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[IEEE 2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) - Glasgow, United Kingdom (2018.9.4-2018.9.7)] 2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) - Design of a PV-powered DC water pump system for irrigation: a case study
摘要： A PV-powered automatic irrigation system is designed and implemented in this paper. Dominant factors of the system such as the effect of solar radiation on motor power, current, and water discharge are considered in this study. The proposed system is implemented in the field to irrigate corn plant (maize) considering the optimum tilt angle for Duhok city. A new method for measuring the moisture content in the soil and sufficient level of moisture needed for normal growth of the crop is presented to design a timer for the system to reduce the amount of wasted water. Moisture sensors are used to check the availability of water in the soil and to enable the microcontroller to control the operation status of the pump. The results show that the proposed irrigation method is more accurate and efficient than the conventional irrigation methods in terms of the amount of the water used for irrigation, and the accuracy of irrigating times based on changing local climate. The results clearly demonstrate that the proposed system is more cost effective way of irrigation and more environmental friendly in terms of the amount of water used in an area known for water scarcity.
关键词： water Pumps,DC motor,irrigation,tilt angle,PV cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Energy yield prediction of a bifacial PV system with a miniaturized test array
摘要： Because of the sensitivity on multiple additional factors, compared to monofacial standard installations, the simulation and prediction of a bifacial PV arrays yield is by far more complicated and less reliable. Accordingly, the determination of optimized installation conditions is considerably less straightforward for bifacial installations. Due to the pronounced dependencies also the assignability of otherwise applied installation conditions to similar systems is limited. Because of the low accuracy of the traditional approaches to predict the bifacial system output the use of a miniaturized test rig might be an interesting option. Provided that the results can be assigned to measurements at real systems it can be used as a cheap and flexible testing device. Miniaturized devices could be used in long-term trials for yield measurements at specific locations, to identify optimum installation conditions or to validate simulation algorithms. Running several test rigs with different configurations in parallel would enable a direct comparison. The small size of a miniaturized rig also allows a fast change of the set-up, which is an interesting feature to test the respective impact at otherwise almost unchanged conditions in short-term tests. In this paper we report on a test device which is a miniaturized (1:12) replica of an existing PV array with commercial bifacial modules. The measurement data of both systems are compared in order to investigate if there is a clear assignability. A unique feature of the large test field, a permanent and automated variation of the tilt angle, is also transferred to the miniaturized version. Accordingly, the whole tilt angle range is tested and potential tilt angle dependent effects are revealed. Based on the obtained data we give an estimation of the error in the prediction accuracy and discuss options for possible improvements.
关键词： Energy yield prediction,Bifacial,Tilt angle,Test system
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2017 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE) - Dehradun (2017.12.18-2017.12.19)] 2017 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE) - Calculating Optimum Angle for Solar Panels of Dhaka, Bangladesh for Capturing Maximum Irradiation
摘要： This paper calculates the most optimum angle for solar panel for 365 days of the year individually using geographical location of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Then it calculates total solar irradiation if any angle is kept constant for 365 days. Then it compares the outputs and determines angle for capturing maximum irradiation. Then it verifies the result with another method. The result presents optimum tilt angle for the city of Dhaka.
关键词： declination angle,bright sunshine hour,total solar irradiance,Latitude,optimum tilt angle,sunset angle,hour angle
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Method to improve performance of building integrated photovoltaic thermal system having optimum tilt and facing directions
摘要： A building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system can be installed at optimum tilt and orientation angle to maximize the electrical output. PV output is negatively correlated with the increase in the PV panel temperature. This paper aims at investigating the influence of water flow over the BIPV roof of a two-storied single-family house on the performance of the proposed optimally tilted semi-transparent BIPV thermal system having different facing directions. The periodic nature of insolation, ambient air temperature, BIPV cell temperature, slab temperature, water flow temperature and room temperature have been considered while solving energy equilibrium differential equations. The insolation values used in the energy equilibrium equations are computed employing periodic HDKR (Hay, Davies, Klucher and Reindl) model, which is based on anisotropic sky concept. Results indicate that the average BIPV cell temperature is reduced annually by approximately 10 °C and efficiency is enhanced by 6% when a water flow rate of 1.1 kg s?1 is provided over the BIPV roof. It is also observed that on the most critical day of the year, the temperature of outlet water is 11.5 °C higher than that of inlet water temperature which resulted in 4 kW extraction of exergy.
关键词： Thermal periodic model,BIPV thermal system,Optimum tilt angle,Solar insolation,HDKR model
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Performance enhancement of multi-crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules using mirror reflectors under Western Himalayan climatic conditions
摘要： Silicon photovoltaic modules are widely used in solar power plants worldwide, but their efficiency is of concern due to intermittent nature of solar radiation and non-optimum inclination of PV panels. The PV system power potential is enhanced using reflectors installed at optimum tilt angle. In this study performance of a PV-mirror reflector system installed at respective optimum tilt angles, is evaluated for a two-year period. The average power enhancement of PV-reflector system is found to be 10e19.84% in summers and 10e13.23% in winters. A new model is developed to determine reflector optimum tilt angles and the results are validated experimentally. The reflector optimum tilt angles are determined to be 400 for summer and 150 for winter for Hamirpur location, Himachal Pradesh, India. The error in the predicted and experimental optimum tilt angles is found to be 12.5%. The PV module temperature rise due to reflector is found small so the effect on PV efficiency is not substantial for this location. The present study is of relevance for PV power plants to improve land use efficiency and to reduce the cost of energy generation for any location worldwide. Further follow up research areas are also identified.
关键词： PV System,Optimum tilt angle,Solar photovoltaics,Solar plants,Mirror reflector
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effect of doping by enantiomers with the different absolute configuration and phase sequence on mesomorphic, helical and electro-optical properties of highly tilted chiral anticlinic mixture
摘要： The main objective of the present work is to contribute to better understanding of the effect of the absolute configuration and phase sequences of dopants on the self-assembling and physicochemical properties as well as on the electro-optical parameters of a specific liquid crystalline mixture with a broad temperature range of the antiferroelectric phase. In order to establish this effect, the mesomorphic behaviour, helical pitch length and its handedness, spontaneous polarization and tilt angle, as well as electro-optical performance for all design mixture, are determined. The results show a broad temperature range of the antiferroelectric phase and very low melting points in all mixtures. Mixtures doped with (R) enantiomers exhibit longer helical pitch lengths, lower values of spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity, comparable values of a tilt angle but also longer switch off times in comparison to similar mixtures doped with (S) enantiomers. The doping by the enantiomers exhibiting isotropic-ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase sequence reveals the most significant impact on properties of the base mixture. The knowledge gained will very advantageous while designing new multicomponent liquid crystalline mixtures exhibiting the chiral tilted smectic mesophases for application in surface stabilized modes with passive and active matrix drive for utilization in photonics and optoelectronics.
关键词： rotational viscosity,multicomponent mixtures,antiferroelectric liquid crystals,spontaneous polarization,helical pitch,tilt angle,(S) and (R) enantiomers
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on BioGeoSciences (Modeling Natural Environments) || Tilt and Orientation of a Flat Solar Collector to Capture Optimal Solar Irradiation in Chilean Latitudes
摘要： The use of solar technologies is growing steadily throughout the world since solar radiation is recognized as an inexpensive and local renewable source of energy. At the same time, it helps to reduce the great environmental impact caused by the exploitation of non-renewable energy sources. Accurate information about incident solar radiation over an inclined surface is important for selection and installation of solar technologies. In this study, seasonal and annual total irradiation values received on a ?at solar collector were calculated by varying the inclination angle from 0° to 90°, and the azimuth angle from ?180° to 180° for 12 cities in Chile, based in one typical meteorological year. The study provides useful information about the in?uence of the tilt and azimuth angles to the total seasonal and annual solar energy collected. Several cities of Chile located from north to south were selected for the study, including Arica, Calama, Antofagasta, Vallenar, La Serena, Valparaíso, Talca, Concepción, Los Angeles, Valdivia, Puerto Montt, and Puerto Natales. The isotropic sky model was used to calculate the total irradiances. The results showed that during the summer months the average irradiation values were above 150 kWh/m2 in all cities. During the summer months, the device may be inclined between 0° and 30°, whereas during the winter months it is recommended to reset the inclination angle between 30° and 60°. The estimated annual solar radiation gains, based on tilt and azimuth angles, compared to a horizontal surface, increase toward the south with a maximum gain 10.08% for the city of Puerto Natales. The lowest gain was for the city of Arica with 0.55%, which shows that its best use is close to the horizontal surface. Although, the range of inclination and azimuth angles to achieve optimal irradiation values is wide, it is recommended to set the tilt angle of the ?at solar collector between 0° (cid:1) b (cid:1) 60° and the azimuth angle from ?60° (cid:1) c (cid:1) 60°. For losses smaller than 5% of irradiation, the azimuth angle can oscillate between ±30° without a signi?cant impact on the total irradiation captured by a ?at solar collector.
关键词： Flat solar collector,Tilt angle,Solar irradiation,Chile,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Changes of Photovoltaic Performance as a Function of Positioning Relative to the Focus Points of a Concentrator PV Module: Case Study
摘要： This article examines the positioning features of polycrystalline, monocrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules relative to the focus points of concentrator photovoltaic modules under real meteorological conditions using a dual tracking system. The performance of the photovoltaic modules mounted on a dual-axis tracking system was regarded as a function of module orientation where the modules were moved step by step up to a point where their inclination di?ered by 30? compared to the ideal focus point position of the reference concentrator photovoltaic module. The inclination di?erence relative to the ideal focus point position was determined by the perfect perpendicularity to the rays of the sun. Technology-speci?c results show the accuracy of a sun tracking photovoltaic system that is required to keep the loss in power yield below a de?ned level. The loss in power yield, determined as a function of the measurement results, also showed that the performance insensitivity thresholds of the monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules depended on the direction of the alignment changes. The performance deviations showed clear azimuth dependence. Changing the tilt of the modules towards north and south showed little changes in results, but inclination changes towards northwest, southwest, southeast, and northeast produced results diverging more markedly from each other. These results may make the planning of solar tracking sensor investments easier and help with the estimate calculations of the total investment and operational costs and their return concerning monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic systems. The results also provide guidance for the tracking error values of the solar tracking sensor.
关键词： solar module,tilt angle,sun-tracking sensor,sun-tracking,solar energy,azimuth angle
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Intelligent photovoltaic panels based on solar tracking
摘要： The transformation of solar energy into electricity using photovoltaic cells has many economic and environmental benefits. As this technology reduces dependence on non-renewable energy sources, many developed and developing countries near the equator are increasingly willing to adopt such energy generation techniques. Its tilt angle with the horizontal plane and its orientation determines the photovoltaic panel (PV) yield. Thus the solar energy obtained from traditional photovoltaic panels can be maximized by replacing them with Intelligent photovoltaic panels. The Intelligent Photovoltaic panels adjust its orientation as well as tilt angle automatically with changing sun direction to receive maximum possible solar energy on its surface. A handful of studies on the orientation of tilt angle and its optimization have been conducted to improve the yield of photovoltaic panels; however, no solution has been proposed to estimate the optimum value of the parameters based on real-time monitoring.
关键词： Solar Radiations,Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation,PV system performance,Real-time monitoring,Solar Energy,Intelligent Photovoltaic Panels
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimizing the inclined field for solar photovoltaic arrays
摘要： Existing studies are focused on maximizing the solar energy collection by photovoltaic modules installed on a flat (horizontal) field. This paper presents an analytical model, which considers the tilt angle of the field along with the modules and evaluates the direct solar energy accumulation within a given time period. Validation of the model is performed by comparing the results with measurements obtained from a computer-aided 3D model. Then, various applications of the model are demonstrated for optimizing field and module tilt angles. The simulations were performed at a virtual site in Auckland (New Zealand; latitude: ~36.86?S). For the given dimensions of the field and the modules, the results showed that nearly horizontal modules collect 35% more energy than when they are at the latitude angle. If they are tilted at the latitude angle, increasing the inclination angle of the field above 16? increases energy collection by 48%. A contour plot of energy collection over the specified ranges of tilt angles was developed to help designers choose the best possible combinations. Finally, the monthly and seasonal energy collections are also presented for modules fixed on an inclined field, tilted at latitude angle.
关键词： constrained field,tilt angle,solar potential,solar irradiance,solar PV,inclined array
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59