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Optimal Operation of PV-DG-battery based Microgrid with Power Quality Conditioner
摘要： This paper presents an optimal control operation of a photovoltaic (PV)-battery based standalone microgrid, feeding nonlinear loads. To ensure continuous power supply to the critical loads during low insolation or low battery state of charge (SOC), a diesel generator (DG) is used as an auxiliary generator. This cost effective hybrid system with maximum utilization of the renewable as well as fossil fuel based generators, can be employed in hospitals, telecom stations in remote areas. In order to nullify the effect of nonlinear loads on the DG, modified enhanced phase locked loop (EPLL) based power quality conditioner is used. The characteristic equation of conventional EPLL is amplitude dependent, thus, the controller tuning parameters need to be modified if input signal varies over a large range. The presented controller overcomes this problem making the system more robust in eliminating noise & harmonics, and extracting fundamental component of given signal. This component is drawn from the DG with the help of voltage source converter, thus, making its current always distortion free. The proposed control scheme is simulated in MATLAB. Furthermore, experimental verification is done on a laboratory prototype of the same. The steady state and dynamic responses of the system validate its satisfactory performance.
关键词： EPLL,laboratory prototype,microgrid,power quality conditioner,battery,photovoltaic,nonlinear loads,MATLAB,diesel generator
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives and Power System (ICSEDPS) - Maharashtra State, India (2018.6.12-2018.6.13)] 2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives and Power System (ICSEDPS) - Synchronization of Solar Inverter with Power Grid
摘要： In solar panel inverter, we use to provide the power supply to the residential load using inverter and if our residential load does not require power supply then power is supplied to the power grid. If the grid voltage is 230V and the inverter supply is 300V then it means that we step down the inverter 300V supply voltage to the 230V, also the current and voltage are in phase with each other. The supply voltage from the solar panel is given to the DC to DC converter. Also the current and voltage from the solar panel is given as a gate signal to the converter through the MPPT. The supply voltage taken from the DC to DC converter is applied across the battery as well as across the residential AC load or to the power grid via PWM inverter. The inverter is utilized to change over direct present (DC) to alternating current (AC). Such a AC supply we can provide to the residential load as well as to the grid also, such a system we are designing using the MATLAB SIMULINK software.
关键词： Photovoltaic (PV) Cell,Pulse width modulation(PWM),Grid synchronization
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Model Predictive Control Via PV-Based VAR Scheme for Power Distribution Systems With Regular and Unexpected Abnormal Loads
摘要： This paper develops a model predictive controller (MPC) via photovoltaic (PV)-based volt-ampere reactive scheme to minimize the power loss and stabilize voltage ?uctuation when PV cells are connected to the power distribution line. The nominal power load data from California independent system operator is used to simulate dynamics of the system with DistFlow equations. Since power consumptions in fact may deviate from nominal values, an estimator is further developed to reconstruct the state variables and power loads from measurements. The integration of the MPC and estimator forms a closed-loop control framework and enables the system to quickly recover from undesired disturbances by effectively changing the real and reactive powers provided by PV cells. We use a bidirectional, single branch distribution circuit to demonstrate the performance of proposed scheme. The results show that our MPC indeed reduces power loss and keeps the voltage within a desired bound. Additionally, the estimator successfully detects and correctly estimates the abnormal change of power consumption and directs the MPC to compensate such unexpected power loads promptly.
关键词： Model predictive control (MPC),power distribution system,volt-ampere reactive (VAR) control,photovoltaic (PV)-cell
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) - Glasgow, United Kingdom (2018.9.4-2018.9.7)] 2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) - A Modified P&O-MPPT based on Pythagorean Theorem and CV-MPPT for PV Systems
摘要： Maximum power point tracking MPPT techniques are a crucial part in photovoltaic PV system design to maximise the output power of a PV array which depends on weather conditions. Although several techniques have been developed, Perturb and Observe P&O is widely used for MPPT due to its low cost and simple implementation. However, the main drawbacks of this method are a low converging time, high oscillation around the maximum power point, and drift problem associated with changing irradiance rapidly. In this paper, a modified P&O-MPPT based on Pythagorean theorem and constant voltage CV-MPPT is presented. To assess this modification, conventional and modified P&O methods are simulated by a MATLAB-SIMULINK. Simulation results demonstrate that the modified P&O-MPTT has a highly effective to solve the problem of conventional P&O-MPPT.
关键词： Perturb and Observe (P&O),constant voltage (CV),variable step size (VSS),photovoltaic (PV),Maximum power point tracking (MPPT),Power-Voltage curve
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Non-Fullerene Small Molecule Acceptors Containing Barbituric Acid End Groups for Use in High-performance OPVs
摘要： We synthesized two new bithiophene-based small molecules, TT-BBAR, and TT-OBAR, having butyl- and octyl-substituted barbituric acid (BAR) groups, respectively, via a well-known synthetic method, the Knoevenagel condensation, in high yield. These small molecules displayed solubilities and thermal stabilities sufficient for the fabricating organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) and were designed to have relatively low molecular orbital energy levels and act as non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) for use in OPVs upon introduction of electron-withdrawing BAR groups at both ends. For example, the LUMO and HOMO energy levels of TT-OBAR were ?3.79 and of ?5.84 eV, respectively, clearly lower than those of a polymer donor, PTB7-Th. Importantly, the small molecules featured an energy offset with PTB7-Th sufficient for achieving exciton dissociation. The optical and electrochemical properties of TT-BBAR and TT-OBAR did not depend on the alkyl chain length. Finally, OPV devices were fabricated in an inverted structure using a solvent process. The power conversion efficiency of TT-OBAR (1.34%) was found to be slightly higher than that of TT-BBAR (1.16%). The better performance and higher short-circuit current value of TT-OBAR could be explained based on a morphological AFM study, in which TT-OBAR displayed a more homogeneous morphology with a root-mean-square value of 1.18 nm compared to the morphology of TT-BBAR (11.7 nm) induced by increased alkyl chain length.
关键词： Barbituric acid,Organic photovoltaics,Organic photovoltaic cell,Non-fullerene acceptor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Peculiar Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Porphyrin-Fullerene Akamptisomers
摘要： Porphyrin-fullerene dyads are promising candidates for organic photovoltaic devices. Electron transfer (ET) properties of the molecular devices depend significantly on the mutual position of the donor and acceptor. Recently, a new type of molecular isomerism (akamptisomerism) has been discovered. In the present study, we explore how photoinduced ET can be modulated by passing from one akamptisomer to another. To this aim, four akamptisomers of quinoxalinoporphyrin–[60]fullerene complex are selected for the computational study. The most striking finding is that, depending on the isomer, the porphyrin unit in the dyad can act as either electron donor or electron acceptor. Thus, the stereoisomeric diversity allows one to change the direction of ET between the porphyrin and fullerene moieties. To understand the effect of akamptisomerism on the photoinduced ET processes a detailed analysis of initial and final states involved in the ET is performed. The computed rate for charge separation is estimated to be in the region of 1-10 ns-1. The formation of a long-living quinoxalinoporphyrin anion-radical species is predicted.
关键词： quinoxalinoporphyrin–[60]fullerene complex,Porphyrin-fullerene dyads,photoinduced electron transfer,organic photovoltaic devices,akamptisomerism
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A multiobjective approach for design of an off-grid PV/Diesel system considering reliability and cost
摘要： The aim of the present study is to solve multiobjective optimization (MO) of an off-grid hybrid power generation system including photovoltaic (PV) and diesel generator by multiobjective version of a recently developed metaheuristic approach named crow search algorithm (CSA). For this goal, the objective functions are regarded as net present cost (NPC) and system reliability defined by loss of power supply probability (LPSP) index. In the optimization problem, operating limitations of diesel generator and uncertainties of solar radiation and load demand are considered. To solve this problem, a multiobjective CSA (MO-CSA) is developed and the obtained results are compared with the results of nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). On the case study, simulation results reveals that when diesel generator ramp rate is 100%, at LPSP = 0, MO-CSA reaches to 54.8 kW and 172.8 m2 for rated power of diesel generator and PV surface area (corresponding cost is 3.7219 × 105 $), while the values found by NSGA-II are 55 kW and 86.04 m2 (corresponding cost is 3.7345 × 105 $). Based on the results, it can be drawn that (1) MO-CSA finds more promising results than NSGA-II, (2) Combination of PV and diesel generator leads to having a cost-effective and reliable power generation system, and (3) by considering the solar radiation and load uncertainties, the system cost increases.
关键词： crow search algorithm,hybrid photovoltaic/diesel system,multiobjective optimization
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives and Power System (ICSEDPS) - Maharashtra State, India (2018.6.12-2018.6.13)] 2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives and Power System (ICSEDPS) - Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter based PV-STATCOM
摘要： The environmental effect and need of energy have been increasing rapidly, due to this demand for renewable resources increased. One of the renewable resources Solar Photovoltaic (PV) energy is presently most popular in the environment. An inverter is a necessary part of grid-connected PV systems. This paper presents a new approach of large-scale photovoltaic solar farm inverter as STATCOM, known as PV-STATCOM, for regulation of voltage at the point of common coupling which recovers the voltage stability of the transmission line. Over daytime, the solar PV farm generates active power, but stay in idleness at the night-time. In this paper, PV-STATCOM incorporating multilevel inverter is presented. The voltage at the PCC is regulated at different loading conditions using PV-STATCOM. The entire system modeling and study are performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
关键词： STATCOM,photovoltaic(PV),cascaded H-Bridge (CHB),flexible AC transmission system (FACTS),Pulse width modulation (PWM),neutral point clamped (NPC)
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica - Cape Town, South Africa (2018.6.28-2018.6.29)] 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica - Design of Photo Voltaic (PV) Solar Power Plant to Supply Electricity and to Pump Water to Chele Community
摘要： Most people in Angola are still having problems with accessing electricity and water for daily basis. In Angola only 15% of villages are having electricity and water supply. Along the years the uses of non-renewable energies have been the most used and now they are becoming difficult to access. The challenge is to transmit electricity to village because of grid costs and long distances. Renewable energy sources are a good option because require complicated infrastructure nor a national grid. Chele is a village that is in Cabinda (Angola) and situated more than 100 Km away from Cabinda city. People of Chele community have been experiencing lack of water and electricity supply, and the villagers need to walk more than 8 Km to get water. The lack of electricity in this village is due to the fact that there is no closest national grid to supply electricity and to pump water. The paper reports on a project of providing affordable and sustained electricity and water supply to Chele community. The best way to implement this is to design stand-alone PV Solar Power Plant system to supply Electricity and Pump water to Chele community.
关键词： Motor pump,Design of Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Power Plant,PV Array
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Novel photo-voltaic device based on Bi1?xLaxFeO3 perovskite films with higher efficiency
摘要： Photovoltaic cells using polycrystalline La substituted bismuth iron oxide, Bi1?xLaxFeO3, (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4), films as the light harvesting component were investigated in this work. A novel cell set-up utilizing a double layered TiO2 film as top contact and a thin layer of quasi-solid polymer electrolyte as back contact was used and a significant enhancement in cell efficiency was observed for assemblies based on x ≥ 0.2 samples, coincident with a structural transition of Bi1?xLaxFeO3 from ferroelectric to non-ferroelectric. The power conversion efficiency of the PV device was 0.13% for the cell with x = 0.2 at 1 sun irradiation. The short circuit current density for this La composition was 0.35 mA cm?2. A hysteretic behaviour was observed for higher La compositions when the scanning is from open-circuit (OP) to short-circuit (SC) which may be attributed to polarization effects. The results at x ≥ 0.2 show an improved performance with respect to BiFeO3 based systems, suggesting the stabilization of the non-ferroelectric crystal structure leads either to a more efficient separation of photo-generated electron–hole pairs and/or enhanced charge transport. The findings represent a step towards the realisation of facile to fabricate, inorganic solid state photovoltaic devices.
关键词： ferroelectric,Photovoltaic cells,power conversion efficiency,quasi-solid polymer electrolyte,Bi1?xLaxFeO3,non-ferroelectric,TiO2
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36