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From 1D to 3D: Fabrication of CH <sub/>3</sub> NH <sub/>3</sub> PbI <sub/>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cell Thin Films from (Pyrrolidinium)PbI <sub/>3</sub> via Organic Cation Exchange Approach
摘要： A new crystal form of one-dimentional (1D) perovskite (pyrrolidinium)PbI3 is synthesized and characterized. The 1D perovskite has a good film formability by solution spin coating, and can be in situ transformed to three-dimensional (3D) CH3NH3PbI3 via organic cation exchange approach under CH3NH2 atmosphere, which is dense and uniform. The converted 3D perovskite film is employed as a light absorber, and the corresponding perovskite solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency of up to 19.2% under simulated one-sun AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2).
关键词： three-dimensional,one-dimensional,perovskite,solar cell,single crystal
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effect of Precursor Aging on Builta??In Potential in Formamidiniuma??Based Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Formamidinium-based perovskite with optimal bandgap and improved thermal stability is a promising active material for application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The hybrid precursor solutions, formed by adding various smaller cations, are often used for improving the phase stability in PSCs. In this work, we report the effort on understanding the aging effect of a methylammonium- and bromine-free formamidinium precursor solution on the performance of FA0.85Cs0.1Rb0.05PbI3-based PSCs. Our results reveal that deterioration in the built-in potential in the PSCs is closely associated with the formation of the secondary phase in the FA0.85Cs0.1Rb0.05PbI3 active layer. The formation of the secondary phase in the active layer is related to the hydrolysis of the precursor solution. The suppression of the moisture encroachment greatly enhances the durability of the precursor solution and performance reproducibility of the PSCs.
关键词： precursor solution aging,perovskite solar cell,secondary phase,built-in potential
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Higha??Performance Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Unusual Inverted Structure
摘要： A new fused-ring electron acceptor FOIC1 was designed and synthesized. FOIC1 exhibits intense absorption in the range of 600-1000 nm, HOMO/LUMO energy levels of –5.39/–3.99 eV, and electron mobility of 1.8 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1. Organic solar cells based on sequentially processed heterojunction (SHJ) with unusual inverted structure were fabricated. Through sequentially spin-coating polymer donor PTB7-Th as the bottom layer and acceptor FOIC1 as the top layer, a better vertical phase distribution is formed in this SHJ compared with that in traditional bulk heterojunction (BHJ). In the upper-half part, a more balanced donor/acceptor distribution is beneficial for exciton dissociation. At the bottom interface, more FOIC1 accumulation is beneficial for exciton generation and charge transport. Overall, the SHJ cells exhibit power conversion efficiency as high as 12.0%, higher than that of the BHJ counterpart (11.0%).
关键词： sequential processing,inverted structure,nonfullerene,fused-ring electron acceptor,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Vacuuma??Free, Alla??Solution, and Alla??Air Processed Organic Photovoltaics with over 11% Efficiency and Promoted Stability Using Layera??bya??Layer Codoped Polymeric Electrodes
摘要： Nonfullerene organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 15%. While this shed light on OPV commercialization, high cost associated to the scalable device fabrications remains a giant challenge. Herein, we report a vacuum-free, all-solution and all-air processed OPV that yields 11.12% efficiency with fill factor of 0.725, thanks to the usages of high-merit polymeric electrodes and modified active blends. The design principle toward the high-merit electrodes is to induce a heavy acid doping into the matrices for a raised carrier concentration and mobility, make a large removal of insulating components in the whole matrices rather than surfaces, and restrain the formation of large-domain aggregates. A unique layer-by-layer doping was developed to enable the polymeric electrodes with record-high trade-offs between optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. Moreover, solvent vapor annealing was proposed to boost device efficiency and it has the advantages of finely adjusting the active blend morphology and raising the electron mobility. The resulting devices were highly efficient and they maintained most (~91%) of the initial efficiency in 30 day storage. This work gives the bright future for making cost-effective all-solution processed OPVs in air.
关键词： all-solution and all-air processing,PEDOT:PSS,vacuum-free,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Magnetron sputtered SnO <sub/>2</sub> constituting double electron transport layers for efficient PbS quantum dots solar cells
摘要： In this work, for the first time, we have successfully demonstrated that radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtered SnO2 can be a qualified alternative electron transport layer (ETL) for high-efficiency PbS quantum dot (QD) solar cell. Our highest-performing device using such a SnO2 ETL obtained an efficiency of 8.4%, which is comparable to the sol-gel ZnO based one (8.8%). The excellent performance mainly results from the improved current density, which is attributed to the superior properties of SnO2 ETL, such as the high electron mobility and excellent optical transmittance. However, we also found that the sputtered SnO2 based devices show smaller voltage and fill factor due to the unsatisfied surface morphology and energy level alignment. By combining a thin (around 10 nm) sol-gel ZnO film on top of sputtered SnO2 film to form the double ETL, we obtained the best efficiency of 10.1%, which is the highest efficiency for using SnO2 ETL in PbS QD solar cell. Our work not only provides a new avenue to improve the efficiency of PbS QD solar cells but also offers the possibility to use the industry compatible sputtering technique for PbS QD solar cells.
关键词： electron transporting layer,SnO2,magnetron sputtering,PbS,quantum dot solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Direct nanoscale mapping of open circuit voltages at local back surface fields for PERC solar cells
摘要： The open circuit voltage (VOC) is a critical and common indicator of solar cell performance as well as degradation, for panel down to lab-scale photovoltaics. Detecting VOC at the nanoscale is much more challenging, however, due to experimental limitations on spatial resolution, voltage resolution, and/or measurement times. Accordingly, an approach based on Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy is implemented to directly detect the local VOC, notably for monocrystalline Passivated Emitter Rear Contact (PERC) cells which are the most common industrial-scale solar panel technology in production worldwide. This is demonstrated with cross-sectioned monocrystalline PERC cells around the entire circumference of a poly-aluminum-silicide via through the rear emitter. The VOC maps reveal a local back surface ?eld extending * 2 lm into the underlying p-type Si absorber due to Al in-diffusion as designed. Such high spatial resolution methods for photovoltaic performance mapping are especially promising for directly visualizing the effects of processing parameters, as well as identifying signatures of degradation for silicon and other solar cell technologies.
关键词： solar cell,nanoscale,Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy,open circuit voltage,PERC cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Paper-Based Constant Potential Electrochemiluminescence Sensing Platform with Black Phosphorus as a Luminophore Enabled by a Perovskite Solar Cell
摘要： Exploring e?cient luminophores in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system is highly desired to pursue a sensitive ECL sensing platform. Herein, the black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs) with excellent ECL properties are investigated and serve as the luminophore with the coreactant of peroxydisulfate (S2O8 2?) solution. Moreover, owing to the overlapping of emission and absorbance spectra, e?ective resonance energy transfer (RET) is realized between the BP NSs and the introduced Au nanoparticles. In order to achieve the portable and miniaturized developing trends for the paper-based ECL sensing platform, a paper-based perovskite solar cell (PSC) device is designed to act as the power source to replace the commonly utilized expensive and cumbersome electrochemical workstation. Bene?ting from that, a PSC driven paper-based constant potential ECL-RET sensing platform is constructed, thereby realizing sensitive microRNAs (miRNAs) detection. What’s more, to attain the preferable analytical performance, the duplex-speci?c nuclease (DSN) is also introduced to assist the target recycling signal ampli?cation strategy. Based on this, highly sensitive detection of miRNA-107 with a range from 0.1 pM to 15 nM is achieved by this designed sensing platform. Most importantly, this work not only pioneers a precedent for developing a high-sensitivity PSC triggered ECL sensing platform but also explores the application prospect of BP nanomaterial in the ?eld of bioanalysis.
关键词： microRNAs detection,resonance energy transfer,perovskite solar cell,black phosphorus nanosheets,electrochemiluminescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Measurement setup for differential spectral responsivity of solar cells
摘要： We have developed a setup for measuring differential spectral responsivities of unifacial and bifacial solar cells under bias light conditions. The setup uses 30 high-brightness LEDs for generating a quasi-monochromatic light source covering the wavelength range 290–1300 nm. Halogen lamps are used to generate bias-lighting conditions up to the irradiance level of 1000 W/m2. The setup has been fully characterized for spectral irradiances and spatial uniformities of all light sources. Validation measurements carried out using a reference cell of 2 × 2 cm2 area from Fraunhofer ISE demonstrated an agreement better than 2% over the wavelength range of 425–940 nm, with an expanded uncertainty of 2.6%. In the UV and IR regions, the discrepancies are higher but still within estimated uncertainties. The setup is also tested in measuring spectral responsivities of large 15 × 15 cm2 bifacial solar cells. The associated problems are discussed.
关键词： Radiometry,Bifacial,Solar cell,Spectral responsivity,Electricity,Efficacy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Efficiency enhancement of TiOx electron-transporting layer-based ultrathin p-type c-Si solar cell by reactive sputtering of backside MoOx hole-transporting contact
摘要： The importance of efficient carrier selective transport at the backside contact significantly increases with thickness reduction of c-Si solar cells. Here, MoOx backside hole-transporting layer is fabricated on TiOx electron-transporting layer-based ultrathin c-Si solar cell with a final configuration of Ag/ITO/Mg/TiOx/45 μm p-type c-Si/MoOx/Ag by reactive magnetron sputtering method at room temperature. The effects of oxygen ratio and sputtering power on the film phase, bandgap, and surface roughness are investigated. Moreover, the contact performance between Ag and p-type c-Si is systematically studied and optimized by MoOx insertion. Based on the optimized MoOx thin film, the obtained totally dopant-free cell shows an enhancement of all cell parameters with a resultant high efficiency of 12.81%, which is about 12.8% relatively higher than that of conventional backside p+-based one (11.36%). In the combination of experiment and simulation processes, better performance of MoOx-based cell can be ascribed to the improvement of both electrical and optical performances of the device. The realization of MoOx-based contact at room temperature enables the solar cell fabrication under planar state possible, which can greatly avoid the bowing effect and reduce the yield losses and energy consumption during the fabrication of ultrathin c-Si solar cells.
关键词： reactive sputtering,c-Si solar cell,hole-transporting contact,MoOx,TiOx
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells using modification of CH3NH3PbI3 active layer: the effect of methylammonium iodide loading time
摘要： In perovskite (PSK) solar cells, the PSK absorber layer plays a vital role in power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this study, we report on the fabrication of mesoporous PSK solar cells using a two-step spin-coating rout with the structure of glass/FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3)/P3HT/Au. The morphology and crystalline structure of the PSK thin film is controlled by changing the CH3NH3I (MAI) loading times (the 20?s, 30?s, 40?s, 60?s) on PbI2 film. The PSK layers are optimized at different MAI loading times in a two-step process to enhance the PCE of the PSK solar cells. The investigation and comparison of the results show that the solar cell containing the absorber layer prepared by solution loading time of the 40?s is more efficient than the other devices. The champion device shows the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.97?V, short current density (Jsc) of 19.30?mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) of 0.64, which leads to the best PCE of 12.04%.
关键词： MAI loading time,MAPbI3,Perovskite solar cell,CH3NH3PbI3,Spins coating,Active layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01