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Integrated effects of fractional laser microablation and sonophoresis on skin immersion optical clearing in vivo
摘要： This study is aimed to find an approach for effective skin optical clearing in vivo using polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG-300) as an optical clearing agent in combination with physical enhancers: fractional laser microablation (FLMA), and/or low-frequency sonophoresis. In this study albino outbred rats were used. Light attenuation coefficient and optical clearing potential of these approaches were evaluated in upper (from ~70 to ~200 μm) and middle (from ~200 to ~400 μm) dermis separately using optical coherence tomography (OCT). In 30 min, optical clearing potential of sonophoresis in combination with FLMA and PEG-300 in the upper dermis was the maximal (2.3±0.4) in comparison with other treatments in this time point. The most effective approach for optical clearing of middle dermis was PEG-300 and sonophoresis; but the maximal value of optical clearing potential (1.6±0.1) was achieved only in 90 min.
关键词： Optical Coherence Tomography,Laser Tissue Ablation,Immersion,Ultrasonic Therapy,Skin
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Freeze-Drying of Blueberries: Effects of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser Perforation as Skin Pretreatment to Improve Mass Transfer, Primary Drying Time, and Quality
摘要： Freeze-dried berry fruits are generally consumed as they are, whole and without peeling or cutting, as the conservation of their original shape and appearance is often desired for the final product. However, usually, berries are naturally wrapped by an outer skin that imparts a barrier to vapor flow during freeze-drying, causing berry busting. Photo-sequence, experimental, and theoretical methodologies were applied to evaluate the application of CO2 laser microperforations to blueberry skin. Under the same set of freeze-drying conditions, blueberries with and without perforations were processed. The results showed that the primary drying time was significantly reduced from 17 ± 0.9 h for nontreated berries to 13 ± 2.0 h when nine microperforations per berry fruit were made. Concomitantly, the quality was also significantly improved, as the percentage of nonbusted blueberries at the end of the process increased from an average of 47% to 86%. From a phenomenological perspective, the analysis of the mass transfer resistance of nontreated fruits, in agreement with reported studies, showed a Type II curvature, with a sharp decrease at low time, followed by a linear increase. In contrast, blueberries with nine perforations depicted a Type III regime, with a saturation curvature toward the time axis. It was demonstrated that CO2-laser microperforation has high potential as a skin pretreatment for the freeze-drying of blueberries.
关键词： quality,blueberry freeze-drying,skin perforation,primary drying time,berry-busting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluation of a Ultraviolet B Light Emitting Diode (LED) for Producing Vitamin D <sub/>3</sub> in Human Skin
摘要： Aim: A commercially available light emitting diode (LED) that transmitted narrow band ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation was evaluated for its efficacy and efficiency to produce vitamin D3 in human skin. Materials and Methods: Human skin samples were obtained from surgical procedures. The LED had peak emission wavelength of 295 nm. Skin samples were exposed to the UVB-LED for varying times and then were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the vitamin D3 content. Results: There was a statistically significant time- and dose- dependent increase in the percent of 7-dehydrocholesterol that was converted to vitamin D3 in the skin type II samples; 1.3%±0.5, 2.3%±0.6 and 4.5%±1.67 after exposure to 0.75 (11.7 mJ/cm2), 1.5 (23.4 mJ/cm2) and 3 (46.8 mJ/cm2) minimal erythemal doses (MEDs), respectively. Conclusion: The UVB-LED was effective and efficient in generating vitamin D3 in human skin, in vitro. The amount of vitamin D3 production increased in a dose-dependent fashion with increased UVB energy. UVB-LEDs can be developed for devices that can efficiently produce vitamin D3 in human skin.
关键词： vitamin D3,human skin,ultraviolet B radiation,Previtamin D3,ultraviolet radiation light emitting diode (LED)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Dental lasers: principles and practice of safety
摘要： Lasers have great potential to improve treatment and are being increasingly used in dentistry. Patients, practice staff and visitors need to be protected from their potentially harmful effects on the skin and eyes, so dental staff need to understand and apply safety principles.
关键词： risk assessment,safety principles,Dental lasers,protective eyewear,skin and eye protection
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Laser Direct Writing Assisted Fabrication of Skin Compatible Metal Electrodes
摘要： Skin-compatible electrodes have been studied intensively for its application in wearable electronics. To satisfy various deformations of electronic skin, it requires to fabricate a highly conductive, mechanically stable, flexible, and stretchable electrode. Here, a feasible laser direct writing (LDW) process is carried out to fabricate micro-spring structured metal electrodes. The metal electrodes show high conductivity and transparency with sheet resistance of 4.8 ohm per square and at transmittance of 83%. It is worthy of noting that, the metal electrodes have an excellent mechanical–electrical stability, where stretching over 75% and bending over 5000 times induces resistance variance less than 5% and 2%, respectively. The excellent mechanical and electrical behavior of the micro-spring metal electrodes are promising to be useful for wearable electronics. The LDW process may facilitate the design and prototype of the skin compatible metal electrodes in the coming future.
关键词： wearable electronics,skin-compatible electrodes,electro-deposition,laser direct writing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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IPSI vs CONTRA TRAMa??Old Doubts New Answers: Evaluation TRAM Flap Survival with Static and Active Dynamic Thermography in Pedicled Flap Breast Reconstruction
摘要： Breast reconstruction is increasingly being considered as the next step in breast cancer treatment. There are many ways to recreate a new breast mound. In current times, the trend for breast reconstruction is reconstruction microsurgery which is the method of choice, but newcomers should know the alternative traditional methods. Since 1982 the pedicled TRAM (trans rectus abdominal myocutaneous) flap has become one of the most popular autologous tissue breast reconstruction procedures. It has also been debated for many years which method of transferring the tissue island is more reliable and has fewer complications—IPSI vs CONTRA [1]. The reasons for complications are the manner of twisting the nourishing blood supply and the tension due to the distance of the pedicle in both procedures [2]. Static thermography and dynamic thermography seem to provide the solution. In our experiment, we measured the medial surface temperature of flaps using static thermography and active dynamic thermography. The results were compared against the number of flap failures in each type of reconstruction. The study was conducted on a group of 20 female patients who underwent breast reconstruction.
关键词： Breast reconstruction,Active dynamic thermography,Thermography,Flap survival,TRAM flap,Flap necrosis,Skin necrosis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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The use of Carboxytherapy alone or in combination with fractional CO2 laser for facial rejuvenation: A splita??face comparative study
摘要： Background A wide variety of minimally invasive treatments are available for skin aging. Recently carbon dioxide therapy (CDT) or carboxytherapy was used in many cosmetic indications including facial rejuvenation. Objective To compare the efficacy of CDT alone versus combined CDT and fractional CO2 laser in management of facial aging. Methods Twenty-Five female patients with bilateral and symmetrical facial aging were included in the study. The right (Rt) hemiface received 8 sessions of CDT whereas the left (Lt) side was treated with combined technique (6 sessions of CDT and 2 sessions of fractional CO2 in between. Clinical and objective evaluation using 3D skin analysis, histological and morphometric analysis were performed. Results Clinical evaluation demonstrated that all patients (100%) were satisfied with no significant difference between both sides of the face (p>0.05). Regarding texture and pigmentation improvement, the Lt side (combined) showed significant improvement compared to the Rt side (p<0.05). Using Antera 3D camera, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in 3D improvement percent in textural changes while there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the 3D percent of wrinkles improvement between both sides. The Lt. side showed more significant increase in epidermal thickness after treatment when compared to the Rt. side (p<0.05) with evident neocollagen formation. Conclusion Carboxytherapy is an easy, safe, simple and a relatively effective method for facial rejuvenation with minimal downtime. Better results were achieved when used in combination with fractional CO2 laser.
关键词： skin aging,minimally invasive treatments,fractional CO2 laser,facial rejuvenation,Carboxytherapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Kinetic Map for Destabilization of Pt-Skin Au Nanoparticles via Atomic Scale Rearrangements
摘要： A commonly used strategy to enhance the mass activity of Pt-based catalysts involves the synthesis of Au nanoparticles (NPs) with a monolayer-thick Pt-skin layer. The synergistic effect of Au and Pt results in a higher catalytic activity and better Pt utilization. However, the stability of the Pt-skin layer is questionable as our recent equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations predict that eventually the surface Pt is replaced by Au. The role of Au during destabilization of Pt-skin in vacuum and solution is investigated with the help of molecular dynamics. Different starting Au?Pt arrangements are studied mimicking various NP synthesis approaches. Beyond a critical number of atoms in a Pt cluster, the ideal Pt monolayer rapidly transforms to a three-dimensional (3D) Pt cluster. This is supported by our model predicting transition from the Pt monolayer to Volmer?Weber growth in the Au?Pt system. At room temperature, Pt atoms move into the subsurface layer at second timescales mainly via the exchange mechanism involving Au atoms or Au climbing on top of Pt. For all practical purposes, the experimental “Pt-skin” Au NPs may actually correspond to a single layer of surface Au over subsurface Pt layers. Presence of large 3D Pt clusters may slowdown the climbing of Au atoms on Pt, thereby delaying the formation of Au-skin.
关键词： Pt-skin,Au nanoparticles,destabilization,catalytic activity,molecular dynamics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE SoutheastCon 2018 - St. Petersburg, FL, USA (2018.4.19-2018.4.22)] SoutheastCon 2018 - Designing Light Filters to Detect Skin Using a Low-powered Sensor
摘要： Detection of nudity in photos and videos, especially prior to uploading to the internet, is vital to solving many problems related to adolescent sexting, the distribution of child pornography, and cyberbullying. The problem with using nudity detection algorithms on high fidelity images as a means to combat these problems is that: 1) it implies that a digitized nude photo of a minor already exists (i.e., child pornography), and 2) there are real ethical and legal concerns around the distribution and processing of child pornography. Once a camera captures an image, that image is no longer secure. Therefore, we need to develop new privacy-preserving solutions that prevent the digital capture of nude imagery of minors. Our research takes a first step in trying to accomplish this goal: In this paper, we examine the feasibility of using a low-powered sensor to detect skin dominance (defined as an image comprised of 50% or more of human skin tone) in a visual scene. By designing four custom light filters to enhance the digital information extracted from 300 scenes captured with the sensor (without digitizing high-fidelity visual features), we were able to accurately detect a skin dominant scene with 83.7% accuracy, 83% precision, and 85% recall. Our long-term goal is to design a low-powered vision sensor that can be mounted on a digital camera lens on a teen’s mobile device to detect and/or prevent the capture of nude imagery. Thus, we discuss the limitations of this work toward this larger goal, as well as future research directions.
关键词： filters,skin detection,nudity,low-powered sensor,machine learning
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Identification of Master Regulator Genes of UV Response and Their Implications for Skin Carcinogenesis
摘要： Solar UV radiation is a major environmental risk factor for skin cancer. Despite decades of robust and meritorious investigation, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying UV-induced skin carcinogenesis remain incomplete. We previously performed comprehensive transcriptomic profiling in human keratinocytes following exposure to different UV radiation conditions to generate UV-specific gene expression signatures. In this study, we utilized VIPER, a robust systems biology tool, on UV-specific skin cell gene signatures to identify master regulators (MRs) of UV-induced transcriptomic changes. We identified multiple prominent candidate UV MRs, including forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13, and DNA isomerase II alpha, which play important roles in cell cycle regulation and genome stability. MR protein activity was either activated or suppressed by UV in normal keratinocytes. Intriguingly, many of the UV-suppressed MRs were activated in human skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), highlighting their importance in skin cancer development. We further demonstrated that selective inhibition of FOXM1, whose activity was elevated in SCC cells, was detrimental to SCC cell survival. Taken together, our study uncovered novel UV master regulators that can be explored as new therapeutic targets for future skin cancer treatment.
关键词： Keratinocyte,UV signature,skin cancer,master regulator
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01