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Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution via Pt@Au NRs/C <sub/>3</sub> N <sub/>4</sub> Nanotubes under Visible-Light Irradiation
摘要： Au nanorods (NRs) decorated carbon nitride nanotubes (Au NRs/CNNTs) photocatalysts have been designed and prepared by impregnation–annealing approach. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peaks of Au NRs can be adjusted by changing the aspect ratios, and the light absorption range of Au NRs/CNNTs is extended to longer wavelength even near-infrared light. Optimal composition of Pt@Au NR769/CNNT650 has been achieved by adjusting the LSPR peaks of Au NRs and further depositing Pt nanoparticles (NPs), and the photocatalytic H2 evolution rate is 207.0 μmol h?1 (20 mg catalyst). Preliminary LSPR enhancement photocatalytic mechanism is suggested. On one hand, LSPR of Au NRs is beneficial for visible-light utilization. On the other hand, Pt NPs and Au NRs have a synergetic enhancement effect on photocatalytic H2 evolution of CNNTs, in which the local electromagnetic field can improve the photogenerated carrier separation and direct electron transfer increases the hot electron concentration while Au NRs as the electron channel can well restrain charge recombination, finally Pt as co-catalyst can boost H+ reduction rate. This work provides a new way to develop efficient photocatalysts for splitting water, which can simultaneously extend light absorption range and facilitate carrier generation, transportation and reduce carrier recombination.
关键词： synergetic effect,plasmonic photocatalysts,carbon nitride nanotubes,Au nanorods,photocatalytic H2 evolution
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Tuning the Porosity of TiO2 Nanoparticles via Surfactant-Templated Aerosol Process for Enhanced Photocatalytic Reactivity
摘要： In this work, we fabricated crystallite solid and porous TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) using a surfactant-templated aerosol process. Specifically, Brij-58 surfactant was employed as a template in TiO2 matrix. The porosity of TiO2 NPs was controlled by varying the amount of Brij-58. The effect of TiO2 porosity on the photocatalytic reactivity was systematically examined. As a result, the highly porous TiO2 NPs exhibited much better photocatalytic reactivity than the low porosity TiO2 NPs. This suggests that the particle size, crystallite structure, and specific surface area play an important role in enhancing the photocatalytic reactivity of the TiO2 NPs.
关键词： surfactants,Aerosol process,photocatalysts,porous TiO2 nanoparticles,specific surface area
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Ultrasound-assisted successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction synthesis of Cu2O cubes sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays for the enhanced photoelectrochemical performance
摘要： In this paper, Cu2O cubes with high photoelectrochemical activities were deposited on the surface of TiO2 nanotube arrays by the ultrasound-assisted successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The elemental composition and morphology were characterized by XPS and SEM. The TiO2 NTs/Cu2O showed excellent photoelectric conversion and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) removal of organic dyes and Cr(VI). The results confirmed that the SILAR deposition cycle greatly influenced the visible light response and PEC properties, and the TiO2 NTs/Cu2O (6) prepared with 6 SILAR cycles showed the optimal visible light photocurrent (1.08 mA/cm2), visible light photovoltage (-0.044 V/cm2), solar PEC degradation efficiencies of MO (77.62%), RhB (61.83%) and MB (98.30%), and PEC reduction of Cr(VI) (97.16%). The TiO2 NTs/Cu2O photoelectrodes would show prospective applications in solar cells and waste-water treatment due to the significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical performance.
关键词： Photocatalysts,TiO2 nanotube arrays,Cu2O cubes,SILAR,Photocurrent
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Nanoscale Materials in Water Purification || Recent Progress in TiO2- and ZnO-Based Nanostructured Hybrid Photocatalysts for Water Purification and Hydrogen Generation
摘要： Energy and clean environmental conditions are the two basic requirements for the survival and progress of human civilization. The Industrial Revolution was a prime factor in the rapid development of human society. However, the industrial malpractices of waste disposal and extensive use of fossil fuels have led human society to face a number of challenges such as global warming, and water and air pollution. Also, the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture has led to high toxicity in soil and ground water, which can pose a big threat to human and wildlife [1]. A recent WHO report shows that about 3.7 million people globally die each year in the 21st century from the hazards of water and air pollution, and 92% of the world’s population still does not have access to pure water [2]. The fossil fuel resources are limited in their ability to cater to the energy demands of the growing world’s population and are on the verge of exhaustion in the near future. This has led to the fear of energy crises, which can prove fatal for human society. Hence, the search for an ultimate and clean energy source, as well as the development of technologies for the remediation of hazardous materials from the environment have become topics of high international concern. There have been several attempts to harness alternative energy sources such as wind, water tides, biomass and solar energy, etc., as well as to design methods for the remediation of environmental pollutants. Hence, the development of cleaner, low carbon, and sustainable technologies is a bigger challenge for scientists and engineers worldwide [3]. Some technologies have been developed to harness alternative energy sources, but these have proven either inefficient or too expensive. Also, efforts toward the removal of harmful environmental pollutants are either inefficient or have their own side effects [4]. Among renewable energy sources, solar energy is available in abundance and has the potential for overcoming current environmental impacts. However, its unavailability at night, and during rainy and foggy seasons make it difficult to properly harness. Hence, transforming energy from sunlight to the chemical energy of hydrogen through photocatalytic water splitting could be a more promising approach [5]. Solar energy is also gaining attention for water treatment. There have been a number of metal oxide-based photocatalysts prepared for degrading organic pollutants such as dyes and pesticides. This chapter stresses H2 generation through photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting and photocatalytic water treatment using two well-known photocatalysts, ZnO and TiO2.
关键词： ZnO,water purification,nanostructured hybrid photocatalysts,hydrogen generation,TiO2
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Nanoscale Materials in Water Purification || Photocatalysis of Graphene and Carbon Nitride-Based Functional Carbon Quantum Dots
摘要： Day by day, global energy demands increase due to the rapid consumption of depleting fossil fuels and environmental pollution. This has led to the search for materials capable of both energy conversion and elimination of environmental pollutants through the aid of renewable solar energy. This is a promising approach for meeting future energy requirements and eliminating environmental pollutants. In this pursuit, semiconductor photocatalysts have immense potential for solving both energy and environmental issues. To date, numerous semiconductor materials have been explored, including those of metal oxides, chalcogenides, borates, titanates, tungstates, vanadates, zirconates, oxyhalides, and metal-based interstitial compounds. However, the majority of these suffer from limitations such as complex synthesis procedures, limited light absorption range due to their wide band gap, high cost, and toxicity-related issues. Over the past decade, carbon-based nanomaterials have gained attention in the field of photocatalysis. Many recent articles have placed emphasis upon metal-free carbon-based photocatalytic systems for degradation of organic pollutants and hydrogen production from water splitting. The prime merit of these nanomaterials is that they originate from naturally abundant constituent elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, making them more economical than their metal-based counterparts. Most reported carbon-based photocatalysts have tunable band gap energies, enhancing their optical absorption range. Band gap energy can be tuned by varying synthesis conditions and precursors, resulting in the formation of nanomaterials with different morphologies. The preparation procedures for most carbon-based nanomaterials are less complex than those of metal-based materials.
关键词： water splitting,energy conversion,semiconductor photocatalysts,graphene,carbon nitride,quantum dots,carbon-based nanomaterials,hydrogen production,solar energy,environmental pollutants,photocatalysis
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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A Review on BiOX (X= Cl, Br and I) Nano-/Microstructures for Their Photocatalytic Applications
摘要： In the recent past, bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) have been widely used for the photocatalytic degradation of the organic pollutants and other environmental remediation because of their higher stability, economic viability, nontoxicity and effective charge separation. We begin with the review of the different approaches adopted so far for BiOX (X = Cl, Br, and I) synthesis and a study of their photocatalytic performances under UV and visible light towards the various organic as well as inorganic pollutants. Later on, a study on further enhancement of the ef?ciency of BiOX under UV and visible light irradiation using recent advancements would be presented. The new approaches involve controlled morphology by forming composite and hybrid materials with other semiconductors and also doping with other metals and nonmetals that would undoubtedly be bene?cial in the interfacial charge transfer and ef?cient inhibition of the photo-generated species. Herein, we would also exploit the recent developments in the research strategies for enhancing photocatalytic activity of BiOX.
关键词： Pollutants,Photocatalysts,Functionalization,Stability,Bismuth Oxyhalides,Heterostructures,Photogenerated Species,Environmental Remediation,Composites,Photodegradation,Visible Light
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Development of Graphene Based Photocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to C1 Chemicals: A brief Overview
摘要： Transformation of CO2, a notorious greenhouse gas, to solar fuels is a promising strategy to alleviate the issues of global warming, environmental pollution, and climatic changes. Additionally, the CO2 conversion to useful chemicals/ fuels also possess a great potential to well match the energy demand in a sustainable manner. Hence, such exceptional benefits of harnessing CO2, by capitalizing sunlight, to valuable chemicals/fuels through photocatalysis, as one of the effective approach in the respective domain, have triggered great interest among researchers and scientific community. In this regard, utilization of customary and standard photocatalytic materials, specifically metal oxides like TiO2, are modified to provide enhanced performance, which is usually restricted due to limited intrinsic optical and physicochemical properties. To overcome such a critical issue of limited performance, several strategies like metals and non-metals doping, hetero-junctions, composites and nanostructures formation of photocatalytic materials have been investigated. Recently, with the invention of graphene and its derivatives, graphene based photocatalytic materials have been a topic of great interest, specifically for photocatalysts development and photocatalysis application. Graphene and its derivatives, due to their extraordinary physiochemical and electrical properties like high surface area, stability, anticorrosion capacity, photosensitizer, and excellent conductivity, can knock out the performance limiting constraints faced by traditional photocatalysts. Thus, Graphene based photocatalysts can be a feasible strategy to break new grounds in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction (PCCR) to useful chemicals/ fuels, i.e. conversion of sunlight to fuels. Herein, a summarized overview is presented for the latest development in graphene-based photocatalysts, focusing various strategies and researches being investigated in relation to the, utility of graphene and its derivatives for solar fuels generation, particularly C1 chemicals like CO, CH4, CH3OH, and insights to their role in improving efficacy of photocatalysts.
关键词： Photocatalytic activity,Photocatalytic CO2 reduction,Solar fuels,Product Selectivity,Graphene based photocatalysts
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Synergistic Effect of the Electronic Structure and Defect Formation Enhances Photocatalytic Efficiency of Gallium Tin Oxide Nanocrystals
摘要： The design of photocatalysts with enhanced efficiency is pivotal to sustainable environmental remediation and renewable energy technologies. Simultaneous optimization of different factors affecting the performance of a photocatalyst, including the density of active surface sites, charge carrier separation, and valence and conduction band redox potentials, remains challenging. Here we report the synthesis of ternary gallium tin oxide (GTO) nanocrystals with variable composition, and investigate the role of Ga3+ dopants in altering the electronic structure of rutile-type SnO2 nanocrystal lattice using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies. Substitutional incorporation of Ga3+ increases the band gap of SnO2 nanocrystals, imparting the reducing power to the conduction band electrons, and causes the formation of acceptor states, which, in conjunction with electron trapping by donors (oxygen vacancies), leads to stabilization of the photoexcited carriers. Combination of a decrease in the charge recombination rate and adjustment of the conduction band reduction potential to more negative values synergistically promote the photocatalytic efficiency of the GTO nanocrystals. The apparent rate constant for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine-590 dye by optimally prepared GTO NCs is 0.39 min-1, more than two times greater than that by benchmark Aeroxide TiO2 P25 photocatalyst. The results of this work highlight the concept of using rational aliovalent doping of judiciously chosen metal oxide nanocrystal lattices to simultaneously manipulate multiple photocatalytic parameters, enabling the design of versatile and highly efficient photocatalysts.
关键词： photocatalysts,photocatalytic efficiency,nanocrystals,electronic structure,gallium tin oxide,defect formation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Nanohybrid and Nanoporous Materials for Aquatic Pollution Control || Nanohybrid Photocatalysts for Heavy Metal Pollutant Control
摘要： In this decade, the environmental problem, especially for the wastewater treatment issue, has become a widespread concern. In the meantime, heavy metal pollutants have also caused great attention owing to their recalcitrance persistence and the large discharge scale into the environment. Heavy metal is defined as the element with the atomic weights between 63.5 and 200.6. In our environment, some hazardous heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), etc. exist in the surface fresh water. Heavy metals tend to accumulate in the organism via the food chain and caused serious harm to the organism. Therefore, it is urgent for the worldwide researchers to find effective treatment strategies to remove heavy metal from wastewater.
关键词： Environmental Remediation,Photocatalysis,Wastewater Treatment,Nanohybrid Photocatalysts,Heavy Metal Pollutant Control
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A specifically-exposed cobalt oxide/carbon nitride 2D heterostructure for carbon dioxide photoreduction
摘要： Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 provides an opportunity to reach carbon neutrality, by which CO2 emissions from fuel consumption can be converted back to fuels. The challenge is to explore materials with high charge separation efficiency and effective CO2 adsorption capacity to boost the photoreduction of CO2. Here we report that 2D heterostructure comprised of Co3O4/2D g-C3N4 (COCN) can provide enhanced photocatalytic performance of reducing CO2 to CO, yielding a CO production rate of 419 μmol g-1 h-1 with selectivity of 89.4%, which is 13.5 and 2.6 times higher than that of pure 2D g-C3N4 and Co3O4. The enhanced photocatalytic performance arises from: (i) enhanced light absorption ability and charge separation efficiency originated from the unique 2D heterostructure connected through specifically-exposed facet interface and (ii) favorable CO2 adsorption capacity. The study may provide insight for the establishment of heterostructure-based photocatalytic system toward CO2 reduction.
关键词： g-C3N4,Co3O4,Composite photocatalysts,CO2 conversion
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14