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The coherence between TiO2 nanoparticles and microfibrillated cellulose in thin film for enhanced dispersal and photodegradation of dye
摘要： Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was used to enhance the dispersal and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles. With the small amount of MFC (0.1 wt.% or 0.3 wt.%), TEM images showed that particle agglomeration was greatly minimized due to the coherence between TiO2 nanoparticles and MFC. The surface area and pore volume of TiO2 nanoparticles was enhanced as proven in N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. Thermogravimetric and Fourier transform infrared spectra further confirmed the presence of MFC in TiO2/MFC coating solution. Using commercial adhesive, TiO2 and TiO2/MFC were spray coated on polyvinyl chloride sheet. The photocatalytic thin films were examined using scanning electron microscope with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The presence of MFC was not only helpful to enhance particle dispersal but also supportive to increase the hydrophilicity of the thin film. In comparison to TiO2 coating, the films were capable to adsorb 50% more methylene blue in 90 min. TiO2/MFC coatings removed 90% of methylene blue dye in 90 min under UV irradiation.
关键词： Spray coating,Photocatalysis,Dye,TiO2 nanoparticles,Microfibrillated cellulose,Adsorption
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Morphology Tuning of ZnO/P3HT/P3HT-b-PEO Hybrid Films Deposited via Spray or Spin Coating
摘要： Hybrid films of zinc oxide (ZnO) and poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) show promising characteristics for application in hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells (HBSCs). However, the incompatibility of ZnO and P3HT may lead to a reduced interface area, thus reducing the probability of exciton separation and consequently lowering solar cells efficiencies. Here, a diblock copolymer P3HT-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is introduced to improve the interface between ZnO and P3HT. ZnO is synthesized via a block copolymer assisted sol-gel approach and the used zinc precursor is directly incorporated into the PEO blocks. Thus, the possibility of aggregation is reduced for both, the inorganic and the organic components and a good intermixing is ascertained. Two deposition methods, namely spray and spin coating are compared with respect to the resulting film structure, which is investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time-of-flight grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering (TOF-GISANS) measurements. Both, the surface and inner morphologies reveal that the spin coated samples possess smaller and less diverse domain sizes than the sprayed films. Due to the advantage of spray coating in large-scale production, the morphology of the sprayed samples is tailored more meticulous by changing the weight fraction of ZnO in the films. The sprayed hybrid films show smaller domains and less aggregation with decreasing amount of ZnO. This reveals that both, the deposition method and composition of the ZnO/P3HT/P3HT-b-PEO hybrid films play an important role for the film morphology and thus for improving the performance of HBSCs in future application.
关键词： spray coating,morphology,spin coating,ZnO/P3HT/P3HT-b-PEO,TOF-GISANS
更新于2025-11-14 15:19:41
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTOELECTRONIC AND NANO MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY (icONMAT 2019) - Kerala, India (3–5 January 2019)] - Effect of substrate temperature on spray coated PEDOT:PSS thin film morphology for organic solar cell
摘要： The effect of substrate temperature on the spray coated poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer (HTL) is explored in terms of morphological, electrical and photovoltaic characterization. The substrate temperature is varied in three steps 100, 150 and 200°C during the spray deposition of PEDOT: PSS thin film layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy images reveal that for the substrate temperatures of 100°C and 150°C, the morphology of PEDOT: PSS layer is improved and further increasing the temperature to 200°C, voids and cracks are formed in the films. These voids and cracks influence the conductivity of PEDOT: PSS layer which reduces from 4.7 for 150°C to 3.9 S/cm for 200°C. Organic solar cells (OSCs) using PTB7:PC71BM absorber layer on the spray coated PEDOT:PSS HTL show an efficiency increase from 2.34 for 100°C to 2.88% for 150°C and then decrease to 1.88% for 200°C.
关键词： substrate temperature,spray coating,PEDOT:PSS,morphology,organic solar cells
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Water Impact Resistant and Antireflective Superhydrophobic Surfaces Fabricated by Spray Coating of Nanoparticles: Interface Engineering via End-Grafted Polymers
摘要： Fully transparent and water impact resistant superhydrophobic coatings are of great importance for a range of applications including photovoltaics, photonics, automotive windshields, and building windows. A widely utilized approach to fabricate such coatings involves solution-based deposition of hydrophobic nanoparticles. A central challenge is that these coatings do not simultaneously offer high levels of water repellency, perfect transparence, and water impact resistance. Here we demonstrate that end-grafted polymers present excellent interfaces for spray-coated hydrophobic nanoparticles and enable fabrication of water impact resistant and antireflective superhydrophobic coatings (SHPARCs). Depending on the backbone chemistry and thickness, end-grafted polymers uniquely interacted with the fluorinated nanoparticles, resulting in nanostructured films that provided reduction of reflective losses and protection from the impact of water droplets. Counterintuitively, substrates modified with end-grafted hydrophilic polymers exhibited high water impact resistance: the sliding angle of SHPARC on 12 nm thick end-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) layer was <2° after exposure to 100000 water droplets. SHPARC increased the transparency of the glass substrate by ～5% through omnidirectional antireflectivity. We finally demonstrate application of SHPARC on a large area (156 × 156 mm2) silicon solar cell without significant (<0.23%) reduction of the power conversion efficiency, illustrating the promise of the presented approach in fabrication of self-cleaning photovoltaic modules.
关键词： water impact resistance,antireflective,spray coating,nanoparticles,end-grafted polymers,superhydrophobic coatings
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Rapid Scalable Processing of Tin Oxide Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The development of scalable deposition methods for perovskite solar cell materials is critical to enable the commercialisation of this nascent technology. Herein, we investigate the use and processing of nanoparticle SnO2 films as electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells, and develop deposition methods for ultrasonic spray-coating and slot-die coating, leading to photovoltaic device efficiencies over 19%. The effects of post-processing treatments (thermal annealing, UV ozone and O2 plasma) are then probed using structural and spectroscopic techniques to characterise the nature of the np-SnO2/perovskite interface. We show that a brief ‘hot air flow’ method can be used to replace an extended thermal anneal, confirming that this approach is compatible with high-throughput processing. Our results highlight the importance of interface management to minimise nonradiative losses, as well as providing a deeper understanding of the processing requirements for large area deposition of nanoparticle metal oxides.
关键词： spray-coating,interfaces,SnO2,perovskite solar cells,scalable processing,tin oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Highly Reproducible Large-Area Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Continuous Megasonic Spray Coating of CH <sub/>3</sub> NH <sub/>3</sub> PbI <sub/>3</sub>
摘要： A simple, low-cost, large area, and continuous scalable coating method is proposed for the fabrication of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells. A megasonic spray-coating method utilizing a 1.7 MHz megasonic nebulizer that could fabricate reproducible large-area planar efficient perovskite films is developed. The coating method fabricates uniform large-area perovskite film with large-sized grain since smaller and narrower sized mist droplets than those generated by existing ultrasonic spray methods could be generated by megasonic spraying. The volume flow rate of the CH3NH3PbI3 precursor solution and the reaction temperature are controlled, to obtain a high quality perovskite active layer. The devices reach a maximum efficiency of 16.9%, with an average efficiency of 16.4% from 21 samples. The applicability of megasonic spray coating to the fabrication of large-area solar cells (1 cm2), with a power conversion efficiency of 14.2%, is also demonstrated. This is a record high efficiency for large-area perovskite solar cells fabricated by continuous spray coating.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,continuous process,spray coating,large-area
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fully Spray-Coated Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： We use ultrasonic spray-coating to sequentially deposit thin films of tin oxide, a triple-cation perovskite and spiro-OMeTAD, allowing us fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a champion reverse scan power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.4% on small-area substrates. We show that the use of spray-deposition permits us to rapidly (>80 mm s?1) coat 25 mm × 75 mm substrates that were divided into a series of devices each with an active area of 15.4 mm2, yielding an average PCE of 10.3% and a peak PCE of 16.3%. By connecting seven 15.4 mm2 devices in parallel on a single substrate, we create a device having an effective active area of 1.08 cm2 and a PCE of 12.7%. This work demonstrates the possibility for spray-coating to fabricate high efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cells at speed.
关键词： spray-coating,ultrasonic spray-coating,perovskite solar cells,scalable deposition,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Liquid Phase Exfoliated Indium Selenide Based Highly Sensitive Photodetectors
摘要： Layered semiconductors of the IIIA–VIA group have attracted considerable attention in (opto)electronic applications thanks to their atomically thin structures and their thickness-dependent optical and electronic properties, which promise ultrafast response and high sensitivity. In particular, 2D indium selenide (InSe) has emerged as a promising candidate for the realization of thin-film field effect transistors and phototransistors due to its high intrinsic mobility (>102 cm2 V?1 s?1) and the direct optical transitions in an energy range suitable for visible and near-infrared light detection. A key requirement for the exploitation of large-scale (opto)electronic applications relies on the development of low-cost and industrially relevant 2D material production processes, such as liquid phase exfoliation, combined with the availability of high-throughput device fabrication methods. Here, a β polymorph of indium selenide (β-InSe) is exfoliated in isopropanol and spray-coated InSe-based photodetectors are demonstrated, exhibiting high responsivity to visible light (maximum value of 274 A W?1 under blue excitation 455 nm) and fast response time (15 ms). The devices show a gate-dependent conduction with an n-channel transistor behavior. Overall, this study establishes that liquid phase exfoliated β-InSe is a valid candidate for printed high-performance photodetectors, which is critical for the development of industrial-scale 2D material-based optoelectronic devices.
关键词： photodetectors,2D semiconductors,indium selenide,field effect transistors,liquid phase exfoliation,spray coating,solution processed
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Single-material organic solar cells with fully conjugated electron-donor alkoxy-substituted bithiophene units and electron-acceptor benzothiadiazole moieties alternating in the main chain
摘要： Main chain conjugated linear polymers, constituted by alternating electron-donor (D) and -acceptor (A) moieties, have been prepared with the aim of testing their performances as photoactive components in single material organic solar cells (SMOSCs). The D moiety is constituted by bithiophene co-units bearing in the position 3 of the thiophene ring an hexyloxy, a hexyloxymethyl or a hexyl group, while the A moiety is represented by the benzothiadiazole group. The D–A polymers were obtained in high yield through the poorly demanding oxidative FeCl3 polymerization process - starting, respectively, from the related precursors 4,7-bis(3-hexyloxythiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][2,1,3]thiadiazole, 4,7-bis[3-(6-methoxyhexyl)thiophen-2-yl]benzo[c][2,1,3]thiadiazole and 4,7-bis(3-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][2,1,3]thiadiazole - with low dispersity indexes, close to the monodisperse state, after fractionation with methanol. The materials have been thoroughly characterized for their physical and structural properties and then tested for photoconversion efficiency in SMOSCs by using different deposition procedures of the photoactive component. In agreement with Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements, the best photovoltaic performance was observed for the polymer based on conjugated 3-alkoxythiophene and benzothiadiazole moieties, achieving significant photocurrents for this type of fully conjugated alternating D–A structures (Jsc = 2.63-3.72 mA cm-2).
关键词： alternating D–A polymers,alkoxy alkyl substituents,photo-charges,Single-material organic solar cells,spray coating method
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Spray-coated SnO2 electron transport layer with high uniformity for planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： SnO2 has been proven to be an effective electron transport layer (ETL) material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to its excellent electrical and optical properties. Here, we introduce a viable spray coating method for the preparation of SnO2 films. Then, we employ a SnO2 film prepared using the spray coating method as an ETL for PSCs. The PSC based on the spray-coated SnO2 ETL achieves a power conversion efficiency of 17.78%, which is comparable to that of PSCs based on conventional spin-coated SnO2 films. The large-area SnO2 films prepared by spray coating exhibit good repeatability for device performance. This study shows that SnO2 films prepared by spray coating can be applied as ETLs for stable and high-efficiency PSCs. Because the proposed method involves low material consumption, it enables the low-cost and large-scale production of PSCs.
关键词： SnO2 film,PSCs,ETL,spray coating
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59