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Optical Nonlinearity of ZrS2 and Applications in Fiber Laser
摘要： Group VIB transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been successfully demonstrated as saturable absorbers (SAs) for pulsed fiber lasers. For the group comprising IVB TMDs, applications in this field remain unexplored. In this work, ZrS2-based SA is prepared by depositing a ZrS2 nanostructured film onto the side surface of a D-shaped fiber. The nonlinear optical properties of the prepared SA are investigated, which had a modulation depth of 3.3% and a saturable intensity of 13.26 MW/cm2. In a pump power range of 144–479 mW, the Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser with ZrS2 can operate in the dual-wavelength Q-switching state. The pulse duration declined from 10.0 μs down to 2.3 μs. The single pulse energy reached 53.0 nJ. The usage of ZrS2 as a SA for pulse generation in fiber lasers is presented for the first time. Compared to the experimental results of dual-wavelength Q-switched fiber lasers with two-dimensional (2D) materials, our laser performance was better. Our work indicates that the group comprising IVB TMD ZrS2 has bright prospects for nonlinear optical applications.
关键词： transition metal dichalcogenides,saturable absorbers,ZrS2
更新于2025-11-28 14:24:03
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Saturable plasmonic metasurfaces for laser mode locking
摘要： Metamaterials are artificial materials made of subwavelength elementary cells that give rise to unexpected wave properties that do not exist naturally. However, these properties are generally achieved due to 3D patterning, which is hardly feasible at short wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared regions targeted by most photonic applications. To overcome this limitation, metasurfaces, which are the 2D counterparts of metamaterials, have emerged as promising platforms that are compatible with planar nanotechnologies and thus mass production, which platforms the properties of a metamaterial into a 2D sheet. In the linear regime, wavefront manipulation for lensing, holography, and polarization control has been achieved recently. Interest in metasurfaces operating in the nonlinear regime has also increased due to the ability of metasurfaces to efficiently convert incident light into harmonic frequencies with unusual polarization properties. However, to date, the nonlinear absorption of metasurfaces has been mostly ignored. Here, we demonstrate that plasmonic metasurfaces behave as saturable absorbers with modulation performances superior to the modulation performance of other 2D materials and exhibit unusual polarimetric nonlinear transfer functions. We quantify the link between saturable absorption, the plasmonic resonances of the unit cell and their distribution in a 2D metasurface, and finally provide a practical implementation by integrating the metasurfaces into a fiber laser cavity operating in pulsed regimes driven by the metasurface properties. As such, this work provides new perspectives on ultrathin nonlinear saturable absorbers for applications where tunable nonlinear transfer functions are needed, such as in ultrafast lasers or neuromorphic circuits.
关键词： fiber lasers,metamaterials,plasmonic,saturable absorbers,metasurfaces,nonlinear optics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Q-switched all-fiber laser based on MoSe <sub/>2</sub> films with chemical vapor deposition method
摘要： In this work, MoSe2 ˉlm is synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition method. Saturable absorber (SA) is assembled with the tapered ˉber and MoSe2 ˉlms. Q-switched operation is achieved with the MoSe2-based SA. The experimental result reveals that the MoSe2-based SA has excellent saturable absorption characteristic with 23.41% modulation depth. When the pump power is greater than 289.2 mW, Q-switched all-ˉber lasing action is demonstrated. The repetition rate of the Q-switched pulses varies from 185.6 to 252.8 kHz. The shortest pulse duration is 801.9 ns, and the largest output energy is 69.3 nJ. Results indicate that MoSe2 ˉlms can provide new opportunities for large-modulation-depth optical modulators in ultrafast photonics.
关键词： Q-switched,saturable absorbers,ˉber laser,Nonlinear optical materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Hafnium sulfide nanosheets for large energy passively Q-switched fiber laser application
摘要： We report the generation of 240 nJ, robust pulses at 1.5 μm by inserting the hafnium sulfide (HfS2) into the compact Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser. The multilayer HfS2 nanosheets prepared by liquid exfoliation was experimentally studied as a good performance saturable absorber (SA) with the modulation depth (ΔT) of 11.32%. The slope efficiency of fiber laser is as high as 8.9%. Compared with recent reported works, our experimental results show better comprehensive performance. This work demonstrates that HfS2 with prominent nonlinear saturable absorption property could be used as a promising candidate to advance the development of nonlinear optics.
关键词： Q-switched,Saturable absorbers,Hafnium sulfide
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Rome, Italy (2019.6.17-2019.6.20)] 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Bismuth and Bismuth Telluride Thin Films Deposited by MOCVD upon Tapered Fiber Sections as Q-switches for Fiber Lasers
摘要： Lasing regimes of ring erbium ?ber lasers passively Q-switched by means of ?ber tapers coated with thin crystalline ?lms of either Bi2Te3 or Bi as saturable absorbers (SAs) are investigated. 10–15 μm in diameter and 5–10 mm long ?ber tapers are prepared by local chemical etching out of a silica light re?ecting cladding of the standard SMF-28 optical ?ber. Nanometer thick island ?lms of pure Bi and Bi2Te3 are synthesized on the surface of the ?ber tapers by applying the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The deposited ?lms are then covered with two di?erent polymers: either polyvinyl acetate (PVA) or polydimethylsiloxane elastomer (PDMSE). The ?ber section with polymer-coated SA ?ber is installed into the ring laser cavity in tandem with the section of an active ?ber. For all the samples a stable generation of microsecond pulses in the Q-switch mode at a wavelength of about 1560 nm is observed. To the best of our knowledge, a passively Q-switched ?ber laser with nanometer Bi ?lms as a saturable absorber is implemented for the ?rst time. It is established that even a small increase in the temperature of the surrounding medium leads to a signi?cant increase in the transmission coe?cient of polymer-coated tapers with deposited SA ?lms, which may be attributed to a decrease in the refractive index of the polymers. The most signi?cant increase in the transmission coe?cient with increasing temperature is observed in tapers coated with PVA, which has a refractive index larger than fused silica.
关键词： MOCVD,Q-switches,polymer coating,saturable absorbers,Bi2Te3,fiber lasers,Bi
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - The nonlinear optical properties of few-layer VSe <sub/>2</sub> nanosheets
摘要： Vanadium Diselenide (VSe2) has a high electrical conductivity owing to the electron delocalization of the vanadium lattice framework. Most of previous research has been focused on its electronic properties. The nonlinear optical properties of VSe2 have not been investigated yet. Herein, we prepared few-layer VSe2 nanoflakes by liquid phase exfoliation. Subsequently, we utilized Z-scan technique to study the nonlinear optical properties of few-layer VSe2 nanoflakes. And we prepared VSe2 based saturable absorbers (SA) and achieved passively mode-locked operation in Er-doped fiber laser. The results indicate that VSe2 nanosheets own remarkable nonlinear optical properties and could be employed as ideal saturable absorption materials in pulsed fiber lasers.
关键词： Mode-locked,Saturable absorbers,Vanadium Diselenide,Nonlinear optical materials
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Novel InN-Based SESAMs with Ultra-Short Time Response
摘要： Semiconductor saturable absorbers are becoming a matter of interest since they are keystone elements of pulsed lasers, leading to ultrashort pulses with high peak intensities and wide optical spectra. This kind of ultrafast lasers are empowering new applications in the fields of optical telecommunications and nonlinear optics. In order to improve the radiation source with regard to pulse energy and temporal duration, new saturable absorbers are still under development. In this work, we study semiconductor saturable absorbers (S1 and S2) consisting of an active InN layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy directly on a 10-μm-thick GaN-on-sapphire template. We compare structures with an InN thickness of 400 nm (S1) and 900 nm (S2). The energy band gap of the samples extracted from optical transmission measurements is Eg1 ～ 0.69 eV (1782 nm) and Eg2 ～ 0.70 eV (1767 nm) for samples S1 and S2, respectively. The nonlinear absorption of the samples at 1550 nm has been measured by the Z-scan method, using a radiation source which delivers 250 fs pulses with an average power of 35 mW and a repetition rate of 5.2 MHz. To increase the power density impinging the sample, the laser is focused with a lens with a focal length of 3 cm in the Z-scan scheme, attaining an energy fluence of E = 5.2 mJ/cm2. The nonlinear optical response of the samples is obtained by measuring the optical transmittance as a function of the incident peak intensity on the sample. In both samples, a huge nonlinear change is observed. The linear transmittance at 1550 nm has been estimated in Tlin = 17 % for S1 and Tlin = 2.6 % for S2, and the modulation depth is ΔT (S1) = 22.6 % and ΔT (S2) = 21.8 %, respectively. Thus, sample S1 exhibits a nonlinear transmittance change (Tnl/Tlin) above ～ 240% at the maximum peak intensity (optical bleaching), whereas for S2 the total change in transmittance reaches 815%. These results reveal that the thickness of S2 is particularly adapted for the fabrication of saturable absorbers at 1550 nm, since it is thick enough to get a low linear transmittance but keeping the maximum modulation depth. Semiconductor saturable mirrors (SESAMs) have been implemented by deposition of an aluminium mirror directly on the InN sample surface. Optical fiber mode-locked lasers have been developed with these SESAMs. The AC traces and optical spectra for lasers using samples S1 and S2 are plotted. The traces have been fitted to Gaussian curves with a temporal width of 210 fs for S1 and 150 fs for S2. In conclusion, we present a new SESAM technology based on InN thin films which displays huge nonlinear effects. Optimized InN layer thickness results in more than 800% change in transmittance, which makes it possible to generate ultrashort pulses with temporal duration as low as 150 fs.
关键词： Semiconductor saturable absorbers,InN,ultrafast lasers,SESAMs,nonlinear optics
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Optical microfiber-based ultrafast fiber lasers
摘要： Optical microfibers drawn from conventional fibers have attracted considerable interests and have found many novel applications. Here, we review recent advances in ultrafast fiber lasers based on optical microfibers. Starting with characteristics and fabrication of optical microfibers, which are closely related to ultrafast fiber lasers, we show that characteristics of large portion of evanescent field, tailorable dispersion, high optical nonlinearity, very low optical loss and full compatibility with conventional fibers are greatly beneficial to novel ultrafast fiber lasers. We then highlight recent works on ultrafast fiber lasers based on optical microfibers in terms of fast saturable absorbers made from optical microfiber-supported nanomaterials, dispersion management and high optical nonlinearity, as well as some other novel ultrafast fiber lasers. Finally, we briefly discuss future opportunities for optical microfiber-based ultrafast fiber lasers, such as high-order dispersion management, nonlinearity management and applications for sensing and measurement.
关键词： Dispersion management,Saturable absorbers,Ultrafast fiber lasers,Optical microfibers,Optical nonlinearity
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Comparison of Different Mode-Locking Methods in the Ho-Doped Fiber Laser
摘要： Ultrafast fiber sources operating in the spectral range of 2-3 μm have attracted attention due to a number of possible applications, e.g. for perspective communications, gas sensing, nonlinear frequency conversion, and medicine. Holmium-doped fibers (HDF) are commonly used as a gain medium for 2 μm lasers due to their broad gain spectrum, extending from 2 to 2.2 μm. Most of the presented works on Ho-doped ultrafast fiber lasers have concentrated on mode-locking regime initiated by saturable absorbers (SAs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) [1], graphene [2], black phosphorus [3], and semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) [4]. The mode-locking regime in an all-fiber Holmium laser also has been obtained by nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) [5]. In this work, we demonstrate a comparison of different methods of mode-locking obtaining in one Ho-doped fiber laser cavity under the same condition and analyze the parameters of the obtained pulsed radiation. We have compared such methods as NPE and two hybrid regimes: NPE+single walled CNTs [6, 7], NPE+graphene. The optical scheme of the experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. Ho-doped fiber laser was pumped through a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) by a custom-made 1125 nm Yb-doped fiber laser delivering up to 8 W of continuous wave power. The cavity of the laser was formed by active Ho-doped fiber (≈ 6 m) and single-mode fiber (≈ 8 m). A fiber polarizer and a pair of polarization controllers were added into the laser cavity to obtain NPE mode-locking. The SWCNTs or graphene SA were fixed between two optical FC/APC-connectors to realize hybrid mode-locking. The isolator (ISO) was used to obtain unidirectional lasing. The pulse signal was coupled out from the laser cavity using a 9/1 fiber coupler (90% coupler output was used as the output of the laser). The total intracavity dispersion was estimated as about –1.5 ps2. Stable pulsed lasing by NPE was obtained at a pump power of 3 W, whereas in the case of NPE+SWCNTs mode-locking lasing threshold increased up to 3.3 W of pump power. The average lasing power in the NPE and NPE+SWCNTs regimes was 6.4 and 4.7 mW, respectively. Fig. 2 shows the emission spectra of a pulsed Ho-doped fiber laser operating in different regimes. As can be seen, the spectra have different values of the central wavelength and full width at half maximum (FWHM). Fig. 3 shows the autocorrelation traces. The pulse width in both cases did not exceed 1.5 ps. The pulse energies in the NPE mode-locking and NPE+SWCNTs mode-locking regimes were 0.4 and 0.3 nJ, respectively. The pulse repetition frequency was 14.9 MHz. The signal-to-noise ratio in the case of NPE+SWCNTs mode-locking was 3 dB better than that implemented under conditions of NPE mode-locking.
关键词： saturable absorbers,mode-locking,hybrid regimes,Ho-doped fiber laser,nonlinear polarization evolution
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Stable all-fiber passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser based on plasmonic Zn doped CuGaO <sub/>2</sub> nanoplates
摘要： In this letter, we synthesized p-type Zn doped hexagonal CuGaO2 (CGZO) nanoplates (NPs) by hydrothermal reaction and utilized the nonlinear optical properties of these plasmonic NPs to realized stable passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser output. We achieved tunable saturable absorbers (SAs) by changing the doping ratio of CGZO NPs. With the increase of the doping ratio, pulse duration decreases from 2.532 μs to 2.276 μs and the optical-optical conversion efficiency of the Q-switched laser increases from 1.36% to 1.70%. Our result suggests that CGZO is promising to allow tunable SAs to generate passively Q-switched fiber lasers.
关键词： Q-switched fiber laser,plasmonic Zn doped CuGaO2 nanoplates,saturable absorbers,nonlinear optical properties
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04