研究目的
To investigate the effect of perovskites layer quality on the performance of compact-TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/carbon solar cells by varying concentrations of PbI2 and CH3NH3I.
研究成果
By optimizing the heat treatment procedure for FTO substrate and concentrations of PbI2 and MAI, an excellent PSC was fabricated via a two-step deposition method. A maximum PCE of 1.71% was achieved at optimum PbI2 and MAI concentrations of 1.2 M and 8 mg ml?1, respectively, using carbon as HTM and back contact electrode. The champion sample with the PCE of 9.1% was achieved using Spiro-OMeTAD and Au-evaporated as HTM and counter electrode, respectively.
研究不足
The uncompleted perovskite formation might be slightly due to the nature of solution process (specifically two-step method) and other fabrication factors such as time and temperature.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
Different perovskite layers were prepared by varying concentrations of PbI2 and CH3NH3I, while reaction temperature and dipping time were fixed. The range of concentrations for PbI2 and methylammonium iodide (MAI) were 1–1.4 M and 6–10 mg ml?1, respectively.
2：4 M and 6–10 mg ml?1, respectively. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Fabricated perovskite layers were first coated by carbon electrodes (5-layer) and then, the champion one was coated by Spiro-OMeTAD (as a hole transport material) and Au-evaporated layer as a cathode (6-layer).
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectrum were used for characterization. Photovoltaic properties were measured under AM 1.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
5. 4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Fabricated films were fully characterized by the mentioned equipment. Photovoltaic properties were measured with a scan rate of 0.01 V s?
5：01 V s?Data Analysis Methods:
1. 5. Data Analysis Methods: The quality of perovskite film was evaluated through XRD pattern, UV–Vis spectrophotometer and the color of the final sample.
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X-ray diffraction (XRD) grazing patterns
PANalytical X’Pert PRO MP
PANalytical
Studying the microstructural and crystal phase of fabricated perovskite film
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TiO2 paste
Ti-Nanoxide T/SP, code: 14421
Solaronix
Used for preparing mesoporous TiO2 film
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PbI2
Sharif Solar Co.
Used for preparing perovskite layer
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N,N-dimethylformide (DMF)
Merck
Solvent for PbI2 solution
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methyl ammonium iodide (CH3NH3I)
Sigma, Aldrich
Used for preparing perovskite layer
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Spiro-OMeTAD
code: 37122
Solaronix
Hole transport material
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Fluorine tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass
thickness: 2.2 mm, sheet resistance: 15 ± 1Ω sq.?1
Solaronix
Substrate for solar cells
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Degussa carbon black conductive grade
PRINTEX XE 2-B
Used for preparing carbon paste
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Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)
TESCAN MIRA3 LMU
TESCAN
Studying the microstructure, thickness of each layer and chemical analysis
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IVIUM instrument potentiostat/galvanostat
IVIUM
Measuring photovoltaic properties
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UV–Vis spectrophotometer
Avante, Avaspec 2048 TEC
Avante
Investigating the optical properties of fabricated sample
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