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Testing guidelines for connection of solar photovoltaic farm to distribution grid: The Malaysian experience
摘要： Solar photovoltaic technology is intermittent in nature and employs power converters for grid-interconnection, which can bring stability and power quality (PQ) issues to the power grid. Therefore, a set of testing guidelines is required to assure that solar plants comply with the grid and inverter requirements. As such, this article presents comprehensive testing guidelines for the interconnection of solar systems into Malaysian power grid, including inverter and PQ tests. The test points, conditions, parameters and acceptable limits for both tests are discussed in detail. This article also presents the results of a case study in which the testing guidelines were applied to examine the PQ of an actual grid-connected solar photovoltaic plant in Malaysia and to assess the performance of the smart inverter used in the tested solar system. The testing outcomes, which were recorded by a PQ analyser, showed that the tested solar system was in compliance with all the requirements stipulated in the testing guidelines. The findings presented in this article will help relevant parties to understand these solar testing guidelines and serve to promote the wide deployment of solar technology towards a clean and sustainable future.
关键词： testing guidelines,photovoltaic systems,power quality,renewable energy sources,inverters
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Control Strategy of Intergrated Photovoltaic-UPQC System for DC-Bus Voltage Stability and Voltage Sags Compensation
摘要： Power quality problem, because of its various forms and occurrence frequency, has become one of the most critical challenges confronted by a power system. Meanwhile, the development of renewable energy has led to more demands for an integrated system that combines both merits of sustainable energy generation and power quality improvement. In this context, this paper discusses an integrated photovoltaic-uni?ed power quality conditioner (PV-UPQC) and its control strategy. The system is composed of a series compensator, shunt compensator, dc-bus, and photovoltaic array, which conducts an integration of photovoltaic generation and power quality mitigation. The fuzzy adaptive PI controller and the improved Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique are proposed to enhance the stability of dc-bus voltage, which is aimed at the power balance and steady operation of the whole system. Additionally, the coordinate control strategy is studied in order to ensure the normal operation and compensation performance of the system under severe voltage sag condition. In comparison to the existing PV-UPQC system, the proposed control method could improve the performance of dc-bus stability and the compensation ability. The dynamic behavior of the integrated system were veri?ed by simulation in MATLAB and PLECS. Selected results are reported to show that the dc-bus voltage was stable and increased under severe situations, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed integrated PV-UPQC system and its control strategy.
关键词： voltage sag,coordination control,power quality,fuzzy adaptive control,solar photovoltaic,uni?ed power quality conditioner
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Fixed- and variable-frequency sliding mode controller–maximum power point tracking converter for two-stage grid-integrated photovoltaic system employing nonlinear loads with power quality improvement features
摘要： This article presents a reliable and efficient photovoltaic sliding mode voltage-controlled maximum power point tracking DC-DC converter–active power filter integration system to supply real power to grid. This integrated active power filter system performs power quality enhancement features to compensate current harmonics to make distortion-free grid supply current and reactive power employing nonlinear loads. The proposed proportional–integral–derivative–based sliding mode controller is designed with fixed-frequency pulse-width modulation based on equivalent control approach. The main objective of this paper is to design a photovoltaic system with a new sliding surface to force the photovoltaic voltage to follow the reference maximum power point voltage with the alleviation of slow transient response and disadvantages of chattering effects of variable-frequency hysteresis modulation sliding mode controller–maximum power point tracking. The perturbations caused by the uncertainties in climatic conditions and converter output bulk oscillations during grid integration are also mitigated. The features of the proposed photovoltaic–active power filter integration system are confirmed at different operating conditions through PSIM simulation software, and its performance is also compared with a conventional variable-frequency sliding mode-controlled maximum power point tracking. The obtained simulation and experimental results give good dynamic response under various operating conditions of environmental and local load conditions.
关键词： sliding mode controller,pulse-width modulation,photovoltaic,power quality,active power filter,Maximum power point tracking,high step-up DC-DC converter
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Circuit Model of LED Light Bulb suitable for typical voltage THD on LV distribution networks
摘要： In lighting system design, the LED light bulb technology is gaining more and more advantages in comparison to other previous solutions. On the other hand, the designers of lighting systems have to face the specific problems created by this technology in terms of deterioration of the power quality on the mains. The knowledge of lamp electrical models is a key point for the optimal design of the lighting systems but such models are not provided by the manufactures. Moreover, the voltage on the mains may vary along the day due to the load fluctuation as well as due to the variation of the power generated by distributed renewable resources. Consequently, suitable electrical models have to be able at emulating the lamp behavior according to the voltage variability. The paper proposes an equivalent electrical circuit of LED light bulb. The components of the model are identified by means of simple electrical measurements. In particular, the circuit enables to emulate the current waveform in the case of network voltage variability. The validation has highlighted that the simulated currents waveforms have a good matching with the experimental data obtained in presence of distorted voltage on the mains (provided that the voltage THD is compliant with IEEE-Std-519). The validation has been performed also at voltage values different from the ones used for the components identification.
关键词： Current harmonics,power conversion,optimal design,modelling,power quality,lighting,equivalent circuits
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Design, development, and implementation of grid-connected solar photovoltaic power conversion system
摘要： In this paper, a detailed documentation revealing the design, development, and implementation aspects of grid-connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) power conversion system is presented. Since the inverter is considered as a key constituent of an SPV system, a laboratory developed three-phase four-legged (3P4L) inverter is employed to diminish the overall cost of the SPV system considerably. The multifunctional inverter controlled SPV system proposed in this work not only injects active power into the electric grid, but it also serves as an active power filter (APF) to provide various power quality (PQ) solutions. This typically includes source current harmonic attenuation, load reactive current mitigation, neutral current elimination, source current balancing, in addition to ensure unity power factor operation. A various hardware circuits including signal sensing circuit, signal conditioning circuit, pulse amplification and isolation circuit, and blanking circuit are fabricated and assembled to develop a complete laboratory prototype model. In addition, the voltage and current controllers, the synchronize reference frame theory (SRFT)-based approach, and the phase-locked loop (PLL) control algorithms are embedded in dSPACE 1104 control platform. Furthermore, an STM32F407VGT microcontroller is employed to implement the incremental conductance based maximum power point (MPP) tracking algorithm. The effectiveness of the developed SPV system is first simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software. In the second step, the efficacy of the proposed configuration is investigated under balanced and unbalanced nonlinear loads on a laboratory developed prototype.
关键词： three-phase four-legged (3P4L) inverter,active power filter (APF),power quality (PQ) solutions,Grid-connected SPV system,multifunctional inverter,DS1104 DSP of dSPACE
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Baltimore, MD, USA (2019.9.29-2019.10.3)] 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Interharmonics Reduction in Photovoltaic Systems with Random Sampling MPPT Technique
摘要： An increasing penetration level of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems raises a concern regarding power quality problem, in particularly, interharmonics. According to previous research, the perturbation from the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is one of the main root-cause of interharmonic emission in PV systems. In general, the interharmonic characteristics are strongly dependent on the sampling rate of the MPPT algorithm. A slow sampling rate of the MPPT algorithm can minimize the interharmonic emission but it results in poor tracking performance of the MPPT algorithm. Thus, there is a trade-off between the interharmonic emission and the MPPT efficiency when selecting the MPPT sampling rate. To overcome this problem, a new MPPT technique implemented with a random sampling rate is proposed in this paper. The proposed method randomly selects the MPPT algorithm sampling rate during each perturbation. This method is simple to be implemented but results in a significant reduction in the interharmonics of the output current and, at the same time, a high MPPT efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated experimentally with a single-phase grid-connected PV system. Moreover, the effect of interharmonic cancellation when implementing the proposed random sampling MPPT technique with parallel-connected PV inverters has also been demonstrated.
关键词： inverters,interharmonics,maximum power point tracking (MPPT),power quality,Photovoltaic (PV) systems
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Variable Frequency Control of a Photovoltaic Boost Converter System with Power Quality Indexes Based on Dynamic Phasors
摘要： Dynamic phasors modeling technique has demonstrated to be a good methodology for modeling oscillatory dynamic systems such as electric machines, power electronics and FACTS. Its main advantages are accuracy and fast simulation. However, something that has not been much exploited, is that Fourier coefficients can be used to compute the voltage module at some specific frequency for example, and with this extra information design new control algorithms to improve the behavior of the system. In this work, an extended model of a PV-boost converter system is developed, considering the main harmonics of the system that appear for a wide range of operation. Then, with this extra information contained in the harmonics, two new approaches are proposed: 1) Design of a variable frequency control of the boost converter to improve the quality of the output voltage under irradiation and load changes, and 2) Definition of power quality indexes for monitoring oscillatory behavior. Simulation results demonstrate the proposal effectiveness, establishing the mathematical basis and analyzing the dynamics of a 12.8 kWp photovoltaic system under different scenarios of operation.
关键词： variable frequency control,Dynamic phasors modelling,PI controllers,photovoltaic boost converter,power quality indexes
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Kalman filter variant intelligent control for power quality improvement in photovoltaic active power filter system
摘要： The increased usage of nonlinear loads in the distribution system network with deep integration of renewable energy sources imposes the need for advanced control to improve power quality. With the objective to attain desired sinusoidal voltage waveshape at the common utility point, unity power factor operation, and reduction in harmonics, a swarm intelligent enhanced dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) control technique for improving the performance of shunt active power filter (SAPF) is proposed in this paper. A photovoltaic (PV) array is integrated at the DC‐bus which supplies the required load power thus reducing the grid power demand. A single sensor‐based control is used to track the maximum power from the two‐stage PV array. The enhancement of the SAPF performance requires proper tuning of parameters; constriction factor‐based particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted in this regard. The DEKF estimates both state and parameter from the nonlinear system for generating a reference signal. The performance of the proposed control algorithm is compared with the Extended Kalman filter (EKF)‐based PV‐SAPF system using MATLAB/Simulink. To verify the efficacy of the controller, an experimental PV‐SAPF prototype is developed in the laboratory and tested under balanced and unbalanced supply, dynamic load as well as varying irradiance conditions.
关键词： maximum power tracking,dual extended Kalman filter,particle swarm optimization,shunt active power filter,power quality,solar photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Intelligent approach-based hybrid control algorithm for integration of solar photovoltaic system in smart grid environment
摘要： Integration of solar PV as a distributed generator (DG) require efficient and coordinated control measures for the proper synchronization. In this paper, a hybrid control algorithm for single stage solar photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with low voltage (LV)/medium voltage (MV) grid is proposed. The hybrid algorithm utilizes I cos ? technique and quasi-Newton back-propagation (QNBP) neural network (NN). The main contributions of the present work are: i) support the utility grid by feeding power and connected loads, ii) provide harmonics elimination, reactive power compensation, load balancing, iii) also works in power factor correction (PFC) and zero voltage regulation modes, iv) provides power quality improvement. The proposed control of grid tied PV system provides very fast response during static and dynamic conditions. The obtained results are compared with other well-established algorithms available in the literature. The comparison of the proposed algorithm is done on the basis of various parameters such as DC voltage undershoot and overshoot, settling time and THD in grid currents. The developed system is demonstrated in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. Using the proposed algorithms there is significant improvement of 1.1% in total harmonic distortion (THD) of source current. The results of proposed controllers are experimentally validated on a developed laboratory protype.
关键词： hybrid control algorithm,power quality improvement,quasi-Newton back-propagation neural network,smart grid,solar photovoltaic system
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Paris (2018.7.8-2018.7.13)] 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - ANIST Testbed for Examining the Accuracy of Smart Meters Under High Harmonic Waveform Loads
摘要： Household and industrial electrical energy measurements are advancing into a Smart Grid stage, using solid-state watt-hour meters, called smart meters. As electrical products are also becoming more based on solid-state designs, such as LED lighting and dimmers, electrical loads are not purely resistive, but contain voltage and current spikes. This paper describes a testbed laboratory that will attempt to model LED household lighting loads, and correlate the energy measurements for changes in accuracy by various kinds of smart meters under unusual loads.
关键词： power quality,smart watthour meters,power system harmonics,watthour meters,smart grid,power system measurements
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36