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Bumpy Hollow Gold Nanospheres for Theranostic Application: Effect of Surface Morphology on Photothermal Conversion Efficiency
摘要： The combination of hollow core and rugose surface morphology is highly attractive for photoactive near-infrared (NIR) nanomaterials. Here, we present a facile pH modification to hollow gold nanosphere (HGN) synthesis to enable controlled tuning of the surface morphology from smooth to very bumpy. Unlike other methods, the synthetic protocol does not require harsh surfactants, secondary reducing agents, or organic solvents. The resultant bumpy HGNs (bHGNs) are highly monodisperse with little variation in protrusion length from particle to particle. Mechanistic studies suggest that surface rugosity is mainly controlled by the presence of free OH- ions in solution. We also present the first systematic investigation into the effect of surface morphology on the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of bumpy as well as smooth HGNs, with a maximum PCE reaching 99%. Although expected to have a higher scattering component, the bHGNs retain the excellent PCE of their smooth counterparts, which may be due to efficient reabsorption of scattered light.
关键词： surface plasmon resonance,photothermal conversion efficiency,heat generation,surface morphology,hollow gold nanospheres
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Thermocouple-tip-exposing temperature assessment technique for evaluating photothermal conversion efficiency of plasmonic nanoparticles at low laser power density
摘要： A new thermocouple (TC) tip-exposing temperature assessment technique that combines experimental temperature measurements with a numerical model of the photothermal conversion efficiency η is presented. The proposed technique is designed to evaluate η for a gold-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO-Au NP) solution (26 nm, 12–70 ppm) at low continuous wave laser power (103 mW, 532 nm) irradiation in a convenient manner under ambient conditions. The TC tip temperature is measured during the first 30 s of the laser exposure, and the results are combined with a finite element model to simulate the temperature rise of the NP solution for a given concentration. The value of η is adjusted in the model until the model agrees with the measured transient TC temperature rise. Values of η = 1.00 were observed for all concentrations. Theoretical predictions of η derived by Mie theory confirmed the near unity conversion efficiency of the as-synthesized SPIO-Au NPs. Advantages of the current technique include co-locating the TC tip in the geometric center of the laser-heated region, rather than outside of this region. In addition, the technique can be done under ambient room conditions using unmodified commercially available hardware.
关键词： finite element model,plasmonic nanoparticles,low laser power density,thermocouple,photothermal conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Quantifying the photothermal conversion efficiency of plasmonic nanoparticles by means of terahertz radiation
摘要： The accurate determination of the photothermal response of nanomaterials represents an essential aspect in many fields, such as nanomedicine. Specifically, photothermal cancer therapies rely on the precise knowledge of the light-to-heat transfer properties of plasmonic nanoparticles to achieve the desired temperature-induced effects in biological tissues. In this work, we present a novel method for the quantification of the photothermal effect exhibited by nanoparticles in aqueous dispersions. By combining the spatial and temporal thermal dynamics acquired at terahertz frequencies, the photothermal conversion efficiency associated with the geometry of the plasmonic nanoparticles can be retrieved in a noncontact and noninvasive manner. The proposed technique can be extended to the characterization of all those nanomaterials which feature a temperature-dependent variation of the refractive index in the terahertz regime.
关键词： terahertz radiation,plasmonic nanoparticles,photothermal conversion efficiency,nanomedicine,photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A Water-soluble, NIR-absorbing Quaterrylenediimide Chromophore for Photoacoustic Imaging and Efficient Photothermal Cancer Therapy
摘要： Precision phototheranostics, including photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, requires stable photothermal agents. Developing photothermal agents with high stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) remains a considerable challenge in biomedical applications. Herein, we introduce a new photothermal agent based on water-soluble quaterrylenediimide (QDI) that can self-assemble into nanoparticles (QDI-NPs) in aqueous solution. Incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the QDI core significantly enhances both physiological stability and biocompatibility of QDI-NPs. These highly photostable QDI-NPs exhibit exciting advantages including intense absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) and high PTCE of up to 64.7 ± 4%. This is higher than that of many other organic photothermal agents, such as graphene or commercial indocyanine green (ICG). Their small size of approximately 10 nm enables a sustained retention in deep tumor sites and at the same time proper clearance from the body. QDI-NPs allow high-resolution photoacoustic imaging and efficient 808 nm laser-triggered photothermal therapy of cancer in vivo. The current study opens a promising way for precision phototheranostics.
关键词： quaterrylenediimide,photoacoustic imaging,NIR-absorption,pharmacokinetics,photothermal conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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A Water-soluble, NIR-absorbing Quaterrylenediimide Chromophore for Photoacoustic Imaging and Efficient Photothermal Cancer Therapy
摘要： Precision phototheranostics, including photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, requires stable photothermal agents. Developing photothermal agents with high stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) remains a considerable challenge in biomedical applications. Herein, we introduce a new photothermal agent based on water-soluble quaterrylenediimide (QDI) that can self-assemble into nanoparticles (QDI-NPs) in aqueous solution. Incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the QDI core significantly enhances both physiological stability and biocompatibility of QDI-NPs. These highly photostable QDI-NPs exhibit exciting advantages including intense absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) and high PTCE of up to 64.7 ± 4%. This is higher than that of many other organic photothermal agents, such as graphene or commercial indocyanine green (ICG). Their small size of approximately 10 nm enables a sustained retention in deep tumor sites and at the same time proper clearance from the body. QDI-NPs allow high-resolution photoacoustic imaging and efficient 808 nm laser-triggered photothermal therapy of cancer in vivo. The current study opens a promising way for precision phototheranostics.
关键词： quaterrylenediimide,photoacoustic imaging,NIR-absorption,pharmacokinetics,photothermal conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46