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Investigation of the effect of MAI and PbI$$_{\mathrm {2}}$$2 concentrations on the properties of perovskite solar cells
摘要： the effect of perovskites layer quality on the performance of compact-TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/carbon solar cells was investigated. Different perovskite layers were prepared by varying concentrations of PbI2 and CH3NH3I, while reaction temperature and dipping time were ?xed. The range of concentrations for PbI2 and methylammonium iodide (MAI) were 1–1.4 M and 6–10 mg ml?1, respectively. Fabricated perovskite layers were ?rst coated by carbon electrodes (5-layer) and then, the champion one was coated by Spiro-OMeTAD (as a hole transport material) and Au-evaporated layer as a cathode (6-layer). Fabricated ?lms were fully characterized by ?eld emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectrum. Photovoltaic properties were measured under AM 1.5. Output currents of 5-layer cells were in the range of 228–476 μA, of which the highest one was obtained by using 1.2 M PbI2 and 8 mg ml?1 MAI. Ultimately, the maximum power conversion ef?ciency of 9.1% was obtained with 6-layer cell.
关键词： solar cell,MAI,Perovskite layer,PbI2,optimization
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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In-situ phosphorus-doped polysilicon prepared using rapid-thermal anneal (RTA) and its application for polysilicon passivated-contact solar cells
摘要： A rapid thermal anneal (RTA) is used to crystallize the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film to form the phosphorus-doped polysilicon passivated contact in tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells. The effects of annealing temperature, annealing time, cooling time, and the polysilicon thickness on the surface passivation are investigated. The primary advantage of the RTA is reducing the whole crystallization period to ~15 min, shorter than the conventional tube-furnace annealing period of >60 min. We find that the RTA is a robust method to prepare high-quality polysilicon passivated contact without introducing blistering when the thickness of the a-Si:H is less than 40 nm. The optimized RTA process leads to an implied open-circuit voltage (iVoc) of 712 mV and a single-sided dark saturation current density (J0,s) of 12.5 fA/cm2 in the as-annealed state, which is inferior to the surface passivation of the controlled one prepared by a tube furnace annealing. Fortunately, a subsequent Al2O3 capping hydrogenation improves the iVoc and J0,s to 727 mV and 4.7 fA/cm2, respectively. The champion conversion efficiency of 23.04% (Voc ? 679.0 mV, Jsc ? 41.97 mA/cm2 and FF ? 80.86%) is achieved, which demonstrates the effectiveness of RTA for preparing a high-efficiency polysilicon passivated-contact solar cell.
关键词： Rapid thermal anneal (RTA),Polysilicon passivated contact,c-Si,Solar cell,PECVD,TOPCon
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Broadband, wide-angle antireflection in GaAs through surface nano-structuring for solar cell applications
摘要： We demonstrate broadband and wide-angle antireflective surface nanostructuring in GaAs semiconductors using variable dose electron-beam lithography (EBL). Various designed structures are written with EBL on a positive EB-resist coated GaAs and developed followed by shallow inductively coupled plasma etching. An optimized nanostructured surface shows a reduced surface reflectivity down to less than 2.5% in the visible range of 450–700 nm and an average reflectance of less than 4% over a broad near-infrared wavelength range from 900–1400 nm. The results are obtained over a wide incidence angle of 33.3°. This study shows the potential for anti-reflective structures using a simpler reverse EBL process which can provide optical absorption or extraction efficiency enhancement in semiconductors relevant to improved performance in solar photovoltaics or light-emitting diodes.
关键词： GaAs,surface nano-structuring,broadband,solar cell applications,wide-angle,antireflection
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The rational and effective design of nonfullerene acceptors guided by a semi-empirical model for an organic solar cell with an efficiency over 15%
摘要： Although much progress has been made for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), the active layer material design is generally based on a trial and error approach. It is still a challenge to rationally design active layer materials to further improve OPV performance. Herein, guided by a semi-empirical model we have proposed, two new small molecule acceptors, named F-2F and FO-2F, have been designed and synthesized based on an acceptor F-H. With difluoro substituted end group, F-2F shows red-shifted absorption than F-H, but still far from the range required in the semi-empirical model. Thus, with a subtle molecular optimization by inserting oxygen atom into the backbone of F-2F, FO-2F has been designed, which exhibits much red-shifted absorption, close to the preferred absorption range of the semi-empirical model. Blending with donor polymer PM6, OPV device based on FO-2F achieved an impressive PCE of 15.05% with a Voc of 0.878 V, a Jsc of 22.26 mA cm-2 and a notable FF of 0.77. Both the Voc and Jsc are among the predicted range of the model. These results render molecule FO-2F a new acceptor example which could demonstrates over 15% PCE only observed almost entirely for Y6 series.
关键词： acceptor,semi-empirical model,nonfullerene,A-D-A,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fabrication and characterization of metal oxide and lignocelluloses fibers based working electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
摘要： This study presents the fabrication of flexible composite sheets of titanium dioxide (TiO2) by incorporation of natural lignocelluloses fibers extracted from the self-growing plant, Typha Angustifolia to address the inherent rigid structure and superior absorption properties of the working electrode. Furthermore, fabricated TiO2 based composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and employed as a working electrode for DSSC after deposition on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. SEM morphology reveals that LC fibers acted as a thread to bind the TiO2 nanoparticles and also with better voids for adsorption of electrolyte whereas FTIR spectroscopy confirms the successful formation of the paper composite. J-V measurements reveal the high efficiency of 2.95% for TiO2/LC flexible and environmentally safe composite which can be feasible for modern bendable DSSC.
关键词： Working Electrode,TiO2,Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,lignocelluloses fibers
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Comparative study of optimised molybdenum back-contact deposition with different barriers (Ti, ZnO) on stainless steel substrate for flexible solar cell application
摘要： In this study, we optimised the molybdenum (Mo) back-contact layer for solar cell applications on stainless steel substrates using direct-current (dc) sputtering with varying sputtering powers (100 W to 500 W) and pressures (5 mTorr to 20 mTorr). We comparatively analysed the effectiveness of titanium (Ti) layer deposited using e-beam evaporation deposition and zinc oxide (ZnO) layer deposited using radio-frequency (RF) sputtering for barrier application with Mo. Structural characterisation of the optimised Mo films was carried out using XRD studies confirmed the (110) plane corresponding to the body-centred cubic (bcc) structure. Estimated Mo film parameters for films deposited on barrier layers were compared against films deposited on SS substrate without any barriers as these properties influence the prospective diffusion of Fe and Cr into the absorber layer. Surface characterisation of the deposited films was carried out using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the morphology of films, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) to identify elemental presence to confirm the blockage of the impurities atoms through the film. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was employed to study the depth profiles of films while atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterise the topographical properties from the sputtered Mo film and analyse the grain properties of the films. A low resistivity value of 0.511 × 10–6 Ω m for Mo films on the reference glass substrate and 0.625 × 10–6 Ω m for the Mo film on ZnO barrier was measured using the four-point probe. We observed a further 40% reduction in impurities using annealed ZnO barrier combined with an optimised Mo layer.
关键词： flexible solar cell,stainless steel substrate,sputtering,barrier layers,molybdenum back-contact
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Higha??Throughput Characterization of Perovskite Solar Cells for Rapid Combinatorial Screening
摘要： In order to discover the ideal perovskite material for solar cell application, a large parameter space (composition, surrounding condition, fabrication technique etc.) must first be explored. Hence, screening this parameter space using a rapid combinatorial screening approach could drastically speed-up the rate of discovery. During the last decade, these discoveries and optimization processes of perovskite materials have been achieved using simple lab-scale deposition techniques and characterization methods, resulting in a substantial time-consuming process, slowing the rate of progress in field of photovoltaics. Thus, the benefits of developing fully-automated, high-throughput characterization techniques become apparent. In this paper, we detail a high-throughput solar cell testing system that enables parallel, real-time and comprehensive measurements, allowing for 16 solar cells to be characterized simultaneously. We show the importance of measurement reproducibility, condition verification and structured data post-processing.
关键词： Characterization,High-throughput,Perovskite Solar Cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A New Benzodithiophene Based Donor-Acceptor ??-Conjugated Polymer for Organic Solar Cells
摘要： A new benzodithiophene based donor-acceptor π-conjugated polymer (P1) is designed and explored as the photoactive donor for organic solar cells (OSCs). The synthesized donor polymer, P1 displays a wide absorption profile ranging from 300-750 nm with optical band gap of 1.61 eV and moderate ionization potential of -5.30 eV. It has good solubility in non-halogenated and halogenated organic solvents. Next, we fabricated OSCs with P1 by blending with PC71BM, the pristine polymer processed from chlorobenzene showed PCE of 2.79%. Upon addition of external additive diphenyl ether to the blend showed a dramatic improvement in PCE with maximum of 5.33%. DPE tailored the active layer morphology and showed two times higher PCE than pristine films. These results clearly indicate that the new polymer has a great potentiality for enhancing efficiency upon solvent additives, which will provide new routes for the development of new class of polymers for high-performance air-stable OSCs.
关键词： benzodithiophene based π-conjugated polymer,organic solar cell,morphology,octyl side chain
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Self-powered and flexible perovskite photodiode/solar cell bifunctional devices with MoS2 hole transport layer
摘要： Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are highly attractive for the use in optoelectronic devices, but their instabilities should be solved before the practical applications. As one of the solutions, it is important to find a transport layer that can improve the stability and durability of the devices. Here, we first employ MoS2 for a hole transport layer (HTL) in high-performance flexible p-i-n-type perovskite photodiode (PD)/solar cell bifunctional devices (PPSBs) with co-doped graphene transparent conductive electrodes. The current of the PPSB increases by up to 106 times by illumination even at 0 V, meaning “self-powered”. The PPSB exhibits high responsivity and on/off ratio in a broad spectral range of ultraviolet to visible light at a PD mode and good photovoltaic properties at a solar cell mode. The photoresponse shows only 38 % degradation during 30 days, and the photo-stability is almost perfect under continuous light soaking for 100 h. Flexible PPSB exhibits excellent mechanical properties by maintaining ~57 % of its initial photocurrent even after 3000 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 4 mm. These results suggest that MoS2 films can be successfully used as a HTL in perovskites-based rigid/flexible optoelectronic devices.
关键词： photodiode,co-doping,MoS2,graphene,bifunctional,hole transport layer,perovskite,solar cell,self-powered
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A Short Review on Rare Earth Doped NaYF4 Upconverted Nanomaterials for Solar Cell Applications
摘要： The enhancement of upconversion luminescence (UCL) of rare earth (RE) doped upconversion nanomaterials which facilitates anti-Stokes emission is particularly important and urgently required for a broad range of applications. The fascinating properties such as anti-Stokes shifts, long life times and sharp emissions exhibits potential application in various areas. The UC is one of the exciting processes in the RE ions in which one can get the emission of high energy ultra-violet (UV) and visible (Vis) photons with the help of low energy near infrared (NIR) photons. In this mini review, we have discussed fundamental concepts of NaYF4 host for UC emission. The NaYF4 host has been selected due to its low phonon energy and composition stability. We have also demonstrated that the introduction of core shell and plasmonic nanostructure which has a critical effect on UCL. The recent advances in plasmon-enhanced UCL in RE doped NaYF4 are also noted. Finally, the recent solar cell applications of RE doped NaYF4 nanocomposite phosphor materials are introduced.
关键词： solar cell,nanomaterials,NaYF4,Rare earth
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57