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[Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems] Advances in Engineering Research and Application Volume 63 (Proceedings of the International Conference, ICERA 2018) || Comparison Between DC and HiPIMS Discharges. Application to Nickel Thin Films
摘要： The study deals with a comparison between Direct Current (DC) and High Power Impulse Magetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) processes. We have ?rst highlighted that the plasma of the DC discharge is composed mainly of gaseous species whereas the HiPIMS discharge leads to a plasma dominated by metal vapor and characterized by the presence of charged species of strong and low energy. For thin nickel (Ni) ?lms, we have found the the use of HiPIMS produce denser and better crystallized layers improving the uniformity of the coating on substrates with complex geometries.
关键词： Nickel thin ?lms,HiPIMS,Magnetron sputtering
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Electrospray deposited MoS2 nanosheets as an electron transporting material for high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells
摘要： For perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the development of low cost, stable and e?cient electron transport materials (ETMs) is of prime consideration. Here, we have introduced a scalable electrospraying technique for the direct deposition of hydrotermally synthesized two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 nanosheets ETMs, onto the ?uorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass susbtarte to use in PSCs with reduces hysteresis, improved ambient stability and high e?ciency. The PSCs fabricated with electrospray deposited MoS2 nanosheets demonstrate the maximum power conversion e?ciency (PCEmax) of 16.17%, that is comparable to the PCEs achieved from compact SnO2 and TiO2 ETM based PSCs. The current ?ndings present a new route for the construction of stable and e?cient PSCs based on a low-cost and solution- processed MoS2 nanosheets ETMs.
关键词： Thin ?lms,Electrospray,Perovskite solar cells,Hysteresis-free,MoS2 nanosheets
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Freestanding graphene oxide-polytetrafluoroethylene membranes with excellent photothermic performance for laser ignition
摘要： A new kind of laser energy convertor with highly improved photothemic performance was fabricated using a facile and versatile approach, which was composed of graphene oxide and polytetra?uoroethylene membranes. SEM, XRD and TG-DSC were performed to characterize and compare the morphology, composition and heat release of the different graphene oxide and polytetra?uoroethylene membranes. The optimized freestanding composite membrane exhibited highly improved photothermic temperature rise under the laser irradiation (from 132 (cid:1)C to 236 (cid:1)C), which was further used as the laser energy convertor for the laser ignition and largely reduced the threshold power for laser initiators (approximately 48%). These results can promote the development of superior laser energy convector and also laser initiators with low ignition energy.
关键词： Nanocomposites,Carbon materials,Thin ?lms,Nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Optoelectronic gas sensor sensitized by hierarchically structured ZnO nanorods/Ag nanofibers via on-chip fabrication
摘要： Hierarchically structured ZnO nanorods/Ag nano?bers fabricated on chip using soft solution and polyol process was utilized for optoelectronic gas sensors. Since a built-in electric ?eld forms between the two materials, an enhanced gas sensitivity in NO2, ethanol, CO and CH4 gas environments with assisted of UV illumination at room temperature in comparison with the pristine hierarchically structured ZnO nanorods.
关键词： Nanocomposites,Sensors,Thin ?lms
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Experimental X-ray investigations of changes at the “solid-solid interface” boundary after pulsed focused laser irradiation
摘要： Investigated in this work were plates of Zerodur connected to a solid monolith block with the aluminum nanolayer of the 100-nm thickness. The object of the study was this nanolayer that changed its optical transparency under action of pulsed laser radiation. Zerodur plate located on the back side after ablation was step-by-step thinned by grinding and polishing up to the boundary with aluminum nanolayer. After each thinning step, we performed the X-ray phase analysis by using the diffractometer Philips X’Pert PRO – MRD. Used in this study was Cu Kal emission line with the wavelength k = 0.15405980 nm). The anode potential was 45 kV, and current – 40 mA. It has been ascertained that the changes in phase composition are present within the region of 50(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)100 nm from the aluminum nanolayer boundary. It has been found the appearance of the weak but sharp peak at 28.4(cid:1) that corresponds to the re?ection (1 1 1) of cubic silicon nanoparticles. Their size is approximately 12 nm. It was revealed the weakly pronounced but clear peak at 44.78(cid:1) that corresponds to the re?ection (2 0 0) attributed to cubic aluminum.
关键词： Zerodure,Nanoparticles,X-ray techniques,Laser ablation,Thin ?lms,Laser processing
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Dielectric Properties of γ‐Iirradiated, Stretched, and Poled PVDF Thin Films
摘要： The e?ects of ??-irradiation on the dielectric properties of stretched and poled polyvinylidene ?uoride thin ?lms synthesized by solvent cast method are reported. The ?lms are subjected to ??-irradiation with di?erent doses (25, 50, and 75 kGy). XRD pattern is obtained to identify the presence of ??/?? phases. Dielectric constant and loss values of the stretched and poled ?lms have been measured, before and after irradiation, and their nature of variation has been studied. ?? phase is retained even after the irradiation thereby con?rming that the radiation damage is not signi?cant. The dielectric loss is minimum in the frequency range 102 to104 Hz, giving the preferable frequency range of operation for devices.
关键词： ??-irradiation,dielectric spectroscopy,polyvinylidene?uoride thin ?lms
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Synthesis and characterization of inorganic K3Bi2I9 perovskite thin films for lead-free solution processed solar cells
摘要： Bismuth halide perovskites have been proposed as a non-toxic and chemically stable alternative to lead halide perovskites. Despite being highly stable, the devices based on bismuth perovskites have not been able to compete with the lead counterparts in terms of its ef?ciencies. The compounds that have been extensively studied i.e. Cs3Bi2I9 and MA3Bi2I9 form 0D (dimer) structures that possess wide indirect band gaps and poor charge transport properties which hinders the performance of devices based on these materials. Theoretical studies have revealed that replacing bigger A cation like Cs/MA by smaller cation like potassium (K) could favor the formation of layered 2D structures rather than 0D structure. We have synthesized inorganic K3Bi2I9 perovskite thin ?lms by facile one-step spin coating method and investigated its structural, optical and morphological properties. The fabricated ?lms showed strong absorption in UV and visible region of solar spectrum and possess optical band gap (cid:1)2 eV. On comparison with the Cs analogue, it is observed that reduction in the cation size (Cs to K) hardly changes the band gap of K3Bi2I9 ?lms which implies that the band gap of A3Bi2I9 perovskite is insensitive to A-site variation. Films deposited on preheated substrates showed comparatively good coverage without voids on the ?lm surface. Our preliminary studies on this material showed that the ?lms deposited by one-step solution method favored 0D structure rather than the expected 2D layered structure.
关键词： Thin ?lms,K3Bi2I9 perovskite,XRD,Spin coating,XPS
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Structural and Optical Annealing Route-Dependent Properties of CZTS Thin Films Grown by One-Step Electrodeposition with Free Annealing Sulfurization for Photovoltaic Application
摘要： In the electrodeposition-anneal processes, the as-deposited ?lm presents a de?ciency of S which makes sulfurization inevitable. In this paper, an electrolyte was used for elaborating Cu2ZnSnS4 thin ?lms with free annealing sulfurization onto indium-doped tin oxide-coated glass substrates for solar cell applications. For a one-step elaboration of CZTS thin ?lms, a potentiostatic process has been adopted, and the deposition potential effect has been studied. The prepared samples were treated by annealing at different temperatures and subsequently were considered for structural and morphological properties with the aim to comprehend the growth behavior and to promote the ?lm characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the characteristic peaks at (112), (200) and (224) planes, which correlate with a Kesterite thin ?lm structure and another phase impurity. The uniform area of the ?lm and the grain size transformation of the particles relative to annealing temperature was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and the XRD analysis. From the optical study, the gap energy Eg was enlarged with changed annealing temperature in the range of 1.7–1.48 eV.
关键词： CZTS,electrodeposition,annealing,photovoltaic,thin ?lms,free-annealing sulfurization
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition of Chromium Diboride-Rich Thin Films
摘要： Chromium borides are promising candidates for several structural applications including protective coatings for materials exposed to corrosive and abrasive environments. In this paper the pulsed laser deposition of chromium diboride-rich thin ?lms has been carried out in vacuum by using a frequency doubled Nd:glass laser with a pulse duration of 250 fs. The ?lms have been deposited at di?erent substrate temperatures and characterized by X-ray di?raction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Lastly, the ?lm’s hardness has been studied by Vickers indentation technique. The results indicate that only the ?lms deposited at a substrate temperature of 500 C are crystalline and formed by chromium diboride, together with a certain amount of boron and chromium, which suggests that, as main mechanism, a process taking place on the surface from atoms and ions from the gas phase. This hypothesis has been con?rmed by the study of the plasma produced by the ablation process.
关键词： thin ?lms,pulsed laser deposition,chromium diboride,ultra-short pulse laser
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Nanostructures for Light Trapping in Thin Film Solar Cells
摘要： Thin ?lm solar cells are one of the important candidates utilized to reduce the cost of photovoltaic production by minimizing the usage of active materials. However, low light absorption due to low absorption coe?cient and/or insu?cient active layer thickness can limit the performance of thin ?lm solar cells. Increasing the absorption of light that can be converted into electrical current in thin ?lm solar cells is crucial for enhancing the overall e?ciency and in reducing the cost. Therefore, light trapping strategies play a signi?cant role in achieving this goal. The main objectives of light trapping techniques are to decrease incident light re?ection, increase the light absorption, and modify the optical response of the device for use in di?erent applications. Nanostructures utilize key sets of approaches to achieve these objectives, including gradual refractive index matching, and coupling incident light into guided modes and localized plasmon resonances, as well as surface plasmon polariton modes. In this review, we discuss some of the recent developments in the design and implementation of nanostructures for light trapping in solar cells. These include the development of solar cells containing photonic and plasmonic nanostructures. The distinct bene?ts and challenges of these schemes are also explained and discussed.
关键词： solar cells,plasmonic nanostructures,light trapping,thin ?lms,photonic nanostructures
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52