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Analysis on inverter selection for domestic rooftop solar photovoltaic system deployment
摘要： Partial shading is a common occurrence in residential and commercial photovoltaic (PV) installations. It causes mismatch losses, particularly in string and central inverter-based systems, leading to output power loss and in turn lower performance ratio under partial shading conditions. The choice of string configuration itself is critical in lowering mismatch losses and the levelized energy cost. While a range of commercial inverters with different string configurations and prices are available, many standard string topologies are not optimum for common settings under various shading scenarios. Therefore, in this article, we evaluate various string configurations attached to state-of-the-art commercial inverters widely used in the industry from both mismatch loss and cost perspective. We quantify the impact of various shading scenarios on multiple inverter configurations to ascertain the relative performance of PV systems under symmetrical shading as well as random shading in field settings. For multiple PV system configurations (on a single rooftop), the mismatch loss varied up to 2.3% and 6% under symmetrical shading and field settings, respectively. The levelized cost of electricity also varies from 0.062$/kWh to 0.041 $/kWh and is dependent on the type of inverter and string configurations.
关键词： grid tied system,mismatch losses,photovoltaic system,system configuration,partial shading
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Numerical simulation analysis of the impact of photovoltaic systems and energy storage technologies on centralised generation: a case study for Australia
摘要： In response to climate change concerns, most of the industrialised countries have committed in recent years to increase their share of Renewable Energy Sources to reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions. Therefore, the rapid deployment of small-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems, mainly in residential applications, is starting to represent a considerable portion of the available electrical power generation and, for this reason, the stochastic and intermittent nature of these systems are affecting the operation of centralised generation (CG) resources. Network operators are constantly changing their approach to both short-term and long-term forecasting activities due to the higher complexity of the scenario in which more and more stakeholders have active roles in the network. An increasing number of customers must be treated as prosumers and no longer only as consumers. In this context, storage technologies are considered the suitable solution. These can be necessary in order to solve and fill the problems of the renewable distributed sources are introducing in the management of the network infrastructure. The aim of this work was to create a model in order to evaluate the impact of power generation considering PV systems in Australia along with a model to simulate Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and Electric Vehicles future contributions using MATLAB. The methodology used to develop these models was based on statistical assumptions concerning the available details about PV systems installed and current storage technologies. It has been shown that in all the scenarios analysed, the future adoption of rooftop PV panels and impact on the CG is incredibly higher than the uptake of energy storage systems. Hence, the influence on the demand will be driven by the behaviour of the PV systems. Only in the hypothetical scenario in which the installations of BESSs will assume comparable levels of the PV systems, it will be possible to better manage the centralised resources.
关键词： Distributed generation (DG),Photovoltaic system (PV),Electric vehicles (EVs),Battery energy storage system (BESS),Centralised generation (CG)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Online extraction of physical parameters of photovoltaic modules in a building-integrated photovoltaic system
摘要： Building-integrated photovoltaic systems are solar photovoltaic modules that are used to replace traditional building construction materials to generate electrical energy. Photovoltaic modules are generally installed on the roofs or facades of buildings and cannot be monitored by conventional methods. This work presents a new online technique for analysing the current-voltage characteristics of photovoltaic modules installed on the facades of building-integrated photovoltaic systems. The proposed method, which is based on the modi?ed double-diode model, can extract six physical parameters of the photovoltaic module that rely on the current and voltage at the short-circuit and open-circuit points and at the maximum power point. Unlike the approaches from existing studies, the method proposed in this paper requires only the current at the maximum power point. By measuring the solar irradiance, wind speed and average temperature of the photovoltaic module, the current and voltage at the short-circuit and open-circuit points can be calculated. To study the accuracy of the proposed models, the absolute error and root mean square error of individual photovoltaic modules are examined. The results indicate that the minimum absolute error of the current appears near the maximum power point. Moreover, the proposed simulation of the current-voltage characteristic curves achieves a lower root mean square error value and exhibits a better ability to represent the current-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic modules. In addition, methods are used to extract the six parameters of the photovoltaic module, which operates in the building-integrated photovoltaic system. The experimental results show that the prediction of the current-voltage characteristic curves achieves the lowest root mean square error values at the short-circuit and open-circuit points and at the maximum power point. Furthermore, regardless of whether operating in the building-integrated photovoltaic system, the six parameters of the photovoltaic modules with the same initial characteristics extracted via the proposed methods have similar numerical ranges under standard test conditions. Based on these conclusions, the six parameters based on the modi?ed double-diode model are useful and practical for the simulation and evaluation of the current-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic module in the building-integrated photovoltaic system.
关键词： Photovoltaic module,Physical parameters,Online extraction,Building-integrated photovoltaic system,Modi?ed double-diode model
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Numerical study on the uniformity of reflective high concentration photovoltaic system with two-stage reflective concentrator
摘要： In a re?ective high concentration photovoltaic (RHCPV) system, density-uniformity of solar energy ?ux irradiates upon receiver surface can directly a?ect solar cell’s photoelectric conversion e?ciency. Uneven high intensity irradiation will also introduce “hot spots” which cause damages to GaAs solar cells. This paper presents a two-stage re?ective mirror-type concentrator to achieve the uniformity of energy ?ux on receiver. A computation software, TRACEPRO, is used to model and numerically simulate the two-stage re?ective mirror-type concentrator. Simulation results show that a ?ux uniformity of greater than 99.5% and e?ective area ratio for the photoelectric conversion of 77.0% can be achieved. The impacts of theoretical concentration ratio to the effective area for photoelectric conversion, maximum irradiance, average irradiance, and focal length are evaluated. At constant concentration ratio, the e?ective area for photoelectric conversion, the maximum irradiance, and the average irradiance are not a?ected by the focal length of PR. When the ratio of ?ux (light beams collected by the receiver) and emitted ?ux (incident light beams) is constant, the relationships of the maximum and average irradiance and the theoretical concentration ratio are linear, and the e?ective area for photoelectric conversion is also not a?ected by the theoretical concentration ratio. Meanwhile, a microchannel radiator is designed and studied, and GaAs solar cell surface temperature decrease with the increase of ?ow rate in microchannel.
关键词： Uniformity,High concentration photovoltaic system,TRACEPRO,Two-stage re?ective concentrator
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) - Edmonton, AB, Canada (2019.5.5-2019.5.8)] 2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) - A Novel Control Methodology for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems Utilizing Maximum Power Point Tracking
摘要： This paper introduces an innovative Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique to extract maximum available power from a Photovoltaic (PV) system irrespective of temperature, solar irradiation and load anomalies. A single-stage DC-DC buck converter that extracts maximum power from the connected PV module and controls the output battery state of charge (SoC) is a key component in achieving this target. The introduced circuit consists of three subsystems: a PV module, a Buck converter and an MPPT plus voltage regulation controller. MPPT is achieved via a novel methodology, not only applies to maximum energy extraction of the PV module but also combined with a feedback optimization of the battery charging and discharging modes. The developed system is geared towards Internet of Things (IoT) based wireless sensor nodes (WSN). In the proposed solution, power harvested from the PV module is combined with the battery power; to guarantee that the connected load receives a full supply of power. To maximize the energy conversion a converter controlled MPPT algorithm - Perturb and Observe (P&O) which considers the non-linear output of the PV is utilized with the aid of the buck converter. The validity of the introduced system is tested using the simulation model in PSIM and the results are presented and discussed.
关键词： Photovoltaic System,MPPT,Buck Converter,Perturb and Observe
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) - Harbin, China (2019.8.11-2019.8.14)] 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) - Power Forecasting of Photovoltaic Generation Based on Multiple Linear Regression Method with Real-time Correction Term
摘要： This paper proposes a photovoltaic power generation forecasting model which improves Multiple Linear Regression method (MLRM) with real-time correction term traditional day-ahead, hourly power (RCT). Firstly, a generation prediction model is developed by MLRM based on qualitative variables (hour, month, weather type), quantitative variable (solar radiation intensity) and physical characteristics of interactions between the variables. Secondly, an improved is presented which adds a model named MLRM+RCT correction term based on shorter real-time measured power data to MLRM to reduce the hourly prediction errors of MLRM. MLRM+RCT is tested based on power generation data released by IEEE Energy Forecasting Group in 2014. The results show that the performance of MLRM+RCT is better than that of MLRM and a benchmark method called exponential smoothing method.
关键词： Photovoltaic system,real-time correction term,Multiple Linear Regression method,short-term forecasting
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - Brasov, Romania (2019.11.3-2019.11.6)] 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - An Optimized Decentralized Control Strategy of Grid-Connected Residential Photovoltaic Inverters Based on Voltage Sensitivity Matrix
摘要： Due to the mismatch between the residential electrical load and the output power of the rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, node voltages in a low voltage distribution network (LVDN) may exceed the allowable upper limit during the daytime and drop far below the lower limit at night. Existing LVDN voltage regulation methods based on reactive power control of the rooftop PV inverter usually regulate all the inverters using the same control strategy with identical control parameters, although PV inverters at different nodes have different voltage sensitivities to active and reactive power flows. In this paper, an optimized decentralized control strategy of residential PV inverters based on voltage sensitivity matrix is proposed, and different control parameters would be determined and applied to each PV inverters at different LVDN nodes. The proposed strategy provides an optimal control framework for the rooftop PV inverters to maintain voltage within the normal range under varying active power generated by the PV systems, and simulation results verify that the total reactive power output of the PV inverters can be effectively reduced.
关键词： distribution network,residential photovoltaic system,grid-connected inverters,voltage Sensitivity,Decentralized control
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Wireless Sliding MPPT Control of Photovoltaic Systems in Distributed Generation Systems
摘要： The aim of a photovoltaic (PV) system’s control is the extraction of the maximum power even if the irradiance, the temperature, or the parameters vary. To do that, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is required. In this work, a sliding control is designed to regulate the PV modules’ output voltage and make the panel work at the maximum power voltage. This control is selected to improve the robustness, the transient dynamic response, and the time response of the system under changeable environmental conditions, adjusting the duty cycle of the DC/DC converter. The DC/DC converter connected to the PV module output is a buck-boost converter. This configuration presents the advantage of providing voltages lower or higher than supplied by the photovoltaic modules to provide the required voltage to the load (including the voltages ceded by telecommunication loads, amongst others). In addition, a remote sliding control is developed to make the global supervision of the PV system in distributed generation grids. The designed algorithm is tested in an experimental platform, both locally and remotely connected to the base station, to prove the effectiveness of the sliding control. Thus, the communication effect in the control is also analyzed.
关键词： maximum power point tracking (MPPT),sliding mode control,photovoltaic system,wireless communication
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Reduction of electrical power loss in a photovoltaic chain in conditions of partial shading
摘要： The paper presents the problem of losses of electrical power in photovoltaic chains during partial shading. Photovoltaic modules work best when the illumination is uniform over the entire light-sensitive surface. If a part of this surface is illuminated to a lesser extent, it often ceases to be a part of the electricity generator, but constitutes a resistance. To minimize this phenomenon, PV modules use bypass diodes, e.g. covering several dozen cells in a photovoltaic chain. In addition, parts of the photovoltaic module surface with lower exposure to sunlight may be additionally illuminated with a mirror positioned to reflect light. The analysis uses a photovoltaic chain model implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The model describes the processes of electrical power generation in photovoltaic modules. The model corresponds to a laboratory photovoltaic system located in AGH in Cracow. In the presented model, each individual part may be illuminated with different light intensity. The light incident on the cells is a direct sunlight or light reflected from the mirror. The model allows for the analysis of the electrical power generated depending on the light profile of the photovoltaic system. The results of the model analysis may be applied in optimization of the PV modules’ configuration.
关键词： Partial shading,Modelling,Photovoltaic system,Sunlight reflection,Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Forecasting the Performance of a Photovoltaic Solar System Installed in other Locations using Artificial Neural Networks
摘要： Photovoltaic solar energy has been spread all over the world, and in Brazil this energy source has been getting considerable space in the last years, being driven mainly by the energy crises. However, when installed in regions with low incidence of solar irradiation, this technology presents a loss of efficiency in the generation of energy. As an alternative to this consideration, a power prediction study could be conducted prior to its installation, based on local climate information that directly influences power generation, verifying the feasibility of system implementation and avoiding unrewarded investment. Therefore, the objective of this work is to predict the viability of the installation of a photovoltaic system of 3kWp in different places, with the assist of an Artificial Neural Network. Thus, the feedforward network was used for the training, being trained and validated with the support of MatlabVR , and inserting samples of temperature and solar irradiation as input variables. Through the performance methods, the results are favorable for this application, presenting validations with RMSE% in the range of 13-20% and R of not less than 0.93. The predictions presented RMSE% around 19-25% and average powers close to the real values generated by the PV system.
关键词： solar irradiation,renewable energy,electrical systems,energy efficiency,power forecasting,feedforward,artificial neural network,root mean square error,solar photovoltaic system,distributed generation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59