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Silicon ring resonator electro-optical modulator utilizing epsilon-near-zero characteristics of indium tin oxide
摘要： One crucial component in optical communication systems is the optical modulator. It links between the electric and optical domains as it transforms the electric signal into an optical stream. Electro-optical modulation is a very popular scheme. Recently, indium tin oxide (ITO) has been intensively used in optical modulators due to its epsilon-near-zero characteristics. A silicon electro-optic ring resonator modulator is proposed in terms of the outspread application of ITO. An extinction ratio of about 14 dB as well as an insertion loss of 0.075 dB are achieved at a standard telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 microns. The design has low losses, high efficiency, and compact size.
关键词： silicon nanophotonics,ring resonators,indium tin oxide,electro-optical modulators,integrated photonics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A novel wideband bandpass filter based on CSRRa??loaded substrate integrated folded waveguide
摘要： A novel wideband bandpass filter based on folded substrate integrated waveguide (FSIW) is presented in the article. Five square complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) are etched in the middle layer of the FSIW. By adjusting the physical size of the CSRR structure, the resonant frequency of the CSRRs can be tuned at the same time and the stopband performance can be changed. As transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode can be transmitted in the stripline, FSIW excited by stripline shows wider passband than that excited by microstrip line directly. To achieve perfect impedance matching, two microstrip lines to stripline transitions are added in two ports of the filter. The proposed bandpass filter exhibits compact size, high selectivity, good stopband rejection, lower radiation loss, and wideband performances. The measured results show that the fractional bandwidth of the filter is about 35.5%. The measured return loss is better than 15 dB from 4.84 GHz to 6.90 GHz, and the insertion loss is less than 1.2 dB. The comparison between the simulated results and the measured ones validate the possibility of the technology that combines the FSIW and CSRR.
关键词： radiation loss,compact size,folded substrate integrated waveguide,bandpass filter,complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Permanent Optimization of Large-FSR Dual-Microring Bandpass Filters
摘要： Energy-ef?cient communication links are crucial for future processors and optoelectronic microchips in order to continue growths in computing and information technologies [1]. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) techniques based on silicon photonic circuits are ideal for high bandwidths data communication systems with small footprints [2,3]. Compact double ring resonators (DRRs) provide excellent properties to realize spectral ?lters with ?at-top transmission characteristics, providing a steep roll-off with low channel crosstalk at dense frequency grids. Hence, cascaded DRRs as illustrated in Fig. 1 (a) are well-suited for integrated WDM systems on optoelectronic microchips. The high refractive index of silicon facilitates small ring perimeters and the wide free spectral range (FSR ∝ 1 Lr ) enables multiplexing tens of data channels to a common bus waveguide. The high energy-ef?ciency which is enhanced by the strong thermo-optic effect (TOE) combined with the short physical lengths is another relevant advantage of the compact size. However, manufacturing variability and associated photonic component deviations remain a serious drawback [4]. Hence, most recent works use thermal heaters for the dynamic ?lter control as well as to counterbalance inevitable manufacturing deviations [5-7]. In this work, we present multilayer compatible 5 and 10μm radius DRR ?lters based on microrings manufactured with deposited amorphous silicon [8]. We demonstrate a permanent correction of manufacturing variations and optimize the spectral properties of DRR ?lters. Such fabrication imperfections which may arise more frequently in multilayer circuits are exempli?ed in Fig. 1 (a) where widths (Δw), heights (Δh), and refractive index (Δn) variations are implemented to one microring; even lowest deviations substantially degrade the ?lter response. A DRR measurement with undesired drop port splitting which was corrected through the SiO2 top cladding by 405 nm laser-trimming one of the rings is shown in Fig. 1 (b); the intermediate trimming spectra are provided in order to guide the eye. The possibility to permanently align ?lters to a given wavelength channel is presented in Fig. 1 (c). In this experiment both 5 μm radius racetracks were alternately trimmed to shorter wavelengths, without degrading the spectrum or the ?lter bandwidths. In summary, several compact DRR ?lters with multiplexers up to 8-channels suitable for multilayer integration at the CMOS back-end-of-line with start-of-art performance were successfully fabricated and tested. Malfunctioning components were identi?ed and optimized on micron-scales by a post-fabrication trimming method. The proposed correction method for DRR multiplexers allows adjusting ?lters to a prespeci?ed wavelength channel and enables more generalized concepts which do not require a thermal heater for each ring thereby mitigating detrimental thermal crosstalk and lowering the overall energy consumption.
关键词： manufacturing variability,Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM),spectral ?lters,double ring resonators (DRRs),silicon photonic circuits,thermal heaters,Energy-ef?cient communication links,laser-trimming,amorphous silicon,CMOS back-end-of-line
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Overview on Monolithically Integrated Arrays of Microtubular Vertical Resonators on Photonic Waveguides for Optofluidic Applications
摘要： A novel platform for optofluidic applications is realized by monolithic integration of an array of ultra-compact three-dimensional (3D) vertically rolled-up microtube ring resonators (VRU-MRRs) with polymer waveguides. The on-chip integrated system is realized by rolling up 2D differentially strained TiO2 nanomembranes into 3D microtubular cavities on a nanophotonic chip. Whispering-gallery modes are observed in the telecom wavelength range, and their spectral peak positions shift significantly when measurements are performed while immersing the tubes or filling their hollow cores with water. The achievement of this work opens up fascinating opportunities to realize massively parallel optofluidic microsystems with exceptional multi-functionality for analysis of biomaterials in lab-in-a-tube systems on a single chip.
关键词： monolithic integration,optofluidic,array of ultra-compact optical sensors,vertically rolled-up microtube ring resonators,3D microcavities
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2019.7.8-2019.7.12)] 2019 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD) - Directed Logic WDM-Based Scalable Optical Decoder Using Micro-Ring Resonators
摘要： A novel design for an optical decoder is demonstrated in which by using the Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) property of the micro-ring resonators, we greatly simplify the design and achieve scalability to produce N-bit decoders. We designed the decoder logic using directed logic. Directed logic takes the full advantage of integrated photonics and electronics and has received lots of investigation since its introduction. The feasibility of the proposed decoder is verified through simulation.
关键词： optical decoder,Wavelength-Division Multiplexing,scalability,directed logic,micro-ring resonators
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Vertically Coupled Plasmonic Racetrack Ring Resonator for Biosensor Applications
摘要： Plasmonic chemical and biological sensors offer significant advantages such as really compact sizes and extremely high sensitivity. Biosensors based on plasmonic waveguides and resonators are some of the most attractive candidates for mobile and wearable devices. However, high losses in the metal and complicated schemes for practical implementation make it challenging to find the optimal configuration of a compact plasmon biosensor. Here, we propose a novel plasmonic refractive index sensor based on a metal strip waveguide placed under a waveguide-based racetrack ring resonator made of the same metal. This scheme guarantees effective coupling between the waveguide and resonator and low loss light transmittance through the long-range waveguide. The proposed device can be easily fabricated (e.g., using optical lithography) and integrated with materials like graphene oxide for providing adsorption of the biomolecules on the sensitive part of the optical elements. To analyze the properties of the designed sensing system, we performed numerical simulations along with some analytical estimations. There is one other interesting general feature of this sensing scheme that is worth pointing out before looking at its details. The sensitivity of the considered device can be significantly increased by surrounding the resonator with media of slightly different refractive indices, which allows sensitivity to reach a value of more than 1 μm per refractive index unit.
关键词： biosensors,metal-strip waveguides,plasmonic ring resonators
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA) - Granada, Spain (2019.9.9-2019.9.13)] 2019 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA) - Design of fully-planar CSRR-based substrate integrated waveguide circuits
摘要： We present here a fully planar, low-cost and easy to fabricate power divider and a slot array antenna operating at 5G communication bands, based on a new version of the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The proposed SIW is synthesized by replacing each via row, with two rows of broadside-coupled complementary split ring resonators (BC-CSRRs), etched on the top and bottom metal ground surfaces of the dielectric substrate. Such resonators provide a negative effective permittivity and are capable of perfectly confining the wave within the propagating channel. The proposed waveguide exhibits excellent propagation characteristics, with losses close to those of the conventional SIW, providing a highly promising platform to implement low-cost planar components for 5G applications.
关键词： 5G,power dividers,complementary broadside-coupled split ring resonators,substrate integrated waveguide,slot antennas
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Athermalization of a self-assembled rolled-up TiO2 microtube ring resonator through incorporation of a positive thermo-optic coefficient material in planar bilayers
摘要： For the first time, this paper theoretically and experimentally investigates the thermal stability of optical filters based on self-assembled TiO2 rolled-up microtube ring resonators (RUMRs) by incorporating positive thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) materials (e.g., SiO2 and/or Si3N4). The influence of the TOC, refractive index, and thickness of the positive TOC materials on the filtering performance of the TiO2 RUMR is theoretically studied. The results illustrate that an increase in temperature leads to a blueshift in the resonant wavelength of the RUMR-based optical filter, which changes at a rate of ? 33.3 pm/K owing to the negative TOC of TiO2 (? 4.9 ± 0.5 × 10?5/K). By increasing the thickness of SiO2 or Si3N4 as a positive TOC material together with TiO2, the temperature-induced resonant shifts of TiO2/SiO2 and/or TiO2/Si3N4 RUMRs are theoretically obtained. The TIRS varies between ? 40 pm/K (? 22 pm/K) and about 30 pm/K (22 pm/K) for TiO2/SiO2 (TiO2/Si3N4) RUMRs. It is shown that thermal stability occurs when the thickness of the SiO2 (Si3N4) layer is ~ 16 nm (12 nm). At the end of this study, as a proof of concept, an experiment is demonstrated by fabricating an RUMR based on TiO2/SiO2 on the flat silicon wafer. The experimental results show that the athermalization of the system is experimentally achieved by selecting the appricated thickness ratio of TiO2/SiO2. This novel approach for athermalization of the resonators opens up interesting perspectives on the implementation of vertical and multi-routing coupling between photonic and optoelectronic layers and more specifically in a three-integration fashion.
关键词： TiO2,Rolled-up microtube ring resonators,SiO2,Athermalization,Si3N4,Thermo-optic coefficient
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2019.10.7-2019.10.10)] 2019 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) - Wideband and Continuously Tunable Microwave Photonic Phase Shifter Based on an Active InP/InGaAsP Microring Resonator
摘要： We propose and experimentally demonstrate a wideband and continuously tunable microwave photonic (MWP) phase shifter based on an active InP/InGaAsP microring resonator (MRR) incorporating two semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and a phase modulator (PM). By tuning the gain provided by the SOAs, the loss in the ring cavity can be compensated and the extinction ratio of a resonance is decreased to nearly 0 dB, while maintaining the optical phase shift range within the resonance bandwidth. A theoretical analysis is performed. The key advantages of using the proposed MRR to achieve a microwave phase shifter are that the power variation at the output of the phase shifter is minimized during phase tuning and the microwave phase can be continuously tuned by tuning the PM in the MRR theoretically. The proposed phase shifter is experimentally demonstrated. A continuously tunable microwave phase shift over a phase tuning range of 291° from 5 GHz to 20 GHz by tuning the injection current to the PM is implemented. The microwave power variation is lower than 5 dB.
关键词： integrated optics devices,ring resonators,phase shift
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Dual-Band High <i>Q</i> -Factor Complementary Split-Ring Resonators Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide Method and Their Applications
摘要： In modern microwave telecommunication systems, especially in low phase noise oscillators, there is a need for resonators with low insertion losses and high Q-factor. More specifically, it is of high interest to design resonators with high group delay. In this paper, three novel dual-band complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) featuring high group delay etched on the waveguide surface by using substrate integrated waveguides are investigated and proposed. They are designed for a frequency range of 4.5–5.5 GHz. Group delay rates for the first, second, and third resonators were approximated as much as 23 ns, 293 ns, and 90 ns, respectively. We also proposed a new practical method to develop a wide tuning range SIW CSRR cavity resonator with a small tuning voltage in the second resonator, which leads to about 19% and 1% of tuning frequency band in the first and second bands, respectively. Finally, some of their applications in the design of filter, diplexer, and low phase noise oscillator will be investigated.
关键词： complementary split-ring resonators,low phase noise oscillator,group delay,substrate integrated waveguide,high Q-factor
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04