is potentially less affected by losses and offers more broadband capability than purely plasmonic approaches. In their theoretical study a small dielectric sphere near a hyperbolic metamaterial is considered. The particle is sufficiently small to provide the required momentum to excite both surface plasmon and bulk hyperbolic waves from incident plane waves. Strong optical pulling forces were predicted over the 400–800 nm wavelength range thanks to the broadband high density of states of hyperbolic modes.
关键词： metasurface,hyperbolic modes,plasmon,nano-optics,optical manipulation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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High-Performance PEDOT:PSS/Hexamethylene Diisocyanate-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: Preparation and Properties
摘要： Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as an ideal ?ller to reinforce polymeric matrices owing to its large speci?c surface area, transparency, ?exibility, and very high mechanical strength. Nonetheless, functionalization is required to improve its solubility in common solvents and expand its practical uses. In this work, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-functionalized GO (HDI-GO) has been used as ?ller of a conductive polymer matrix, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The nanocomposites have been prepared via a simple solution casting method, and have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis and Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile tests, and four-point probe measurements to get information about how the HDI-GO functionalization degree (FD) and the HDI-GO concentration in the nanocomposite in?uence the ?nal properties. SEM analysis showed a very homogenous dispersion of the HDI-GO nanosheets with the highest FD within the matrix, and the Raman spectra revealed the existence of very strong HDI-GO-PEDOT:PSS interactions. A gradual improvement in thermal stability was found with increasing HDI-GO concentration, with only a small loss in transparency. A reduction in the sheet resistance of PEDOT:PSS was found at low HDI-GO contents, whilst increasing moderately at the highest loading tested. The nanocomposites showed a good combination of stiffness, strength, ductility, and toughness. The optimum balance of properties was attained for samples incorporating 2 and 5 wt % HDI-GO with the highest FD. These solution-processed nanocomposites show considerably improved performance compared to conventional PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites ?lled with raw GO, and are highly suitable for applications in various ?elds, including ?exible electronics, thermoelectric devices, and solar energy applications.
关键词： hexamethylene diisocyanate,PEDOT:PSS,functionalization degree,nanocomposite,optical transmittance,sheet resistance,graphene oxide,mechanical properties
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14