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Fabrication of nickel oxide composites with carbon nanotubes for enhanced charge transport in planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： As the conductivity of metal oxides is often insufficient for use in inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a hybrid hole transporter consisting of carbon nanotube (CNT)-embedded nickel oxide (NiOx) is suggested to enhance the conductivity. Fully solution-processed NiOx/CNT composites are prepared by introducing CNTs (0–20 vol.%) into a NiOx solution. Raman spectroscopy confirms successful incorporation of the CNTs in the NiOx-based hybrid material. Also, enhanced conductivity of NiOx by introducing CNTs is confirmed by conductance measurement and conductive atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the enhanced charge extraction properties of the NiOx/CNTs hybrid are evidenced by transient photocurrent, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals a reduction in charge recombination when the hybrid material is used as the hole transport layer (HTL) in PSCs. Interestingly, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs is increased from 13.1% to 15.1% by applying this hybrid HTL. The best-performing cell, using NiOx/CNTs (7.5 vol.%), exhibits a PCE of up to 16.9%. This unprecedented HTL provides a fundamental method for enhancing the performance of inorganic charge transporters for solution-processed inverted planar PSCs.
关键词： carbon nanotube,perovskite,solar cell,charge transport,nickel oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of RF Power on the Properties of Sputtered-CuS Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications
摘要： Copper sulfide (CuS) thin films were deposited on a glass substrate at room temperature using the radio-frequency (RF) magnetron-sputtering method at RF powers in the range of 40–100 W, and the structural and optical properties of the CuS thin film were investigated. The CuS thin films fabricated at varying deposition powers all exhibited hexagonal crystalline structures and preferred growth orientation of the (110) plane. Raman spectra revealed a primary sharp and intense peak at the 474 cm?1 frequency, and a relatively wide peak was found at 265 cm?1 frequency. In the CuS thin film deposited at an RF power of 40 W, relatively small dense particles with small void spacing formed a smooth thin-film surface. As the power increased, it was observed that grain size and grain-boundary spacing increased in order. The binding energy peaks of Cu 2p3/2 and Cu 2p1/2 were observed at 932.1 and 952.0 eV, respectively. Regardless of deposition power, the difference in the Cu2+ state binding energies for all the CuS thin films was equivalent at 19.9 eV. We observed the binding energy peaks of S 2p3/2 and S 2p1/2 corresponding to the S2? state at 162.2 and 163.2 eV, respectively. The transmittance and band-gap energy in the visible spectral range showed decreasing trends as deposition power increased. For the CuS/tin sulfide (SnS) absorber-layer-based solar cell (glass/Mo/absorber(CuS/SnS)/cadmium sulfide (CdS)/intrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO)/indium tin oxide (ITO)/aluminum (Al)) with a stacked structure of SnS thin films on top of the CuS layer deposited at 100 W RF power, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 115 mA, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 9.81 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 35%, and highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.39% were recorded.
关键词： covellite,CuS/SnS absorber,CuS thin film,solar cell,RF magnetron sputtering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Firsta??principles Investigation of the Structural, Elastic, Electronic, and Optical Properties of ?±a?? and ?2a??SrZrS3: Implications for Photovoltaic Applications
摘要： Transition metal perovskite chalcogenides are attractive solar absorber materials for renewable energy applications. Herein, we present the first–principles screened hybrid density functional theory analyses of the structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of the two structure modifications of strontium zirconium sulfide (needle–like α–SrZrS3 and distorted β–SrZrS3 phases). Through the analysis of the predicted electronic structures, we show that both α– and β–SrZrS3 materials are direct band gaps absorbers, with calculated band gaps of 1.38, and 1.95 eV, respectively, in close agreement with estimates from diffuse–reflectance measurements. A strong light absorption in the visible region is predicted for the α– and β–SrZrS3, as reflected in their high optical absorbance (in the order of 105 cm?1), with the β–SrZrS3 phase showing stronger absorption than the α–SrZrS3 phase. We also report the first theoretical prediction of effective masses of photo‐generated charge carriers in α– and β–SrZrS3 materials. Predicted small effective masses of holes and electrons at the valence, and conduction bands, respectively, point to high mobility (high conductivity) and low recombination rate of photo‐generated charge carriers in α– and β–SrZrS3 materials, which are necessary for efficient photovoltaic conversion.
关键词： Solar cell,Optoelectronic properties,Density Functional Theory,chalcogenide perovskites,earth–abundant materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Novel hole transporting material based on tetrathiafulvalene derivative: A step towards dopant free, ambient stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
摘要： Performance of hole transporting material (HTM) plays a fundamental role in estimating overall efficiency of perovskite solar cell (PSC). Dopant free HTMs with high intrinsic hole mobility and stability have been emerged as a fascinating choice for production of highly efficient and stable PSCs. Here, we report facile synthesis and implementation of a novel tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative as a dopant free HTM for efficient and ambient stable PSC. The PSC based on dopant free TTF HTM shows remarkable photovoltaic efficiency of 15.66% which is one of highest value for any TTF based HTM. Beside efficiency, PSC based on TTF HTM shows only about 16% decline in initial efficiency even after 45 days storage in ambient conditions without any encapsulation which verifies its excellent ambient stability and hydrophobicity. Furthermore, various physical, electrochemical, photovoltaic and optical parameters of TTF HTM are investigated by highly specialized characterization tools. We affirm these results will be helpful for developing novel HTMs for highly efficient and stable PSCs in future.
关键词： Stability,Hole transporting material,Tetrathiafulvalene,Perovskite solar cell,Efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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New energetic indandione based planar donor for stable and efficient organic solar cells
摘要： The present work documents the synthesis of a new and highly energetic indandione based D-π-A planar molecule, 2-(5″-hexyl-[2,2′:5′2″ terthiophen]-5-yl) methylene)-1H- indene-1,3(2H) dione, H3T-ID), as donor material for bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (BJH-OSCs). The photophysical properties, optoelectrical characterization and microscopic images were thoroughly studied. H3T-ID exhibited good absorption behavior with maximum absorbance at ~495 nm and displayed the optical band gap of ~1.98 eV. The existence of π-spacer and hexyl side chain in H3T-ID significantly improved the thin film morphology, molecular packing and enhanced the charge transport. H3T-ID organic molecule acquired well-matched HOMO and bountifully higher LUMO energy levels w.r.t. PC61BM acceptor. The photovoltaic characteristics of the fabricated BHJ-OSC using H3T-ID as donor and PC61BM as acceptor displayed maximum PCE = ~4.05%, good JSC = ~10.43 mAcm?2, VOC = ~0.77 V and FF = 0.51. The stability test revealed that the fabricated BHJ-OSCs showed good reproducibility and stability by retaining over ~80% of its initial PCE for 15 days without encapsulation.
关键词： Stability,Indanedione,Planar,Heterojunction,Organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Characterization of spray deposited ternary ZnSxSe(1-x) thin films for solar cell buffers
摘要： This paper reports on cadmium free, environment friendly, industrially beneficial, chemically sprayed ZnSxSe(1-x) (ZSS) thin films with tunable band gap which is suitable for various optoelectronic applications including buffer layer in solar cells. Chemically sprayed ZSS thin films with x ranging from 0 to 1 were studied extensively by adopting the characterization techniques like X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDAX), Ultraviolet – visible (UV–VIS), Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopies in order to assess the suitability of the formed thin film for the buffer layer applications. XRD analysis was done to determine various parameters like lattice constant, crystallite size, strain and dislocation density. From lattice constant, Vegard's law was also verified and compared the composition estimation with EDAX data. Refractive index was compared using Vandemme model with the values obtained using reflectance data. Photoluminescence and Raman spectra were analyzed to get an insight on structural defects, which have major role in deciding the electrical properties. Electrical properties were assessed by estimating carrier concentration, carrier mobility and electrical resistivity by adopting Van der Pauw technique. Based on structural, optical and electrical properties, sample with x = 0.4 is suggested for the buffer layer application in CIGS based solar cells, which produces minimum lattice mismatch with considerably high optical transmittance and electrical conductance.
关键词： Ternary chalcogenide,Thin films,Spray pyrolysis,Solar cell,Photoluminescence,Raman spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Altering alkyl-chains branching positions for boosting the performance of small-molecule acceptors for highly efficient nonfullerene organic solar cells
摘要： The emergence of the latest generation of small-molecule acceptor (SMA) materials, with Y6 as a typical example, accounts for the surge in device performance for organic solar cells (OSCs). This study proposes two new acceptors named Y6-C2 and Y6-C3, from judicious alteration of alkyl-chains branching positions away from the Y6 backbone. Compared to the Y6, the Y6-C2 exhibits similar optical and electrochemical properties, but better molecular packing and enhanced crystallinity. In contrast, the Y6-C3 shows a significant blue-shift absorption in the solid state relative to the Y6 and Y6-C2. The as-cast PM6:Y6-C2-based OSC yields a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.89% than those based on the Y6 (15.24%) and Y6-C3 (13.76%), representing the highest known value for as-cast nonfullerene OSCs. Prominently, the Y6-C2 displays a good compatibility with the PC71BM. Therefore, a ternary OSC device based on PM6:Y6-C2:PC71BM (1.0:1.0:0.2) was produced, and it exhibits an outstanding PCE of 17.06% and an impressive fill factor (FF) of 0.772. Our results improve understanding of the structure-property relationship for state-of-the-art SMAs and demonstrate that modulating the structure of SMAs via fine-tuning of alkyl-chains branching positions is an effective method to enhance their performance.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,fill factor,small molecular acceptor,alkyl-chain branching position,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Thin-Film Tandem Organic Solar Cells With Improved Efficiency
摘要： Seeking high power conversion efficiency is always a striving pathway for many researchers to commercialize organic solar cells (OSCs). Thus, it is essential to achieve high conversion efficiency to make solar oriented devices as truly green energy resource. In this paper, we report novel tandem structures based on organic materials in which homo and hybrid schemes are utilized. The homo tandem structures involve the well-known organic materials such as P3HT: PCBM and PTB7: PCBM as top and bottom absorber layers, while the hybrid tandem structure is made by the combination of P3HT: PCBM and PTB7: PCBM, respectively. Due to different absorption coefficients, simulation results indicate that the hybrid tandem structure exhibit large values for current density Jsc=22.60mA/cm2, open circuit voltage Voc= 0.85V, fill factor FF=68.21%, and efficiency ?=13.96%, compared to homo tandem cell and proves to be more efficient and highly stable towards high temperatures, which indicates that the proposed structure is more suitable for practical applications.
关键词： Organic solar cell,efficiency,homo,hybrid,tandem
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Investigation and simulation of the effect of silver, aluminum, gold, and platinum nano-ribbons on the efficiency of amorphous silicon solar cell
摘要： In this paper, we considered a silicon solar cell with some ribbon nanoparticles including silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), and platinum (Pt) ribbon nanoparticles. The dimensions of nanoparticles affect the absorption and efficiency of solar cells. Here, various dimensions were examined, and the width, height, and period of the ribbon nanoparticle were taken into account. In this paper, we investigated the effect of height, width, period, and materials of ribbon nanoparticles by finite-difference time-domain method. The simulation results show that the maximum absorption was obtained equal to 12.90% by using the silver ribbon nanoparticles having width (x) of 25 nm, height (h) of 50 nm, and period (p) of 50 nm. In this case, the fill factor was obtained as 81.31%.
关键词： Efficiency,Solar cell,Absorption,Ribbon nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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An All Carbon Dye Sensitized Solar Cell: A Sustainable and Low-Cost Design for Metal Free Wearable Solar Cell Devices
摘要： Lightweight carbon electrodes are the new candidates for photovoltaic devices due to their temperature resistivity, ease of fabrication, and skin comfortability. Herein, a sustainable and facile strategy has been proposed for metal free all carbon dye sensitized solar cell (C-DSSC), assembled by stacking carbon front electrode (CFE) and carbon counter electrode (CCE). The CFE demonstrated adequate light transmittance (70-50%) while maintaining efficient photon absorption and charge separation mechanism due to dye coated TiO2 nanorods (P25-R). The graphene dip coated carbon counter electrode (Gr@CCE) possesses remarkable highly electro catalytic activity towards 3 /I ― I ― redox couple with low charge transfer resistance (RCT=0.79 ?). The sustainable design of C-DSSC attained ~6±0.5 % efficiency with high photocurrent density of 18.835 mA. cm-2. The superior performance of C-DSSC is accredited to its improved charge mobility, low internal resistance, and better interfacial electrode contact. The thickness of C-DSSC is ≤3 mm eliminates the need for rigid glass in DSSC.
关键词： Carbon,TiO2 nanorods,Dye sensitized solar cell,Graphene,Electrocatalytic activity
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57