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Highly Air-Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells through Grain-Surface Protection by Gallic Acid
摘要： Maintaining the stability of tin halide perovskites is a major challenge in developing lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Adding extra SnX2 (X=F, Cl, Br) in the precursor solution to inhibit Sn2+ oxidation is an essential strategy to improve the device efficiency and stability. However, SnX2 on the surface of perovskite grains tends to prohibit charge transfer across perovskite films. Here, we report a coadditive engineering approach by introducing antioxidant gallic acid (GA) together with SnCl2 to improve the performance of tin–based PSCs. The SnCl2–GA complex can not only protect the perovskite grains but also more effectively conduct electrons across it, leading to highly stable and efficient PSCs. The unencapsulated devices can maintain ~ 80% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h storage in ambient air with a relative humidity of 20%, which is the best air stability that can be achieved in tin-based PSCs until now.
关键词： air stability,coadditive engineering,tin-based perovskite solar cells,SnCl2–GA complex,gallic acid
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhanced performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells induced by an ammonium hypophosphite additive
摘要： As a promising lead-free perovskite candidate, tin-based halide perovskites such as FASnI3 have attracted extensive attention recently in photovoltaic applications. However, the relatively low e?ciency and poor long-term stability of tin-based perovskite solar cells hinder their practical applications. Here, ammonium hypophosphite is introduced into the FASnI3 perovskite precursor to suppress the oxidation of Sn2+ and assist the growth of perovskite grains, leading to improved perovskite ?lm quality and reduced defect density, and consequently, the device e?ciency and open circuit voltage are substantially improved. More importantly, the solar cells exhibit pronounced enhancement of the long-term stability. This work provides a facile approach for improving the performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells by introducing ammonium hypophosphite as an antioxidant agent in the precursor solution.
关键词： ammonium hypophosphite,tin-based perovskite,solar cells,photovoltaic performance,antioxidant
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Regulated Crystallization of Efficient and Stable Tin-based Perovskite Solar Cells via Self-sealing Polymer
摘要： Tin-based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have emerged as the most promising lead-free perovskite materials owing to their superior optoelectronic properties. However, the deficiency of accurate control for the tin-based perovskite crystallization process increases the possibility of unexpected perovskite film morphology and defects, resulting in inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE). Meanwhile, the poor environmental stability of tin-based perovskite film hinders its further development. In this work, a unique polymer [poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA)] is introduced into anti-solvent during spin coating of formamidinium tin tri-iodide (FASnI3) precursor solution. The C=O groups contained in EVA have a powerful Lewis acid-base complexation with uncoordinated tin atoms in perovskite grains, which can greatly improve grain size, optimize grain orientation and decrease surface defects of FASnI3 films. This strategy offers an impressive PCE of 7.72% with favorable reproducibility. More importantly, the PVSCs devices based on FASnI3-EVA absorber have a self-encapsulation effect, which exhibits distinguished moisture and oxygen barrier property, thereby retaining 62.4% of the original efficiency value after aging for 48 h in air environment with humidity of 60%. Such convenient strategy provides a new inspiration for the establishment of stable and high performance tin-based PVSCs.
关键词： environmental stability,self-encapsulation,poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate),crystallization,tin-based perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52